Yadda ake Bincika Jimlar MD5 na Fakitin Shigarwa a cikin Debian/Ubuntu Linux
Shin kun taɓa mamakin dalilin da yasa aka ba binary ko kunshin da aka sanya akan tsarin ku baya aiki bisa ga tsammaninku, ma'ana baya aiki daidai kamar yadda yakamata ayi, watakila ba zai iya fara faruwa ba kwata-kwata.
Yayin zazzage fakitin, ƙila ku fuskanci ƙalubale na haɗin yanar gizo mara tsayayye ko katsewar wutar lantarki da ba zato ba tsammani, wannan na iya haifar da shigar da gurɓataccen fakitin.
Yin la'akari da wannan a matsayin muhimmin abu don kiyaye fakitin da ba a lalata ba a kan tsarin ku, don haka mataki ne mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da fayilolin da ke cikin tsarin fayil a kan bayanin da aka adana a cikin kunshin ta amfani da labarin mai zuwa.
Yadda Ake Tabbatar Da Shigar Fakitin Debian Akan MD5 Checksums
A kan tsarin Debian/Ubuntu, zaku iya amfani da kayan aikin debsum don bincika jimlar MD5 na fakitin da aka shigar. Idan kuna son sanin bayanin game da fakitin debssum kafin shigar da shi, zaku iya amfani da APT-CACHE kamar haka:
$ apt-cache search debsums
Na gaba, shigar da shi ta amfani da umarnin da ya dace kamar haka:
$ sudo apt install debsums
Yanzu lokaci ya yi don koyon yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin debsum don tabbatar da MD5sum na fakitin da aka shigar.
Lura: Na yi amfani da sudo tare da duk umarnin da ke ƙasa saboda wasu fayiloli ƙila ba su karanta izini ga masu amfani na yau da kullun ba.
Bugu da ƙari, fitarwa daga umarnin debssum yana nuna maka wurin fayil a hagu da sakamakon binciken a dama. Akwai yiwuwar sakamako guda uku da za ku iya samu, sun haɗa da:
- Ok - yana nuna cewa jimlar MD5 na fayil yana da kyau.
- GASHI - yana nuna cewa jimlar MD5 na fayil bai dace ba.
- MUSA - yana nufin cewa an maye gurbin takamaiman fayil ɗin da wani fayil daga wani fakitin.
Lokacin da kuke gudanar da shi ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, debsums yana bincika kowane fayil akan tsarin ku akan fayilolin md5sum.
$ sudo debsums
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK /lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service OK /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.Accounts.service OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/README OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/TODO OK ....
Don ba da damar duba kowane fayil da fayilolin sanyi na kowane fakiti don kowane canje-canje, haɗa da zaɓin -a
ko --duk
zaɓi:
$ sudo debsums --all
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK ...
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a bincika fayil ɗin sanyi kawai ban da duk sauran fayilolin fakiti ta amfani da zaɓi -e
ko -config
zaɓi:
$ sudo debsums --config
/etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/accounts.google.com.conf OK /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Accounts.conf OK /etc/acpi/asus-keyboard-backlight.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-down OK /etc/acpi/ibm-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/tosh-wireless OK /etc/acpi/asus-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/lenovo-undock OK /etc/default/acpi-support OK /etc/acpi/events/ibm-wireless OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-on OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-off OK /etc/acpi/tosh-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-up OK /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad-cmos OK /etc/acpi/undock.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn OK /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh OK /etc/init.d/acpid OK /etc/init/acpid.conf OK /etc/default/acpid OK ...
Na gaba, don nuna fayilolin da aka canza kawai a cikin fitarwa na ɓarna, yi amfani da zaɓin -c
ko --canza
zaɓi. Ban sami wasu fayilolin da aka canza a cikin tsarina ba.
$ sudo debsums --changed
Umurni na gaba yana fitar da fayilolin da ba su da bayanin md5sum, a nan muna amfani da zaɓin -l
da --list-bacewar
zaɓi. A kan tsarina, umarnin ba ya nuna kowane fayil.
$ sudo debsums --list-missing
Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da adadin md5 na fakiti ɗaya ta hanyar tantance sunansa:
$ sudo debsums apache2
/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf OK /usr/sbin/a2enmod OK /usr/sbin/a2query OK /usr/sbin/apache2ctl OK /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper OK /usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase OK /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/a2enmod OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/PACKAGING.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/apache2.monit OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance OK /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 OK /usr/share/man/man1/a2query.1.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enconf.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enmod.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2ensite.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/apache2ctl.8.gz OK
Tsammanin cewa kuna gudanar da ɓarna a matsayin mai amfani na yau da kullun ba tare da sudo ba, zaku iya ɗaukar kurakuran izini azaman gargaɗi ta amfani da zaɓin --ingree-permissions
:
$ debsums --ignore-permissions
Yadda Ake Ƙirƙirar MD5 Sums daga Fayilolin Deb
Zaɓin -g
yana gaya wa kuɗi don samar da adadin MD5 daga abin da ke cikin bashi, inda:
- bace – umurci kuɗaɗen kuɗi don samar da jimillar MD5 daga bashin don fakitin da ba su samar da ɗaya ba.
- duk - yana ba da umarni ga ƙima don yin watsi da jimlar diski kuma a yi amfani da wanda ke cikin fayil ɗin bashi, ko aka samar daga gare ta idan babu.
- kiyaye – yana gaya wa ɓangarorin kuɗi don rubuta jimlar da aka fitar/var/lib/dpkg/info/package.md5sums fayil.
- nocheck - yana nufin ba a bincika jimlar da aka ciro/tallafi akan kunshin da aka shigar.
Lokacin da kuka kalli abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi /var/lib/dpkg/info/
, zaku ga md5sums na fayiloli daban-daban waɗanda ke kunshe kamar a hoton da ke ƙasa:
$ cd /var/lib/dpkg/info $ ls *.md5sums
a11y-profile-manager-indicator.md5sums account-plugin-facebook.md5sums account-plugin-flickr.md5sums account-plugin-google.md5sums accountsservice.md5sums acl.md5sums acpid.md5sums acpi-support.md5sums activity-log-manager.md5sums adduser.md5sums adium-theme-ubuntu.md5sums adwaita-icon-theme.md5sums aisleriot.md5sums alsa-base.md5sums alsa-utils.md5sums anacron.md5sums apache2-bin.md5sums apache2-data.md5sums apache2.md5sums apache2-utils.md5sums apg.md5sums apparmor.md5sums app-install-data.md5sums app-install-data-partner.md5sums ...
Ka tuna cewa amfani da zaɓin -g
iri ɗaya ne da --generate=ɓacewa
, zaku iya ƙoƙarin samar da jimlar md5 don kunshin apache2 ta hanyar gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.
$ sudo debsums --generate=missing apache2
Tun da kunshin apache2 akan tsarina ya riga yana da jimlar md5, zai nuna fitarwa a ƙasa, wanda yayi daidai da gudana:
$ sudo debsums apache2
Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka masu ban sha'awa da bayanin amfani, duba ta cikin shafin mutum na debsums.
$ man debsums
A cikin wannan labarin, mun raba yadda ake tabbatar da fakitin Debian/Ubuntu da aka shigar akan MD5 checksums, wannan na iya zama da amfani don gujewa shigarwa da aiwatar da ɓarna na binaries ko fayilolin fakiti akan tsarin ku ta hanyar duba fayilolin akan tsarin fayil akan bayanan da aka adana a ciki. kunshin.
Don kowace tambaya ko ra'ayi, yi amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa. A iya tunanin, zaku iya ba da shawarwari ɗaya ko biyu don inganta wannan post ɗin.