Smem - Yana ba da Rahoton Amfanin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Linux
Gudanar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya dangane da lura da amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya abu ne mai mahimmanci da za a yi akan tsarin Linux ɗin ku, akwai kayan aiki da yawa da ake da su don sa ido kan amfanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku waɗanda zaku iya samu akan rarraba Linux daban-daban. Amma suna aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban, a cikin wannan yadda ake shiryarwa, za mu dubi yadda ake shigar da amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki mai suna smem.
Smem kayan aiki ne na ba da rahoton ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na umarni wanda ke ba wa mai amfani rahotanni daban-daban akan amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya akan tsarin Linux. Akwai wani abu na musamman game da smem, ba kamar sauran kayan aikin ba da rahoton ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na gargajiya ba, yana ba da rahoton PSS (Madaidaicin Saiti Size), wakilci mafi ma'ana na amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta aikace-aikace da ɗakunan karatu a cikin saitin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Kayan aikin gargajiya da suka wanzu suna mayar da hankali musamman akan karanta RSS (Mazauni Set Size) wanda shine ma'auni na ma'auni don saka idanu akan amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na jiki, amma yana kula da ƙima da amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta aikace-aikace.
PSS a gefe guda, yana ba da ma'auni mai ma'ana ta hanyar tantance \tsarin-share na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aikace-aikace da ɗakunan karatu ke amfani da su a cikin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Kuna iya karanta wannan jagorar (game da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar RSS da PSS) don fahimtar yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tsarin Linux, amma bari mu ci gaba da kallon wasu fasalulluka na smem.
- Jerin duba tsarin tsari
- Jeri da kuma tacewa ta tsari, taswira ko mai amfani
- Amfani da bayanai daga /proc filesystem
- Tsarin ginshiƙan jeri daga tushen bayanai da yawa
- Raka'o'in fitarwa da kaso mai iya daidaitawa
- Sauƙi don saita masu kai da jimla a cikin jeri
- Amfani da hotunan hotuna daga madubin adireshi ko fayilolin tar da aka matsa
- Ingantacciyar hanyar samar da ginshiƙi
- Kayan aiki mara nauyi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin da aka saka
Yadda ake Shigar Smem - Kayan Aikin Rahoton Ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin Linux
Kafin ka ci gaba da shigarwa na smem, tsarinka dole ne ya cika waɗannan buƙatun:
- kwaya ta zamani (> 2.6.27 ko makamancin haka)
- sabon sigar Python (2.4 ko makamancin haka)
- laburaren matplotlib na zaɓi don tsara tsararru
Yawancin rarraba Linux na yau suna zuwa tare da sabon tsarin Kernel tare da tallafin Python 2 ko 3, don haka kawai abin da ake buƙata shine shigar da ɗakin karatu na matplotlib wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da kyawawan sigogi.
Da farko ba da damar ma'ajiyar EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) sannan a saka kamar haka:
# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
$ sudo apt-get install smem
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
Yi amfani da wannan ma'ajiyar AUR.
Yadda ake Amfani da Smem - Kayan Aikin Rahoton Ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin Linux
Don duba rahoton amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a duk tsarin, ta duk masu amfani da tsarin, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:
$ sudo smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 165 1780 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 178 1832 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 179 1916 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 184 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 187 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 187 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 188 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 196 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 196 2136 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 236 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 326 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 333 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 334 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 343 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 351 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 371 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 378 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 386 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 427 2132 2960 tecmint /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin 0 480 485 992 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 1559 avahi avahi-daemon: running [tecm 0 284 517 3108 7289 postfix pickup -l -t unix -u -c 0 288 534 2808 2135 root /usr/lib/postfix/master 0 352 576 2872 2436 postfix qmgr -l -t unix -u 0 360 606 2884 1521 root /lib/systemd/systemd-logind 0 600 650 3276 2222 nobody /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso 0 604 669 3288 ....
Lokacin da mai amfani na yau da kullun yana gudanar da smem, yana nuna amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar tsari wanda mai amfani ya fara, ana tsara matakan don ƙara PSS.
Dubi abubuwan da ke ƙasa akan tsarina don amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyoyin da aka fara da mai amfani aaronkilik:
$ smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 166 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 3122 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd 0 656 801 5552 3471 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 708 864 5992 3396 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu 0 804 914 6204 3208 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i 0 892 1012 6188 3380 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu 0 820 1024 6396 3034 tecmint //bin/dbus-daemon --fork -- 0 920 1081 3040 3365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2- 0 972 1099 6052 3228 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash - 0 980 1153 6648 3107 tecmint /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic 0 1212 1283 5376 6399 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/chrome - 0 144 1409 10732 3478 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g 0 1724 1820 6320 7365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http -- 0 1352 1884 8704 6937 tecmint /opt/libreoffice5.0/program 0 1140 2328 5040 3194 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p 0 1956 2405 14228 6373 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel 0 2324 2541 8908 3313 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2- 0 2460 2754 8736 3464 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 2684 2823 7920 5771 tecmint ssh -p 4521 [email 0 2544 2864 6540 5759 tecmint /bin/bash 0 2416 2923 5640 3541 tecmint /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi 0 2584 3008 7248 7657 tecmint bash 0 2516 3055 6028 3127 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r 0 3024 3126 8032 3205 tecmint mate-screensaver 0 2520 3331 18072 3171 tecmint /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific 0 2860 3495 17140 3030 tecmint x-session-manager 0 4400 4879 17500 3197 tecmint mate-volume-control-applet 0 3860 5226 23736 ...
