Yadda ake Matsar da Littafin Gida zuwa Sabon Partition ko Disk a cikin Linux

A kowane tsarin Linux, ɗayan kundayen adireshi waɗanda tabbas za su girma cikin girma dole ne ya zama kundin adireshi /gida. Wannan saboda tsarin asusun (masu amfani) kundayen adireshi za su zauna a/gida ban da tushen asusun - anan masu amfani za su ci gaba da adana takardu da sauran fayiloli.

Wani muhimmin kundin adireshi mai irin wannan hali shine /var, yana ƙunshe da fayilolin log waɗanda girmansu zai ƙaru a hankali yayin da tsarin ke ci gaba da gudana kamar fayilolin log, fayilolin yanar gizo, buga fayilolin spool da sauransu.

Lokacin da waɗannan kundayen adireshi suka cika, wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli masu mahimmanci akan tsarin fayil ɗin tushen wanda ya haifar da gazawar tsarin taya ko wasu batutuwa masu alaƙa. Koyaya, wani lokacin zaku iya lura da hakan kawai bayan shigar da tsarin ku da daidaita duk kundayen adireshi akan tsarin fayil/bangare.

A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu nuna yadda ake matsar da littafin adireshi zuwa cikin keɓewar bangare mai yiwuwa akan sabon faifan ajiya a Linux.

Shigarwa da Rarraba Sabon Hard Disk a cikin Linux

Kafin mu ci gaba, za mu ɗan yi bayanin yadda ake ƙara sabon rumbun kwamfyuta zuwa uwar garken Linux da ke da.

Lura: Idan kun riga kuna da ɓangaren da aka shirya don aiki, matsa zuwa sashin da ke bayanin matakan motsi /gida directory a cikin ɓangaren nasa a ƙasa.

Za mu ɗauka cewa kun haɗa sabon faifan zuwa tsarin. A kan babban faifai, adadin ɓangarori da za a ƙirƙira da kuma teburin ɓangaren yawanci ana ƙaddara ta nau'in lakabin diski kuma ƴan bytes na farko na sarari zai ayyana MBR (Master Boot Record) wanda ke adana tebur ɗin da kuma bootloader (don faifan bootable).

Kodayake akwai nau'ikan lakabi da yawa, Linux kawai yana karɓar biyu: MSDOS MBR (516 bytes a girman) ko GPT (Table Partition Table) MBR.

Bari kuma mu ɗauka cewa sabon sabon faifan diski (/ dev/sdb na girman 270 GB da aka yi amfani da shi don manufar wannan jagorar, mai yiwuwa kuna buƙatar babban iko akan sabar don babban tushen mai amfani.

Da farko kuna buƙatar rabuwa; mun yi amfani da sunan lakabin GPT a wannan misalin.

# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt

Lura: rabuwa yana goyan bayan alamun biyu.

Yanzu ƙirƙirar bangare na farko (/dev/sdb1) tare da girman 106GB. Mun tanadi 1024MB na sarari don MBR.

# parted -a cylinder /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1074MB 107GB

Yin bayanin umarnin da ke sama:

  • a - zaɓi don tantance daidaitawar bangare.
  • mkpart – sub umarni don ƙirƙirar bangare.
  • primary – yana saita nau'in bangare a matsayin na farko akan rumbun kwamfutarka (wasu dabi'u na ma'ana ko tsawo).
  • 1074MB - farkon bangare.
  • 107GB - ƙarshen bangare.

Yanzu duba sarari kyauta akan faifan kamar haka.

# parted /dev/sdb print free

Za mu ƙirƙiri wani bangare (/ dev/sdb2) tare da girman 154GB.

# parted -a cylinder /dev/sdb mkpart primary 115GB 268GB

Na gaba, bari mu saita nau'in tsarin fayil akan kowane bangare.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2

Don duba duk na'urorin ajiya da aka haɗe akan tsarin, rubuta.

