Hanyoyi 10 masu Fa'ida don Rubuta Ingantattun Rubutun Bash a cikin Linux


tsarin gudanarwa don sarrafa ayyuka ta atomatik, haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki/kayan aiki mai sauƙi kawai don ambaton amma kaɗan.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu raba shawarwari 10 masu amfani da amfani don rubuta ingantattun rubutun bash kuma sun haɗa da:

1. Koyaushe Yi Amfani da Sharhi a Rubutun

Wannan kyakkyawan aiki ne wanda ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi akan rubutun harsashi ba amma duk wasu nau'ikan shirye-shirye. Rubuta sharhi a cikin rubutun yana taimaka muku ko wasu masu bibiyar rubutun ku fahimtar abin da sassa daban-daban na rubutun suke yi.

Don farawa, ana bayyana sharhi ta amfani da alamar #.

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2. Yi Fitar Rubutun Lokacin da Ya Kasa

Wani lokaci bash na iya ci gaba da aiwatar da rubutun koda lokacin da wani umarni ya gaza, don haka yana shafar sauran rubutun (na iya haifar da kurakurai masu ma'ana). Yi amfani da layin da ke ƙasa don fita rubutun lokacin da umarni ya gaza:

#let script exit if a command fails
set -o errexit 
OR
set -e

3. Yi Fitar Rubutun Lokacin da Bash yayi Amfani da Canjin da ba a bayyana ba

Bash na iya ƙoƙarin yin amfani da rubutun da ba a bayyana ba wanda zai iya haifar da kuskuren ma'ana. Don haka yi amfani da layin da ke gaba don umurtar bash don fita daga rubutun lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin yin amfani da canjin da ba a bayyana ba:

#let script exit if an unsed variable is used
set -o nounset
OR
set -u

4. Yi amfani da Quotes Biyu don Nuna Ma'anar Sauye-sauye

Yin amfani da ƙididdiga sau biyu yayin yin magana (amfani da ƙimar ma'auni) yana taimakawa wajen hana rarrabuwar kalmomi (game da sararin samaniya) da globbing mara amfani (gane da faɗaɗa katunan daji).

Duba misalin da ke ƙasa:

#!/bin/bash
#let script exit if a command fails
set -o errexit 

#let script exit if an unsed variable is used
set -o nounset

echo "Names without double quotes" 
echo
names="Tecmint FOSSMint Linusay"
for name in $names; do
        echo "$name"
done
echo

echo "Names with double quotes" 
echo
for name in "$names"; do
        echo "$name"
done

exit 0

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita, sannan ku gudanar da shi kamar haka:

$ ./names.sh

5. Yi amfani da ayyuka a cikin Rubutun

Sai dai ƙananan rubutun (tare da ƴan layukan lamba), koyaushe ku tuna amfani da ayyuka don daidaita lambar ku da sanya rubutun ya zama abin karantawa da sake amfani da su.

Ma'anar aikin rubutu shine kamar haka:

function check_root(){
	command1; 
	command2;
}

OR
check_root(){
	command1; 
	command2;
}

Don lambar layi ɗaya, yi amfani da haruffan ƙarewa bayan kowane umarni kamar haka:

check_root(){ command1; command2; }

6. Yi amfani da = maimakon == don Kwatancen Kirtani

Lura cewa == ma'ana ce ta = , saboda haka yi amfani da = ɗaya kawai don kwatancen kirtani, misali:

value1=”linux-console.net”
value2=”fossmint.com”
if [ "$value1" = "$value2" ]

7. Yi amfani da $(umurni) maimakon 'umurni' na gado don Sauyawa

Canjin umarni yana maye gurbin umarni tare da fitarwar sa. Yi amfani da & # 36 (umurni) maimakon kalmomin baya \umurni\ don musanya umarni.

Ana ba da shawarar wannan koda ta kayan aikin shellcheck (yana nuna gargaɗi da shawarwari don rubutun harsashi). Misali:

user=`echo “$UID”`
user=$(echo “$UID”)

8. Yi amfani da Karanta-kawai don ayyana Canje-canje a tsaye

A tsaye mai canzawa ba ya canzawa; Ƙimar sa ba za a iya canza shi ba da zarar an bayyana shi a cikin rubutun:

readonly passwd_file=”/etc/passwd”
readonly group_file=”/etc/group”

9. Yi Amfani da Sunaye Manyan Babba don Mabambantan Muhalli da Ƙananan Harka don Mabambantan Musamman

Duk masu canjin yanayi bash suna da suna da manyan haruffa, don haka yi amfani da ƙananan haruffa don suna masu canjin al'ada don guje wa rikice-rikicen suna:

#define custom variables using lowercase and use uppercase for env variables
nikto_file=”$HOME/Downloads/nikto-master/program/nikto.pl”
perl “$nikto_file” -h  “$1”

10. Koyaushe Yi Debugging don Dogayen Rubutu

Idan kuna rubuta rubutun bash tare da dubban layin lamba, gano kurakurai na iya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. Don gyara abubuwa cikin sauƙi kafin aiwatar da rubutun, yi wasu gyara kurakurai. Jagoran wannan tukwici ta karanta ta cikin jagororin da aka bayar a ƙasa:

  1. Yadda Ake Kunna Yanayin Gyaran Rubutun Shell a Linux
  2. Yadda Ake Yi Yanayin Gyaran Jumla a cikin Rubutun Shell
  3. Yadda ake Neman aiwatar da umarni a cikin Rubutun Shell tare da Binciken Shell

Shi ke nan! Shin kuna da wasu mafi kyawun ayyukan rubutun bash don rabawa? Idan eh, to, yi amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa don yin hakan.