Koyi Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar da Tabbatar da Fayiloli tare da MD5 Checksum a Linux

Checksum adadi ne wanda ke aiki azaman jimlar daidaitattun lambobi a cikin bayanai, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su daga baya don gano kurakurai a cikin bayanan yayin ajiya ko watsawa. Za a iya amfani da jimlar MD5 (Message Digest 5) azaman abin dubawa don tabbatar da fayiloli ko kirtani a cikin tsarin fayil ɗin Linux.

MD5 Sums sune kirtani na haruffa 128-bit (lambobi da haruffa) sakamakon gudanar da algorithm na MD5 akan takamaiman fayil. Algorithm na MD5 sanannen aikin hash ne wanda ke haifar da narkar da saƙon 128-bit wanda ake magana da shi azaman ƙimar hash, kuma lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri ɗaya don takamaiman fayil, ba ya canzawa daidai akan kowace na'ura komai yawan lokutan da aka samar.

Yawancin lokaci yana da matukar wahala a sami fayiloli daban-daban guda biyu waɗanda ke haifar da kirtani iri ɗaya. Don haka, zaku iya amfani da md5sum don bincika amincin bayanan dijital ta hanyar tantance cewa fayil ko ISO da kuka zazzage kwafin bit-for-bit ne na fayil mai nisa ko ISO.

A cikin Linux, shirin md5sum yana ƙididdigewa kuma yana bincika ƙimar hash MD5 na fayil. Ya ƙunshi kunshin GNU Core Utilities, don haka ya zo da an riga an shigar dashi akan yawancin, idan ba duk rarrabawar Linux ba.

Dubi abubuwan da ke cikin /etc/group da aka adana azaman ƙungiyoyi.cvs a ƙasa.

root:x:0:
daemon:x:1:
bin:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:syslog,aaronkilik
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mail:x:8:
news:x:9:
uucp:x:10:
man:x:12:
proxy:x:13:
kmem:x:15:
dialout:x:20:
fax:x:21:
voice:x:22:
cdrom:x:24:aaronkilik
floppy:x:25:
tape:x:26:
sudo:x:27:aaronkilik
audio:x:29:pulse
dip:x:30:aaronkilik

Umurnin md5sums da ke ƙasa zai haifar da ƙimar hash don fayil ɗin kamar haka:

$ md5sum groups.csv

bc527343c7ffc103111f3a694b004e2f  groups.csv

Lokacin da kuka yi ƙoƙarin canza abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin ta cire layin farko, tushen: x: 0: sannan ku gudanar da umarni a karo na biyu, gwada kiyaye ƙimar hash:

$ md5sum groups.csv

46798b5cfca45c46a84b7419f8b74735  groups.csv

Za ku lura cewa ƙimar hash yanzu ta canza, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin sun canza.

Yanzu, mayar da layin farko na fayil ɗin, tushen:x:0: kuma sake suna zuwa group_file.txt kuma gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa don sake haifar da ƙimar hash:

$ md5sum groups_list.txt

bc527343c7ffc103111f3a694b004e2f  groups_list.txt

Daga abin da aka fitar a sama, ƙimar hash ɗin har yanzu iri ɗaya ce ko da lokacin da aka canza sunan fayil ɗin, tare da ainihin abun ciki.

Muhimmi: jimlar md5 tana tabbatarwa/aiki tare da abun cikin fayil maimakon sunan fayil.

Fayil groups_list.txt kwafi ne na groups.csv, don haka, yi ƙoƙarin samar da ƙimar hash na fayilolin a lokaci guda kamar haka.

Za ku ga cewa su duka suna da daidaitattun ƙimar zanta, wannan saboda suna da ainihin abun ciki iri ɗaya.

$ md5sum groups_list.txt  groups.csv 

bc527343c7ffc103111f3a694b004e2f  groups_list.txt
bc527343c7ffc103111f3a694b004e2f  groups.csv

Kuna iya tura ƙimar hash ɗin fayil (s) cikin fayil ɗin rubutu da adanawa, raba su tare da wasu. Don fayilolin guda biyu da ke sama, zaku iya ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa don tura ƙirƙira ƙimar hash cikin fayil ɗin rubutu don amfani daga baya:

$ md5sum groups_list.txt  groups.csv > myfiles.md5

Don bincika cewa fayilolin ba a canza su ba tun lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri checksum, gudanar da umarni na gaba. Ya kamata ku iya duba sunan kowane fayil tare da \Ok.

Zaɓin -c ko --check yana gaya wa umarnin md5sums don karanta jimlar MD5 daga fayilolin kuma duba su.

$ md5sum -c myfiles.md5

groups_list.txt: OK
groups.csv: OK

Ka tuna cewa bayan ƙirƙirar checksum, ba za ku iya sake suna fayilolin ba ko kuma ku sami kuskuren Babu irin wannan fayil ko kundin adireshi, lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da fayilolin da sabbin sunaye.

Misali:

$ mv groups_list.txt new.txt
$ mv groups.csv file.txt
$ md5sum -c  myfiles.md5

md5sum: groups_list.txt: No such file or directory
groups_list.txt: FAILED open or read
md5sum: groups.csv: No such file or directory
groups.csv: FAILED open or read
md5sum: WARNING: 2 listed files could not be read

Har ila yau, manufar tana aiki don kirtani iri ɗaya, a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa, -n yana nufin kar a fitar da sabon layin:

$ echo -n "Tecmint How-Tos" | md5sum - 

afc7cb02baab440a6e64de1a5b0d0f1b  -

$ echo -n "Tecmint How-To" | md5sum - 

65136cb527bff5ed8615bd1959b0a248  -

A cikin wannan jagorar, na nuna muku yadda ake samar da ƙimar hash don fayiloli, ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga don tabbatar da amincin fayil daga baya a cikin Linux. Kodayake an gano raunin tsaro a cikin MD5 algorithm, MD5 hashes har yanzu yana da amfani musamman idan kun amince da ƙungiyar da ta ƙirƙira su.

Tabbatar da fayiloli saboda haka muhimmin al'amari ne na sarrafa fayil akan tsarin ku don gujewa zazzagewa, adanawa ko raba gurbatattun fayiloli. A ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, kamar yadda aka saba tuntuɓar mu ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa don neman kowane taimako, kuna iya ba da wasu mahimman shawarwari don inganta wannan post ɗin.