Misalan Umurnin Socksstat 15 masu Amfani don Nemo Buɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

Sockstat shine madaidaicin layin umarni da ake amfani dashi don nuna hanyar sadarwa da tsarin buɗaɗɗen soket a cikin FreeBSD. Yawanci, an shigar da umarnin sockstat ta tsohuwa a cikin FreeBSD kuma ana amfani da shi don nuna sunan hanyoyin da suka buɗe wata tashar hanyar sadarwa akan tsarin FreeBSD.

Duk da haka, sockstat kuma yana iya lissafin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen bisa ga nau'in yarjejeniya (duka nau'in IP), akan yanayin haɗin kai da kuma menene tashar jiragen ruwa daemon ko shirin ke ɗaure da saurare.

Hakanan yana iya nuna kwas ɗin sadarwa na tsaka-tsaki, wanda aka fi sani da Unix domain soket ko IPC. Umurnin Sockstat haɗe tare da mai amfani awk yana tabbatar da zama kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don tarin sadarwar gida.

Zai iya rage sakamakon don haɗin da aka buɗe bisa ga mai amfani wanda ya mallaki soket, bayanin fayil na soket ɗin cibiyar sadarwa ko PID na tsari wanda ya buɗe soket.

A cikin wannan jagorar za mu lissafa wasu misalan amfani gama gari, amma kuma mai ƙarfi, na mai amfani da layin umarni na sockstat a cikin FreeBSD.

  1. FreeBSD 11.1 Jagorar Shigarwa

1. Lissafa Duk Tashoshin Ruwa da Aka Buɗe a cikin FreeBSD

An aiwatar da shi kawai ba tare da wani zaɓi ko sauyawa ba, umarnin sockstat zai nuna duk buƙatun buɗaɗɗe a cikin tsarin FreeBSD, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.

# sockstat

An kwatanta ƙimar da aka nuna a cikin kayan aikin sockstat kamar:

  • USER : Mai (asusun mai amfani) na soket.
  • UMARNI : Umurnin da ya buɗe soket.
  • PID : ID ɗin tsari na umarnin wanda ya mallaki soket.
  • FD : Lambar kwatancen fayil na soket.
  • PROTO : Ka'idar sufuri (yawanci TCP/UDP) da ke da alaƙa da buɗaɗɗen soket ko nau'in soket idan akwai soket ɗin yanki na unix (datagram, rafi ko seqpac) don soket ɗin UNIX.
  • ADDRESS KYAUTA : Yana wakiltar adireshin IP na gida don tushen tushen IP. Idan akwai soket ɗin Unix yana wakiltar sunan fayil ɗin ƙarshe wanda aka haɗe zuwa soket. Bayanin \?? yana nuna cewa ba za a iya gane ko kafa soket ɗin ba.
  • ADRESIN WAJE : Adireshin IP mai nisa inda aka haɗa soket zuwa.

2. Jerin Sauraro ko Buɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

An aiwatar da tutar -l, umarnin sockstat zai nuna duk soket ɗin sauraron da aka buɗe a cikin tarin hanyar sadarwar da duk buɗaɗɗen yanki na unix ko bututu mai suna da ke cikin wasu nau'ikan sarrafa bayanan gida a cikin tsarin.

# sockstat -l

3. Jerin IPv4 Buɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

Don nuna duk buƙatun buɗaɗɗe don ƙa'idar IPv4 kawai, ba da umarni tare da tutar -4, kamar yadda aka ba da shawara a cikin misalin da ke ƙasa.

# sockstat -4

4. Jerin IPv6 Buɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

Mai kama da nau'in IPv4, Hakanan zaka iya nuna buɗaɗɗen cibiyar sadarwa don IPv6 kawai, ta hanyar ba da umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

# sockstat -6

5. Jerin TCP ko UDP Buɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

Domin nuna kwas ɗin cibiyar sadarwa bisa ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idar cibiyar sadarwa, kamar TCP ko UDP, yi amfani da tutar -P, sannan sunan gardama na yarjejeniya.

Ana iya samun sunayen ƙa'idodin ta bincika abun cikin fayil ɗin /etc/protocols. A halin yanzu, ƙa'idar ICMP ba ta da goyan bayan kayan aikin sockstat.

# sockstat -P tcp

# sockstat -P udp

Sarkar duka ladabi.

# sockstat –P tcp,udp

6. Jerin TCP da UDP Specific Port Numbers

Idan kana son nuna duk buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen TCP ko UDP IP, dangane da lambar tashar tashar gida ko ta nesa, yi amfani da tutocin umarni da ke ƙasa, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.

