Yadda ake saita DNS na gida Ta amfani da /etc/hosts Fayil a cikin Linux

DNS (Tsarin Sunan Yanki ko Sabis) tsari ne na tsarin suna/sabis wanda ke fassara sunayen yanki zuwa adiresoshin IP akan Intanet ko cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa kuma uwar garken da ke ba da irin wannan sabis ana kiransa sabar DNS.

Wannan labarin ya bayyana, yadda ake saita DNS na gida ta amfani da fayil ɗin runduna (/ sauransu/runduna) a cikin tsarin Linux don ƙudurin yanki na gida ko gwada gidan yanar gizon kafin ɗaukar rayuwa.

Misali, kuna iya gwada gidan yanar gizon gida tare da sunan yanki na al'ada kafin ku rayu a bainar jama'a ta hanyar gyara fayil ɗin /etc/hosts akan tsarin gida don nuna sunan yankin zuwa adireshin IP na sabar DNS na gida da kuka saita.

The /etc/hosts fayil ne na tsarin aiki wanda ke fassara sunayen masu watsa shiri ko sunayen yanki zuwa adiresoshin IP. Wannan yana da amfani don gwada canje-canjen gidajen yanar gizo ko saitin SSL kafin ɗaukar gidan yanar gizon kai tsaye.

Hankali: Wannan hanyar za ta yi aiki ne kawai idan runduna suna da adreshin IP na tsaye. Don haka tabbatar da cewa kun saita adiresoshin IP na tsaye don rundunonin Linux ɗinku ko nodes ɗin da ke gudanar da wasu tsarin aiki.

Don manufar wannan labarin, za mu yi amfani da yanki mai zuwa, sunayen baƙi da adiresoshin IP (amfani da ƙimar da suka shafi saitin gida).

Domain:     tecmint.lan
Host 1:     ubuntu.tecmint.lan	 192.168.56.1
Host 2:     centos.tecmint.lan	 192.168.56.10

Fahimtar Canjin Sabis na Suna a cikin Linux

Kafin matsawa gaba, yakamata ku fahimci ƴan abubuwa game da wani muhimmin fayil ɗin /etc/nsswitch.conf. Yana ba da aikin Canja Sabis na Suna wanda ke sarrafa tsarin da ake neman sabis ɗin don duba sabis ɗin suna.

Tsarin yana dogara ne akan tsari; idan fayiloli suna gaban dns yana nufin tsarin zai nemi fayil ɗin /etc/hosts kafin duba DNS don buƙatun sabis na suna. Amma idan DNS yana gaban fayiloli to tsarin binciken yanki zai fara tuntuɓar DNS kafin kowane sabis ko fayiloli masu dacewa.

A cikin wannan yanayin, muna so mu nemi sabis ɗin \fiyiloli Don bincika tsari, rubuta.

$ cat /etc/nsswitch.conf
OR
$ grep hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf

Sanya DNS a Gida Ta amfani da /etc/hosts Fayil a cikin Linux

Yanzu buɗe fayil ɗin /etc/hosts ta amfani da editan zaɓi kamar haka

$ sudo vi /etc/hosts

Sannan ƙara layin da ke ƙasa zuwa ƙarshen fayil ɗin kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton allo na ƙasa.

192.168.56.1   ubuntu.tecmint.lan
192.168.56.10  centos.tecmint.lan

Na gaba, gwada idan komai yana aiki da kyau kamar yadda ake tsammani, ta amfani da umarnin ping daga Mai watsa shiri 1, zaku iya ping Mai watsa shiri 2 ta amfani da sunan yankin kamar haka.

$ ping -c 4 centos.tecmint.lan 
OR
$ ping -c 4 centos

A kan Mai watsa shiri 2, muna da saitin uwar garken HTTP Apache. Don haka za mu iya gwada idan sabis ɗin fassarar suna yana aiki kamar haka ta zuwa URL http://centos.tecmint.lan.

Muhimmi: Don amfani da sunayen yanki akan kowane mai watsa shiri akan hanyar sadarwar, dole ne ku saita saitunan da ke sama a cikin fayil ɗin sa /etc/hosts.

Menene wannan ke nufi, a cikin misalin da ke sama, mun saita fayil ɗin runduna na Mai watsa shiri 1 kawai kuma za mu iya amfani da sunayen yanki kawai akan sa. Don amfani da sunaye iri ɗaya akan Mai watsa shiri 2, dole ne mu ƙara adireshi da sunaye zuwa fayil ɗin runduna kuma.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata ku yi amfani da umarnin nslookup don gwada idan sabis ɗin fassarar sunan yana aiki a zahiri, waɗannan umarnin kawai bincika DNS kuma ku kula da kowane saiti a cikin /etc/hosts da /etc/nsswitch.conf fayiloli.

Hakanan kuna iya son karanta waɗannan labarai masu alaƙa.

  1. Shigar kuma Sanya Sabar-Sabar DNS kawai a cikin RHEL/CentOS 7
  2. Shigar da Sabar Sabar DNS na Maimaituwa da Tsabtace Yankuna don Domain
  3. 8 Linux Nslookup Umurnin don Gyaran DNS (Sabar Sunan yanki)
  4. Misalan Umurnin 'Mai watsa shiri' masu fa'ida don neman Neman DNS

Shi ke nan! Ka raba wani ƙarin tunani ko tambayoyi game da wannan batu tare da mu, ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.