Yadda ake goge Tsoffin kernels da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin Debian da Ubuntu
A cikin labarinmu na ƙarshe, mun bayyana yadda ake share tsoffin kwayayen da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin CentOS/RHEL/Fedora. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayanin yadda ake share tsoffin kwayayen da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin tsarin Debian da Ubuntu, amma kafin ci gaba, kuna iya shigar da sabon sigar don cin gajiyar: gyare-gyaren tsaro, sabbin ayyukan kernel, sabunta direbobi da sauransu. fiye da haka.
Don haɓaka kernel ɗin ku zuwa sabon sigar a cikin Ubuntu da Debian, bi wannan jagorar:
- Yadda ake Haɓaka Kernel zuwa Sabon Sigar a cikin Ubuntu
Muhimmi: Yana da kyau a ajiye aƙalla tsohuwar kwaya ɗaya ko biyu don faɗuwa baya idan an sami matsala tare da sabuntawa.
Don gano nau'in kernel na Linux na yanzu yana gudana akan tsarin ku, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
$ uname -sr Linux 4.12.0-041200-generic
Don jera duk kernels da aka shigar akan tsarin ku, ba da wannan umarni.
$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image | awk '{print$2}'
linux-image-4.12.0-041200-generic
linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-generic
Cire Tsoffin Kernels waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba akan Debian da Ubuntu
Gudun umarnin da ke ƙasa don cire takamaiman hoto na Linux tare da fayilolin sanyi, sannan sabunta tsarin grub2, kuma a ƙarshe sake kunna tsarin.
$ sudo apt remove --purge linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic $ sudo update-grub2 $ sudo reboot
[sudo] password for tecmint: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-generic Suggested packages: fdutils linux-doc-4.8.0 | linux-source-4.8.0 linux-tools Recommended packages: thermald The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic* linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic* The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 3 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 2 to remove and 182 not upgraded. Need to get 72.0 MB of archives. After this operation, 81.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59 all 4.8.0-59.64 [10.2 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [811 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [1,782 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,320 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [23.6 MB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [37.4 MB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,348 B] Fetched 72.0 MB in 7min 12s (167 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59. (Reading database ... 104895 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-linux-headers-4.8.0-59_4.8.0-59.64_all.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59 (4.8.0-59.64) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../1-linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic (4.8.0-59.64) ... Preparing to unpack .../2-linux-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Preparing to unpack .../3-linux-headers-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../4-linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Done. Removing linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic (4.8.0-22.24) ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.12.0-041200-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.12.0-041200-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-59-generic done ...
Ko da yake wannan hanya tana aiki da kyau, ya fi dacewa da inganci don amfani da rubutun mai amfani da ake kira byobu wanda ke haɗa duk umarnin da ke sama zuwa cikin tsari guda ɗaya tare da zaɓuɓɓuka masu amfani kamar ƙayyade adadin kernels don ci gaba da tsarin.
Shigar da fakitin rubutun byobu wanda ke ba da shirin da ake kira purge-old-kernels da ake amfani da su don cire tsoffin kernels da fakitin kai daga tsarin.
$ sudo apt install byobu
Sannan cire tsoffin kernels kamar haka (umarnin da ke ƙasa yana ba da damar kernels 2 don kiyaye su akan tsarin).
$ sudo purge-old-kernels --keep 2
Hakanan kuna iya son karanta waɗannan labarai masu alaƙa akan kernel Linux.
- Yadda ake lodawa da sauke Modulolin Kernel a Linux
- Yadda ake Canja Matsalolin Runtime na Kernel a cikin Dagewar Hanya da Mara Dagewa
A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake cire tsoffin hotunan kwaya da ba a yi amfani da su ba akan tsarin Ubuntu da Debian. Kuna iya raba kowane tunani ta hanyar ra'ayoyin daga ƙasa.