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yin kira yayin amfani da smem, misali, don duba yawan yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tsarin, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:
$ sudo smem -w
Area Used Cache Noncache firmware/hardware 0 0 0 kernel image 0 0 0 kernel dynamic memory 1425320 1291412 133908 userspace memory 2215368 451608 1763760 free memory 4424936 4424936 0
Don duba amfanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya akan kowane mai amfani, gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1396 1419 3232 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323876 353418 496520 tecmint 64 0 1652888 1815699 2763112
Hakanan zaka iya ba da rahoton amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta taswira kamar haka:
$ sudo smem -m
Map PIDs AVGPSS PSS /dev/fb0 1 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac 15 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p 9 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p 9 0 0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo 41 0 0 /usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme. 15 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43 20 0 0 ....
Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don tace kayan aikin smem kuma zamu kalli misalai biyu anan.
Don tace fitarwa ta sunan mai amfani, kira -u ko --userfilter=\regex\ zaɓi kamar yadda ke ƙasa:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1400 1423 3236 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323804 353374 496552 tecmint 64 0 1708900 1871766 2819212
Don tace fitarwa ta sunan tsari, kira -P ko --processfilter=\regex\ zaɓi kamar haka:
$ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox"
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 9212 root sudo smem --processfilter=f 0 1172 1434 4856 9213 root /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm 0 7368 7793 11984 4424 tecmint /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 0 931732 937590 961504
Tsarin fitarwa na iya zama mahimmanci sosai, kuma akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don taimaka muku tsara rahotannin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma za mu ɗauki ɗan misalai kaɗan a ƙasa.
Don nuna ginshiƙan da ake so a cikin rahoton, yi amfani da -c ko --ginshiƙan zaɓi kamar haka:
$ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss"
Name User PSS RSS cat tecmint 145 1784 cat tecmint 147 1676 ck-launch-sessi tecmint 165 1780 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 178 1832 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 179 1916 getty root 184 2052 getty root 187 2060 getty root 187 2060 getty root 188 2124 getty root 196 2064 getty root 196 2136 sh tecmint 224 1540 acpid root 236 1604 syndaemon tecmint 296 2560 rtkit-daemon rtkit 326 2548 cron root 333 2344 avahi-daemon avahi 334 1632 irqbalance root 343 2096 upstart-socket- root 351 1820 dbus-launch tecmint 360 2160 upstart-file-br root 371 1776 xdm root 378 2368 kerneloops kernoops 386 2684 upstart-udev-br root 427 2132 ssh-agent tecmint 485 992 ...
Kuna iya kiran zaɓin -p don ba da rahoton amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin kaso, kamar a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa:
$ sudo smem -p
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
6368 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1588 root cron 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
....
Umurnin da ke ƙasa zai nuna jimlar a ƙarshen kowane ginshiƙi na fitarwa:
$ sudo smem -t
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0 100 139 1784
6368 tecmint cat 0 100 141 1676
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0 96 158 1508
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 163 1780
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 108 170 1540
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1916
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1832
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 181 2052
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 184 2060
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 184 2060
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 185 2124
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 193 2064
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 193 2136
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 232 1604
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 260 298 2564
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 324 2548
1588 root cron 0 292 326 2344
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 332 1632
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 340 2096
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 349 1820
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 359 2160
1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 370 1776
2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 375 2368
1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 384 2684
344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 426 2132
.....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134 11 0 2171428 2376266 3587972
Ƙari ga haka, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don rahotannin hoto waɗanda kuma za ku iya amfani da su kuma za mu nutse cikin su a cikin wannan ƙaramin sashe.
Kuna iya samar da jadawali na tsari da ƙimar su na PSS da RSS, a cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, muna samar da jadawali na matakai mallakar tushen mai amfani.
Jirgin sama na tsaye yana nuna ma'aunin tsari na PSS da RSS kuma jirgin sama na kwance yana wakiltar kowane tushen mai amfani:
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss"
Hakanan zaka iya samar da taswirar kek da ke nuna matakai da yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar su dangane da ƙimar PSS ko RSS. Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana fitar da ginshiƙi na kek don matakai mallakar tushen ma'aunin ma'auni.
Sunan --pie yana nufin lakabi da suna kuma zaɓin -s yana taimakawa wajen daidaitawa ta ƙimar PSS.
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss
Akwai wasu sanannun filayen ban da PSS da RSS da aka yi amfani da su don yin alama:
Don samun taimako, a sauƙaƙe rubuta, smem -h ko ziyarci shafin shigarwa na hannu.
Za mu tsaya a nan tare da smem, amma don fahimtar shi da kyau, yi amfani da shi tare da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa waɗanda za ku iya samu a cikin shafin mutum. Kamar yadda kuka saba zaku iya amfani da sashin sharhi na kasa don bayyana kowane tunani ko damuwa.
Bayanan Bayani: https://www.selenic.com/smem/