Hanyoyi 11 don Nemo Bayanin Asusu na Mai amfani da Cikakkun Shiga cikin Linux
Wannan labarin zai nuna muku hanyoyi goma sha ɗaya masu amfani don nemo bayanai game da masu amfani akan tsarin Linux. Anan za mu bayyana umarni don samun cikakkun bayanan asusun mai amfani, nuna bayanan shiga da kuma abin da masu amfani ke yi akan tsarin.
Idan kuna son ƙara masu amfani a cikin Linux, yi amfani da mai amfani ta hanyar layin umarni kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin jagororin masu zuwa:
- 15 Misalai Masu Fa'ida Masu Amfani akan Umurnin 'useradd'
- 15 Misalai Masu Fa'ida Masu Amfani akan Umurnin 'usermod'
Za mu fara da duban umarni don nemo bayanan asusun mai amfani, sannan mu ci gaba da bayyana umarni don duba bayanan shiga.
1. id Command
id shine mai sauƙin layin umarni don nuna ainihin kuma ingantaccen mai amfani da ID na rukuni kamar haka.
$ id tecmint uid=1000(tecmint) gid=1000(tecmint) groups=1000(tecmint),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin),130(sambashare)
2. ƙungiyoyin Umurni
Ana amfani da umarnin ƙungiyoyi don nuna duk ƙungiyoyin da mai amfani yake da su.
$ groups tecmint tecmint : tecmint adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
3. Umurnin yatsa
Ana amfani da umarnin yatsa don bincika bayanai game da mai amfani akan Linux. Ba a shigar da shi akan tsarin Linux da yawa.
Don shigar da shi akan tsarin ku, gudanar da wannan umarni akan tashar.
$ sudo apt install finger #Debian/Ubuntu $ sudo yum install finger #RHEL/CentOS $ sudo dnf install finger #Fedora 22+
Yana nuna ainihin sunan mai amfani; kundin adireshin gida; harsashi; shiga: suna, lokaci; kuma da yawa kamar yadda a kasa.
$ finger tecmint Login: tecmint Name: TecMint Directory: /home/tecmint Shell: /bin/bash On since Fri Sep 22 10:39 (IST) on tty8 from :0 2 hours 1 minute idle No mail. No Plan.
4. Umurnin samun
getent shine mai amfani da layin umarni don ɗauko shigarwar daga ɗakunan karatu na Sabis na Suna (NSS) daga takamaiman tsarin bayanai.
Don samun cikakkun bayanan asusun mai amfani, yi amfani da bayanan bayanan passwd da sunan mai amfani kamar haka.
$ getent passwd tecmint tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash
5. grep Umurnin
Umurnin grep shine kayan aikin bincike mai ƙarfi da ake samu akan galibi idan ba duka tsarin Linus bane. Kuna iya amfani da shi don nemo bayani game da takamaiman mai amfani daga fayil ɗin asusun tsarin: /etc/passwd kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
$ grep -i tecmint /etc/passwd tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash
6. Umurnin lslogins
Umurnin lslogin yana nuna bayanai game da sanannun masu amfani a cikin tsarin, alamar -u
tana nuna asusun masu amfani kawai.
$ lslogins -u UID USER PROC PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS 0 root 144 root 1000 tecmint 70 10:39:07 TecMint,,, 1001 aaronkilik 0 1002 john 0 John Doo
7. Umurnin masu amfani
Umurnin masu amfani yana nuna sunayen masu amfani na duk masu amfani a halin yanzu sun shiga kan tsarin kamar haka.
$ users tecmint aaron
8. wanda Umarni
wanda aka yi amfani da umarnin don nuna masu amfani waɗanda aka shiga akan tsarin, gami da tashoshin da suke haɗawa daga.
$ who -u tecmint tty8 2017-09-22 10:39 02:09 2067 (:0)
9. w Umarni
w umurnin yana nuna duk masu amfani waɗanda suka shiga cikin tsarin da abin da suke yi.
$ w 12:46:54 up 2:10, 1 user, load average: 0.34, 0.44, 0.57 USER TTY FROM [email IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT tecmint tty8 :0 10:39 2:10m 4:43 0.46s cinnamon-sessio
10. umarni na ƙarshe ko na ƙarshe
umarni na ƙarshe/lastb yana nuna jerin masu amfani na ƙarshe da suka shiga akan tsarin.
$ last OR $ last -a #show hostname on the last column
tecmint tty8 Fri Sep 22 10:39 gone - no logout :0 reboot system boot Fri Sep 22 10:36 still running 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint tty8 Thu Sep 21 10:44 - down (06:56) :0 reboot system boot Thu Sep 21 10:42 - 17:40 (06:58) 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint tty8 Wed Sep 20 10:19 - down (06:50) :0 reboot system boot Wed Sep 20 10:17 - 17:10 (06:52) 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint pts/14 Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16 (00:00) tmux(14160).%146 tecmint pts/13 Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16 (00:00) tmux(14160).%145 ...
Don nuna duk masu amfani waɗanda suka kasance a ƙayyadadden lokaci, yi amfani da zaɓin -p
kamar haka.
$ last -ap now tecmint tty8 Fri Sep 22 10:39 gone - no logout :0 reboot system boot Fri Sep 22 10:36 still running 4.4.0-21-generic wtmp begins Fri Sep 1 16:23:02 2017
11. Lastlog Command
Ana amfani da umarnin lastlog don nemo cikakkun bayanan shiga kwanan nan na duk masu amfani ko na wani mai amfani kamar haka.
$ lastlog OR $ lastlog -u tecmint #show lastlog records for specific user tecmint
Username Port From Latest root **Never logged in** kernoops **Never logged in** pulse **Never logged in** rtkit **Never logged in** saned **Never logged in** usbmux **Never logged in** mdm **Never logged in** tecmint pts/1 127.0.0.1 Fri Jan 6 16:50:22 +0530 2017 ..
Shi ke nan! Idan kun san kowane dabarar layin umarni ko umarni don duba bayanan asusun mai amfani yi raba tare da mu.
Za ku sami wannan labarin mai alaƙa da amfani sosai:
- Yadda ake Sarrafa Masu amfani da Ƙungiyoyi a cikin Linux
- Yadda ake Share Accounts na Mai amfani da Littafin Gida a cikin Linux
- Hanyoyi 3 don Canja Tsoffin Shell a Linux
- Yadda ake Toshewa ko Kashe Shiga masu amfani a cikin Linux
A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana hanyoyi daban-daban don nemo bayanai game da masu amfani da bayanan shiga akan tsarin Linux. Kuna iya yin kowace tambaya ko raba ra'ayoyinku ta hanyar amsawar da ke ƙasa.