Yadda ake Duba Waɗanne Modulolin Apache An Kunna/Loaded a Linux


A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu ɗan yi magana game da sabar gidan yanar gizo ta Apache gaba-gaba da yadda ake jera ko duba waɗanne nau'ikan Apache aka kunna akan sabar ku.

An gina Apache, bisa ka'idar modularity, ta wannan hanya, yana bawa masu gudanar da sabar yanar gizo damar ƙara nau'o'i daban-daban don ƙaddamar da ayyukan farko da haɓaka aikin apache.

Wasu na gama-gari na Apache sun haɗa da:

  1. mod_ssl - wanda ke ba da HTTPS don Apache.
  2. mod_rewrite - wanda ke ba da damar daidaita tsarin url tare da maganganu na yau da kullun, da aiwatar da turawa ta hanyar amfani da dabaru na .htaccess, ko amfani da amsa lambar lambar HTTP.
  3. mod_security - wanda ke ba ku don kare Apache daga harin Brute Force ko DDoS.
  4. mod_status - wanda ke ba ku damar saka idanu akan nauyin sabar yanar gizo na Apache da ƙididdigar shafi.

A cikin Linux, ana amfani da umarnin apachectl ko apache2ctl don sarrafa mahaɗin uwar garken Apache HTTP, gaba-gaba ne zuwa Apache.

Kuna iya nuna bayanan amfani don apache2ctl kamar yadda ke ƙasa:

$ apache2ctl help
OR
$ apachectl help
Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                       [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
                       [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
                       [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in  directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files

apache2ctl na iya aiki a cikin hanyoyi biyu masu yiwuwa, yanayin shigar Sys V da yanayin wucewa. A cikin yanayin SysV init, apache2ctl yana ɗaukar umarni mai sauƙi, kalma ɗaya a cikin fom ɗin da ke ƙasa:

$ apachectl command
OR
$ apache2ctl command

Misali, don fara Apache da duba matsayinsa, gudanar da waɗannan umarni guda biyu tare da gata na tushen mai amfani ta hanyar amfani da umarnin sudo, idan kun kasance mai amfani na yau da kullun:

$ sudo apache2ctl start
$ sudo apache2ctl status
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 1456) already running
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status
Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1)

Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Server MPM: prefork
Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST
Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST
Parent Server Config. Generation: 2
Parent Server MPM Generation: 1
Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds
Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77
Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB
CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0
.000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request
1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers

__W__...........................................................
................................................................
......................

Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process

Kuma lokacin aiki a cikin yanayin wucewa, apache2ctl na iya ɗaukar duk gardamar Apache a cikin mahallin mai zuwa:

$ apachectl [apache-argument]
$ apache2ctl [apache-argument]

Ana iya jera duk maganganun Apache kamar haka:

$ apache2 help    [On Debian based systems]
$ httpd help      [On RHEL based systems]

Don haka, don bincika waɗanne kayayyaki ne aka kunna akan sabar gidan yanar gizon ku ta Apache, gudanar da umarni mai dacewa a ƙasa don rarraba ku, inda -t -D DUMP_MODULES hujja ce ta Apache don nuna duk kayan aikin da aka kunna/ lodi. :

---------------  On Debian based systems --------------- 
$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ apache2ctl -M
---------------  On RHEL based systems --------------- 
$ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ httpd -M
$ apache2ctl -M
 apachectl -M
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 mpm_prefork_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 auth_digest_module (shared)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_alias_module (shared)
 authn_anon_module (shared)
 authn_dbm_module (shared)
 authn_default_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_owner_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_dbm_module (shared)
 authz_default_module (shared)
 ldap_module (shared)
 authnz_ldap_module (shared)
 include_module (shared)
....

Shi ke nan! a cikin wannan koyawa mai sauƙi, mun bayyana yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin gaba-gaba na Apache don jera kayan aikin apache da aka kunna. Ka tuna cewa zaku iya tuntuɓar ta amfani da fom ɗin amsa da ke ƙasa don aiko mana da tambayoyinku ko sharhi game da wannan jagorar.