Yadda ake Gudun Umarni daga Daidaitaccen Input Ta Amfani da Tee da Xargs a cikin Linux


Yayin amfani da layin umarni, zaku iya ƙaddamar da fitowar shirin ɗaya kai tsaye (misali kayan aiki wanda ke haifar da ɗan rashin ƙarfi, don ƙarin sarrafawa), ta amfani da bututun mai.

Biyu daga cikin mahimman abubuwan amfani da layin umarni waɗanda za a iya amfani da su tare da bututun mai don gina layin umarni sune:

  • xargs - yana karanta rafukan bayanai daga daidaitaccen shigarwa, sannan ya ƙirƙira da aiwatar da layin umarni.
  • tee - yana karantawa daga daidaitaccen shigarwa kuma yana rubutawa lokaci guda zuwa daidaitaccen fitarwa da fayiloli ɗaya ko yawa. Yana da ƙarin umarnin juyawa.

A cikin wannan labarin mai sauƙi, za mu bayyana yadda ake ginawa da aiwatar da umarni da yawa daga daidaitattun shigarwar ta amfani da bututu, tee da umarnin xargs a cikin Linux.

Hanya mafi sauƙi don amfani da bututu, wanda wataƙila kun riga kun gani a cikin umarni a yawancin koyarwar Linux, shine kamar haka. Amma kuna iya gina layin umarni mai tsayi tare da umarni da yawa.

$ command1 args | command2 args 
OR
# command1 args | command2 args | command3 args ...

Da ke ƙasa akwai misalin amfani da bututu don wuce abin da aka fitar na umarnin kai.

$ dmesg | head

Yadda ake amfani da xargs don Gudun Umarni

A cikin wannan misali, umarni na biyu yana canza fitar da muti-line zuwa layi ɗaya ta amfani da xargs.

$ ls -1 *.sh
$ ls -1 *.sh | xargs

Don ƙidaya adadin layuka/kalmomi/ haruffa a cikin kowane fayil a cikin jeri, yi amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ ls *.sh | xargs wc -l	    #count number of lines in each file
$ ls *.sh | xargs wc -w	    #count number of words in each file
$ ls *.sh | xargs wc -c	    #count number of characters in each file
$ ls *.sh | xargs wc	    #count lines, words and characters in each file

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana samowa kuma yana share kundin adireshi mai suna Duk a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu.

$ find . -name "All" -type d -print0 | xargs  -0 /bin/rm -rf "{}"

Umurnin nemo tare da zaɓi -print0 aiki yana ba da damar buga cikakken hanyar adireshi akan daidaitaccen fitarwa, sannan sai wata alama mara kyau da -0 xargs tuta tana ma'amala da sarari a cikin sunayen fayil.

Kuna iya samun wasu misalan umarnin amfani da xargs masu amfani a cikin waɗannan labaran:

  1. Yadda ake Kwafi Fayil zuwa Hanyoyi da yawa a cikin Linux
  2. Sake suna Duk Fayiloli da Sunayen Darakta zuwa Ƙananan Harka a cikin Linux
  3. Hanyoyi 4 Don Batch Canza PNG ɗinku zuwa JPG da Vice-Versa
  4. Hanyoyi 3 don Share Duk Fayiloli a cikin Directory Ban da Fayiloli ɗaya ko kaɗan tare da kari

Yadda ake Amfani da Tee tare da Umurni a cikin Linux

Wannan misalin yana nuna yadda ake aika fitarwar umarni zuwa daidaitaccen fitarwa da adanawa zuwa fayil; Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana ba ku damar duba manyan tafiyar matakai ta mafi girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da amfani da CPU a cikin Linux.

$ ps -eo cmd,pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head | tee topprocs.txt
$ cat  topprocs.txt

Don haɗa bayanai a cikin fayil(s), wuce alamar -a.

$ ps -eo cmd,pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head | tee -a topprocs.txt 

Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani a cikin tee da xargs man shafukan.

$ man xargs
$ man tee

Shi ke nan! Kar a manta da duba labarin mu na musamman: A - Z Dokokin Linux - Bayani tare da Misalai.

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake samar da layin umarni ta hanyar amfani da bututun mai; xargs da umarnin tee. Kuna iya yin kowace tambaya ko raba kowane tunani ta hanyar amsawar da ke ƙasa.