Hanyoyi 10 masu ban sha'awa na Layin Umurnin Linux Dabaru da Tukwici masu cancantar Sani

Ina jin daɗin yin aiki tare da umarni yayin da suke ba da ƙarin iko akan tsarin Linux fiye da aikace-aikacen GUI (Masu amfani da hoto), don haka koyaushe ina kan sa ido don gano ko gano hanyoyin da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa don sanya Linux sauƙi da nishaɗi don aiki, da farko. daga tashar.

Yana da ban sha'awa koyaushe lokacin da muka gano sabbin dabaru ko dabaru yayin amfani da Linux musamman madaidaicin layin umarni kamar ni kaina.

Kuma jin son raba sabbin ayyuka ko umarni tare da miliyoyin masu amfani da Linux a waje, musamman sabbin sabbin waɗanda har yanzu ke kan hanyarsu ta wannan tsarin aiki mai ban sha'awa koyaushe yana farawa.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu sake nazarin dabaru da dabaru masu amfani da layin umarni waɗanda za su iya haɓaka ƙwarewar amfani da Linux ɗin ku sosai.

1. Kulle ko Ɓoye Fayil ko Rubutu a cikin Linux

Hanya mafi sauƙi ta kulle fayil ko kundin adireshi ita ce ta amfani da izinin fayil ɗin Linux. Idan mai mallakar fayil ko kundin adireshi, zaku iya toshe (cire karantawa, rubutawa da aiwatar da gata) sauran masu amfani da ƙungiyoyi daga samun damarsa kamar haka:

$ chmod 700 tecmint.info
OR
$ chmod go-rwx tecmint.info

Don ƙarin sani game da izinin fayil ɗin Linux, karanta wannan labarin Gudanar da Masu amfani & Ƙungiyoyi, Izinin Fayil & Halaye a cikin Linux.

Don ɓoye fayil/directory daga wasu masu amfani da tsarin, sake suna da (.) a farkon fayil ɗin ko kundin adireshi:

$ mv filename .tecmint.info

2. Fassara Izinin rwx zuwa Tsarin Octal a cikin Linux

Ta hanyar tsoho, lokacin da kuke gudanar da fassarar izinin rwx zuwa tsarin Octal a cikin Linux.

3. Yadda Ake Amfani da ‘su’ Lokacin da ‘sudo’ ya kasa

Kodayake ana amfani da umarnin sudo don aiwatar da umarni tare da gatan mai amfani, akwai lokutan da ya kasa yin aiki kamar a misalin da ke ƙasa.

Anan, ina so in kwashe abin da ke cikin babban fayil mai suna uptime.log amma aikin ya ci tura ko da lokacin da na yi amfani da sudo.

$ cat /dev/null >/var/log/uptime.log 
$ sudo cat /dev/null >/var/log/uptime.log

A irin wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar canzawa zuwa asusun mai amfani ta amfani da umarnin su don aiwatar da aiki kamar haka:

$ su
$ sudo cat /dev/null >/var/log/uptime.log
$ cat /var/log/uptime.log

Yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar bambanci tsakanin su da sudo, ƙari, karanta ta shafukan su na mutum don ƙarin jagororin:

$ man sudo
$ man su

4. Kashe Tsari a Linux

Wani lokaci lokacin da kake son dakatar da tsari ta amfani da kashe ko kashell ko pkill umarni, yana iya kasa yin aiki, ka gane cewa tsarin yana ci gaba da gudana akan tsarin.

Domin kashe wani tsari, aika da alamar -KILL zuwa gareshi.

Da farko ƙayyade ID ɗin tsarin sa sannan a kashe shi kamar haka:

$ pidof vlc
$ sudo kill -KILL 10279

Duba umarnin kashe don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan amfani da bayani.

5. Share Fayil na dindindin a cikin Linux

A al'ada, muna amfani da umarnin rm don share fayiloli daga tsarin Linux, duk da haka, waɗannan fayilolin ba sa share su gaba ɗaya, ana adana su kawai kuma a ɓoye su a cikin rumbun kwamfutarka kuma har yanzu ana iya dawo da waɗannan fayilolin a cikin Linux kuma wani mutum ya gani.

