Yadda ake Dutsen Tsarin Fayil na Linux mai nisa ko Directory Amfani da SSHFS akan SSH

Babban manufar rubuta wannan labarin shine don samar da jagorar mataki-mataki kan yadda ake hawan tsarin fayil ɗin Linux mai nisa ta amfani da abokin ciniki SSHFS akan SSH.

Wannan labarin yana da amfani ga waɗancan masu amfani da masu gudanar da tsarin waɗanda ke son hawan tsarin fayil mai nisa akan tsarin gida don kowane dalilai. Mun gwada kusan ta hanyar shigar da abokin ciniki na SSHFS akan ɗayan tsarin Linux ɗin mu kuma mun sami nasarar hawa tsarin fayil mai nisa.

Kafin mu ci gaba da shigarwa bari mu fahimci SSHFS da yadda yake aiki.

Menene SSHFS?

SSHFS tana tsaye ga abokin ciniki (Secure SHell FileSystem) wanda ke ba mu damar hawa tsarin fayil mai nisa kuma mu yi hulɗa tare da kundayen adireshi da fayiloli akan injin gida ta amfani da SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).

SFTP amintacciyar ka'idar canja wurin fayil ce wacce ke ba da damar shiga fayil, canja wurin fayil da fasalulluka sarrafa fayil akan ka'idar Secure Shell. Saboda SSH yana amfani da ɓoyewa yayin canja wurin fayiloli akan hanyar sadarwa daga kwamfuta ɗaya zuwa wata kwamfuta kuma SSHFS ya zo tare da ginanniyar FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) kernel module wanda ke ba duk masu amfani da ba su da gata damar ƙirƙirar tsarin fayil ɗin su ba tare da canza lambar kernel ba.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna muku yadda ake shigarwa da amfani da abokin ciniki na SSHFS akan kowane rarraba Linux don hawa tsarin fayil ɗin Linux mai nisa ko shugabanci akan injin Linux na gida.

Ta hanyar tsoho fakitin sshfs ba su wanzu akan duk manyan rarrabawar Linux, kuna buƙatar kunna ma'ajiyar epel a ƙarƙashin tsarin Linux ɗinku don shigar da sshfs tare da taimakon Yum umurnin tare da dogaronsu.

# yum install sshfs
# dnf install sshfs              [On Fedora 22+ releases]
$ sudo apt-get install sshfs     [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]

Da zarar an shigar da kunshin sshfs, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar kundin adireshin Dutsen inda zaku hau tsarin fayil ɗin nesa. Misali, mun ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi a ƙarƙashin /mnt/tecmint.

# mkdir /mnt/tecmint
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/tecmint     [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]

Da zarar kun ƙirƙiri kundin adireshin Dutsen ku, yanzu gudanar da umarni mai zuwa azaman tushen mai amfani don hawan tsarin fayil mai nisa a ƙarƙashin /mnt/tecmint. A cikin yanayin ku, kundin adireshin dutse zai zama komai.

Umurnin da ke biyowa zai hau kundin adireshi mai nisa da ake kira /home/tecmint a ƙarƙashin /mnt/tecmint a cikin tsarin gida. (Kada ka manta maye gurbin x.x.x.x tare da Adireshin IP naka da wurin hawan).

# sshfs [email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other [email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint     [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]

Idan an saita uwar garken Linux ɗinku tare da izinin tushen maɓallin SSH, to kuna buƙatar saka hanyar zuwa maɓallan jama'a kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin umarni mai zuwa.

# sshfs -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa [email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other,IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa [email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint     [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]

Idan kun gudanar da umarnin da ke sama cikin nasara ba tare da kurakurai ba, za ku ga jerin fayilolin nesa da kundayen adireshi da aka saka a ƙarƙashin /mnt/tecmint.

# cd /mnt/tecmint
# ls

 ls
12345.jpg                       ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2                Linux                                           news-closeup.xsl     s3.jpg
cmslogs                         gmd-latest.sql.tar.bz2               Malware                                         newsletter1.html     sshdallow
epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm     json-1.2.1                           movies_list.php                                 pollbeta.sql
ffmpeg-php-0.6.0                json-1.2.1.tgz                       my_next_artical_v2.php                          pollbeta.tar.bz2

Idan kun gudanar da umarnin df -hT za ku ga wurin hawan tsarin fayil mai nisa.

# df -hT

Filesystem                          Type        Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                                devtmpfs    730M     0  730M   0% /dev
tmpfs                               tmpfs       150M  4.9M  145M   4% /run
/dev/sda1                           ext4         31G  5.5G   24G  19% /
tmpfs                               tmpfs       749M  216K  748M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                               tmpfs       5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                               tmpfs       749M     0  749M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                               tmpfs       150M   44K  150M   1% /run/user/1000
[email :/home/tecmint fuse.sshfs  324G   55G  253G  18% /mnt/tecmint

Don hawan tsarin fayil mai nisa na dindindin, kuna buƙatar gyara fayil ɗin da ake kira /etc/fstab. Don yin haka, buɗe fayil ɗin tare da editan da kuka fi so.

# vi /etc/fstab
$ sudo vi /etc/fstab     [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]         

Je zuwa kasan fayil ɗin kuma ƙara layin da ke gaba gare shi sannan ka adana fayil ɗin sannan ka fita. Shigar da ke ƙasa yana hawa tsarin fayil ɗin uwar garken nesa tare da saitunan tsoho.

sshfs#[email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs defaults 0 0

Tabbatar cewa kun sami SSH Passwordless Login tsakanin sabobin don hawa tsarin fayil ta atomatik yayin sake kunna tsarin.

Idan an saita uwar garken ku tare da izinin tushen maɓallin SSH, to ƙara wannan layin:

sshfs#[email :/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa defaults 0 0

Na gaba, kuna buƙatar sabunta fayil ɗin fstab don nuna canje-canje.

# mount -a
$ sudo mount -a   [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]

Don cire tsarin fayil mai nisa, jun ba da umarni mai zuwa zai buɗe tsarin fayil mai nisa.

# umount /mnt/tecmint

Wannan ke nan a yanzu, idan kuna fuskantar kowace matsala ko kuna buƙatar kowane taimako wajen hawan tsarin fayil mai nisa, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu ta hanyar sharhi kuma idan kun ji wannan labarin yana da amfani sosai to raba shi tare da abokanka.