# parted -l

Yanzu mun ƙara sabon faifai kuma mun ƙirƙiri sashin da ya dace; lokaci yayi da za a matsar da babban fayil ɗin gida zuwa ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarori. Don amfani da tsarin fayil, dole ne a ɗora shi zuwa tushen tsarin fayil a wani wuri mai tsayi: jagorar manufa kamar/gida.

Da farko jera amfani da tsarin fayil ta amfani da umarnin df akan tsarin.

# df -l

Za mu fara da ƙirƙirar sabon directory/srv/gida inda za mu iya hawa/dev/sdb1 na yanzu.

# mkdir -p /srv/home
# mount /dev/sdb1 /srv/home

Sa'an nan matsar da abun ciki na/gida zuwa/srv/gida (don haka za a adana su a zahiri a/dev/sdb1) ta amfani da umarnin cp.

# rsync -av /home/* /srv/home/
OR
# cp -aR /home/* /srv/home/

Bayan haka, za mu sami kayan aikin diff, idan duk yana da kyau, ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba.

# diff -r /home /srv/home

Bayan haka, share duk tsohon abun ciki a cikin /gida kamar haka.

# rm -rf /home/*

Na gaba zazzage /srv/home.

# umount /srv/home

A ƙarshe, dole ne mu hau tsarin fayil/dev/sdb1 zuwa/gida na ɗan lokaci.

# mount /dev/sdb1 /home
# ls -l /home

Canje-canjen da ke sama za su šauki kawai don taya na yanzu, ƙara layin da ke ƙasa a cikin /etc/fstab don yin canje-canje na dindindin.

Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don samun ɓangaren UUID.

# blkid /dev/sdb1

/dev/sdb1: UUID="e087e709-20f9-42a4-a4dc-d74544c490a6" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="52d77e5c-0b20-4a68-ada4-881851b2ca99"

Da zarar kun san ɓangaren UUID, buɗe fayil /etc/fstab ƙara layin da ke biyo baya.

UUID=e087e709-20f9-42a4-a4dc-d74544c490a6   /home   ext4   defaults   0   2

Yin bayanin filin a layin da ke sama:

  • UUID - yana ƙayyade na'urar toshewa, zaku iya amfani da fayil ɗin na'urar /dev/sdb1.
  • /gida - wannan shine wurin hawan dutse.
  • etx4 - yana bayyana nau'in tsarin fayil akan na'urar/bangare.
  • Defaults – Dutsen zažužžukan, (a nan wannan darajar tana nufin rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, da async).
  • 0 - ana amfani da kayan aikin juji, 0 ma'ana kar a zubar idan tsarin fayil ba ya nan.
  • 2 - wanda fsck Tool ke amfani dashi don gano tsarin bincika tsarin fayil, wannan ƙimar tana nufin bincika wannan na'urar bayan tsarin fayil ɗin tushen.

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma sake yi tsarin.

Kuna iya gudanar da bin umarni don ganin cewa an yi nasarar matsar da littafin adireshi zuwa cikin keɓaɓɓen bangare.

# df -hl

Shi ke nan a yanzu! Don ƙarin fahimta game da tsarin fayil na Linux, karanta ta waɗannan jagororin da suka shafi sarrafa tsarin fayil akan Linux.

  1. Yadda ake Share Accounts na Mai amfani da Littafin Gida a cikin Linux
  2. Mene ne Ext2, Ext3 & Ext4 da Yadda ake Ƙirƙiri da Maida Tsarin Fayil na Linux
  3. Hanyoyi 7 Don Ƙayyade Nau'in Tsarin Fayil a Linux (Ext2, Ext3 ko Ext4)
  4. Yadda ake Haɓaka Tsarin Fayil na Linux mai Nisa ko Jagorar Amfani da SSHFS Sama da SSH

A cikin wannan jagorar, mun bayyana muku yadda ake matsar da /gidan adireshi zuwa ɓangaren sadaukarwa a cikin Linux. Kuna iya raba kowane tunani game da wannan labarin ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.