# sockstat -P tcp -p 443             [Show TCP HTTPS Port]
# sockstat -P udp -p 53              [Show UDP DNS Port] 
# sockstat -P tcp -p 443,53,80,21    [Show Both TCP and UDP]

7. Jerin Buɗewa da Haɗe-haɗe Tashoshi a cikin FreeBSD

Domin nuna duk buɗaɗɗen da aka haɗa, yi amfani da tutar -c. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin samfuran da ke ƙasa, zaku iya jera duk soket ɗin da aka haɗa HTTPS ko duk haɗin haɗin TCP ta hanyar ba da umarni.

# sockstat -P tcp -p 443 -c
# sockstat -P tcp -c

8. Jerin Tashoshin Sauraron hanyar sadarwa a cikin FreeBSD

Don jera duk buɗaɗɗen TCP soket a cikin yanayin sauraron ƙara -l da -s tutoci, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin misali na ƙasa. Kasancewa ƙa'idar mara haɗi, UDP ba ta kula da wani bayani game da yanayin haɗin.

UDP buɗaɗɗen soket ɗin ba za a iya nuna su ta hanyar amfani da jihar su ba, saboda ka'idar udp tana amfani da datagrams don aikawa/karɓar bayanai kuma ba ta da hanyar ginawa don sanin yanayin haɗin.

# sockstat -46 -l -s

9. Lissafin Unix Sockets da Bututu mai suna

Unix domain soket, da kuma sauran nau'o'in hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gida, kamar bututu mai suna, ana iya nunawa ta umarnin sockstat ta amfani da alamar -u, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

# sockstat -u

10. Jerin Tashoshin Tashoshi da Aikace-aikacen Buɗe a cikin FreeBSD

Za a iya tace fitar da umarnin Sockstat ta hanyar amfani da grep don nuna jerin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da aka buɗe ta takamaiman aikace-aikace ko umarni.

A ce kana so ka jera duk kwasfa masu alaƙa da sabar gidan yanar gizo na Nginx, za ka iya ba da umarni mai zuwa don cimma aikin.

# sockstat -46 | grep nginx

Don nuna kawai haɗin haɗin gwiwa da ke da alaƙa da sabar gidan yanar gizon Nginx, ba da umarni mai zuwa.

# sockstat -46 -c| grep nginx

11. Jerin Ka'idojin Haɗin HTTPS

Kuna iya jera duk kwas ɗin da aka haɗa masu alaƙa da ka'idar HTTPS tare da yanayin kowace haɗi ta hanyar aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# sockstat -46 -s -P TCP -p 443 -c

12. Jerin HTTP Remote Sockets

Don jera duk ramukan da ke da alaƙa da ka'idar HTTP, zaku iya gudanar da ɗayan haɗin umarni masu zuwa.

# sockstat -46 -c | egrep '80|443' | awk '{print $7}' | uniq -c | sort -nr
# sockstat -46 -c -p 80,443 | grep -v ADDRESS|awk '{print $7}' | uniq -c | sort -nr

13. Nemo Buƙatun HTTP Mafi Girma Ta Adireshin IP

Idan kuna son nemo haɗin HTTP nawa ake buƙata ta kowane adireshin IP mai nisa, ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa. Wannan umarnin zai iya zama da amfani sosai idan kuna son sanin ko sabar gidan yanar gizon ku tana ƙarƙashin wani nau'in harin DDOS. Idan akwai tuhuma, yakamata ku bincika adiresoshin IP tare da mafi girman ƙimar buƙata.

# sockstat -46 -c | egrep '80|443' | awk '{print $7}' | cut -d: -f1 | uniq -c | sort –nr

14. List DNS Buɗe Sockets

Idan kun saita caching da tura uwar garken DNS a wuraren da kuke aiki don ba da sabis na abokin ciniki na ciki ta hanyar ka'idar sufuri ta TCP kuma kuna son nuna jerin duk kwasfa
buɗe ta mai warwarewa, tare da yanayin kowane haɗin soket, aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa.

# sockstat -46 -P tcp –p 53 -s

15. Tambaya TCP DNS akan Local Domain

Idan babu zirga-zirgar DNS akan hanyar sadarwar, zaku iya kunna tambayar DNS da hannu akan soket na TCP daga na'urar na'urar na'ura ta gida ta hanyar bin umarnin tono mai zuwa. Bayan haka, ba da umarnin da ke sama don jera duk soket ɗin warwarewa.

# dig +tcp  www.domain.com  @127.0.0.1

Shi ke nan! Tare da abubuwan amfani da layin umarni na lsof, layin umarni na sockstat babban abin amfani ne da aka yi amfani da shi don samun bayanan cibiyar sadarwa da magance matsaloli da yawa na tarin hanyoyin sadarwar FreeBSD da hanyoyin sadarwa da ayyuka masu alaƙa.

Takwarar umarnin sockstat na FreeBSD a cikin Linux ana wakilta ta netstat ko sabon umarnin ss. Ku yi imani da shi ko a'a, dangane da kayan aikin sockstat, zaku iya samun irin wannan aikace-aikacen da aka haɓaka don Android OS, mai suna SockStat - Simple Netstat GUI.