Don hana wannan, zamu iya amfani da umarnin shred wanda ke sake rubuta abun cikin fayil kuma yana share fayil ɗin kuma ba zaɓin zaɓi ba.

$ shred -zvu tecmint.pdf

Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin umarnin da ke sama:

-z - yana ƙara rubutu na ƙarshe tare da sifili don ɓoye shredding.
-u - yana taimakawa wajen yankewa da cire fayil bayan an sake rubutawa.
-v - yana nuna ci gaba.

Karanta ta shafin shred man don ƙarin umarnin amfani:

$ man shred

6. Sake sunan Fayiloli da yawa a cikin Linux

Kuna iya sake suna fayiloli da yawa a cikin Linux yayin tafiya ta hanyar kiran umarnin sake suna.

Yana sake suna sunan fayil ɗin da aka kawo bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida a cikin hujja ta farko.

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana sake suna duk fayilolin .pdf zuwa .doc, anan s/\.pdf$/\.doc/ shine ka'ida:

$ rename -v 's/\.pdf$/\.doc/' *.pdf

Misali na gaba yana sake suna duk fayilolin da suka dace da \*.bak\ don cire tsawaitawa, inda s/ .bak$// shine ka'ida.

7. Bincika Rubutun Kalmomi a Linux

Umurnin kallon yana nuna layin da suka fara da kirtani da aka bayar, zai iya taimaka maka bincika harafin kalma daga cikin layin umarni. Ko da yake ba shi da tasiri sosai kuma abin dogaro, duba har yanzu madadin mai amfani ne ga sauran masu duba rubutun kalmomi masu ƙarfi:

$ look linu
$ look docum

8. Nemo Bayanin Mahimman Kalma a Shafi na Manual

Ana amfani da umarnin mutum don nuna alamun shigarwar hannu na umarni, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da canjin -k, yana bincika gajerun kwatancen da sunayen shafi na hannun don mabuɗin printf (irin wannan. kamar yadda daidaita, apache da php a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa) azaman magana ta yau da kullun.

$ man -k adjust
$ man -k apache
$ man -k php

9. Watch Logs in Real-Time a Linux

Tare da umarnin wutsiya wanda ake amfani dashi don duba sassan ƙarshe na fayil, yana yiwuwa a kalli rikodin shigarwar log a cikin fayil ɗin log.

A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, zaku kalli fayil ɗin tantancewar tsarin. Bude windows tasha biyu, nuna fayil ɗin log ɗin don kallo a ainihin lokacin a cikin taga na farko kamar haka:

$ sudo watch tail /var/log/auth.log

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da umarnin wutsiya wanda ke nuna sassan ƙarshe na fayil. Tutarta ta -f tana ba da damar kallon canje-canje a cikin fayil a ainihin-lokaci, saboda haka yana yiwuwa a kalli rikodin shigarwar log a cikin fayil ɗin log.

$ sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log

Kuma gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa a cikin tashar ta biyu yayin da kuke lura da abun ciki na logfile daga taga ta farko:

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/test
$ sudo rm -rf /etc/test

10. Jera Duk Dokokin Shell da aka gina a ciki

Harsashi da aka gina a cikin umarni ne ko aiki, wanda ake kira daga ciki kuma ana aiwatar da shi kai tsaye a cikin harsashi da kansa, maimakon shirin aiwatarwa na waje wanda harsashin zai loda daga rumbun kwamfutarka kuma ya aiwatar.

Don jera duk abubuwan da aka gina harsashi da tsarin amfani da su, gudanar:

$ help

A matsayin bayanin ƙarshe, dabarun layin umarni da nasihu koyaushe suna zuwa da amfani kuma suna sa koyo da amfani da Linux mai sauƙi da daɗi musamman ga sabbin sababbin.

Hakanan zaka iya raba tare da mu wasu dabaru masu amfani da ban sha'awa na layin umarni ko tukwici a cikin Linux waɗanda kuka ci karo da su ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.