Hanyoyi 3 don Canja Default Shell a Linux


A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana yadda ake canza harsashi mai amfani a cikin Linux. Harsashi shiri ne da ke karba da fassara umarni; akwai harsashi da yawa kamar su bash, sh, ksh, zsh, kifi da sauran ƙananan sanduna da yawa da ake samu akan Linux.

Bash (/ bin/bash) sanannen harsashi ne akan mafi yawan idan ba duk tsarin Linux ba, kuma yawanci tsoho harsashi ne don asusun mai amfani.

Akwai dalilai da yawa don canza harsashi mai amfani a cikin Linux ciki har da masu zuwa:

  1. Don toshe ko kashe masu shiga na yau da kullun a cikin Linux ta amfani da harsashi na nologin.
  2. Yi amfani da rubutun harsashi ko shirin don shiga umarnin mai amfani kafin a aika su zuwa harsashi don aiwatarwa. Anan, kun ƙididdige abin rufewar harsashi azaman harsashi na shiga mai amfani.
  3. Don biyan buƙatun mai amfani (yana son amfani da takamaiman harsashi), musamman waɗanda ke da haƙƙin gudanarwa.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani tare da abubuwan amfani da addd ko adduser, ana iya amfani da tutar --shell don tantance sunan harsashin shiga mai amfani ban da wanda aka ƙayyade a cikin fayilolin daidaitawa daban-daban.

Ana iya samun damar harsashin shiga daga madaidaicin tushen rubutu ko ta hanyar SSH daga injin Linux mai nisa. Koyaya, idan kun shiga ta hanyar mai amfani da hoto (GUI), zaku iya samun dama ga harsashi daga masu kwaikwayon tasha kamar xterm, konsole da ƙari mai yawa.

Bari mu fara jera duk wani harsashi akan tsarin Linux ɗin ku, nau'in.

# cat /etc/shells

/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
/bin/dash

Kafin ka ci gaba, lura cewa:

  • Mai amfani na iya canza nasu harsashi zuwa kowane abu: wanda, duk da haka dole ne a jera shi a cikin fayil /etc/shells.
  • Tushen ne kawai ke iya gudanar da harsashi da ba a jera su a cikin /etc/shells file.
  • Idan asusun yana da ƙuntataccen harsashi na shiga, to tushen kawai zai iya canza harsashin mai amfani.

Yanzu bari mu tattauna hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku don canza harsashi mai amfani da Linux.

1. Usermod Utility

usermod kayan aiki ne don canza bayanan asusun mai amfani, adana a cikin fayil/sauransu/passwd kuma ana amfani da zaɓin -s ko --shell don canza harsashin shiga mai amfani. .

A cikin wannan misalin, za mu fara bincika bayanan asusun tecmint na mai amfani don duba tsohuwar harsashin shigar sa sannan mu canza harsashin shiga daga /bin/sh zuwa /bin/bash kamar haka.

# grep tecmint /etc/passwd
# usermod --shell /bin/bash tecmint
# grep tecmint /etc/passwd

2. chsh Utility

chsh shine mai amfani da layin umarni don canza harsashin shiga tare da -s ko -shell zaɓi kamar wannan.

# grep tecmint /etc/passwd
# chsh --shell /bin/sh tecmint
# grep tecmint /etc/passwd

Hanyoyi biyun da ke sama duka suna gyara harsashi da aka ƙayyade a cikin /etc/passwd fayil wanda zaku iya shirya da hannu kamar a hanya ta uku a ƙasa.

3. Canja Shell mai amfani a /etc/passwd Fayil

A cikin wannan hanyar, kawai buɗe fayil ɗin /etc/passwd ta amfani da kowane editocin layin umarni da kuka fi so kuma canza takamaiman harsashi na masu amfani.

# vi /etc/passwd

Lokacin da kuka gama gyarawa, ajiye kuma rufe fayil ɗin.

Kar a manta karanta waɗannan batutuwa masu alaƙa:

  1. Fahimtar Fayilolin Ƙaddamarwar Shell da Bayanan Bayanan Mai amfani a cikin Linux
  2. Fahimtar Linux Shell da Tukwici na Rubutun Shell na asali - Sashe na I
  3. Yadda Ake Rubutu da Amfani da Ayyukan Shell da Laburare na Musamman
  4. Fahimtar Rarraba Daban-daban na Dokokin Shell da Amfaninsu

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana hanyoyi daban-daban na canza harsashi mai amfani a cikin Linux. Don raba kowane tunani tare da mu, yi amfani da sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.