Saita Asalin Recursive Caching DNS Server da Sanya Yankuna don Domain

Ka yi tunanin yadda zai kasance idan mun tuna da adiresoshin IP na duk gidajen yanar gizon da muke amfani da su a kullum. Ko da muna da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tsarin yin lilo zuwa gidan yanar gizon zai zama abin ba'a da jinkiri kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci.

Kuma menene game da idan muna buƙatar ziyartar gidajen yanar gizo da yawa ko amfani da aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin injin iri ɗaya ko mai masaukin baki? Wannan zai zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin ciwon kai da zan iya tunanin - ba tare da ambaton yiwuwar cewa adireshin IP da ke hade da shafin yanar gizon ko aikace-aikacen za a iya canza ba tare da sanarwa ba.

Kawai tunanin hakan zai zama isashen dalili na daina amfani da Intanet ko hanyoyin sadarwa na ciki bayan ɗan lokaci.

Wannan shine ainihin abin da duniyar da ba ta da Tsarin Sunan Domain (wanda kuma aka sani da DNS) zai kasance. Abin farin ciki, wannan sabis ɗin yana warware duk batutuwan da aka ambata a sama - ko da dangantakar dake tsakanin adireshin IP da suna sun canza.

Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu koyi yadda ake daidaitawa da amfani da uwar garken DNS mai sauƙi, sabis ɗin da zai ba da damar fassara sunayen yanki zuwa adiresoshin IP da kuma akasin haka.

Gabatar da Ƙaddamar Sunan DNS

Don ƙananan cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ba su da sauye-sauye akai-akai, ana iya amfani da fayil ɗin /etc/hosts azaman hanyar sahihanci na sunan yankin zuwa ƙudurin adireshin IP.

Tare da tsari mai sauƙi, wannan fayil yana ba mu damar haɗa suna (da/ko laƙabi) tare da adireshin IP kamar haka:

[IP address] [name] [alias(es)]

Misali,

192.168.0.1 gateway gateway.mydomain.com
192.168.0.2 web web.mydomain.com

Don haka, zaku iya isa ga injin gidan yanar gizon ko dai ta sunanta, web.mydomain.com alias, ko adireshin IP ɗin sa.

Don manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa ko waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin canje-canje akai-akai, yin amfani da fayil ɗin /etc/hosts don warware sunayen yanki cikin adiresoshin IP ba zai zama mafita mai karɓuwa ba. A nan ne buƙatun sabis na sadaukarwa ke shigowa.

Ƙarƙashin murfin, uwar garken DNS yana tambayar babban bayanai a cikin hanyar bishiya, wanda ke farawa daga tushen (\) zone.

Hoton da ke gaba zai taimake mu mu kwatanta:

A cikin hoton da ke sama, tushen (.) zone yana ƙunshe da com, edu, da net domains. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan yankuna (ko za a iya) ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ne ke sarrafa su don gujewa dogaro da babba, na tsakiya. Wannan yana ba da damar rarraba buƙatun yadda ya kamata a cikin tsarin matsayi.

Bari mu ga abin da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin hular:

1. Lokacin da abokin ciniki yayi tambaya zuwa uwar garken DNS don web1.sales.me.com, uwar garken yana aika tambayar zuwa sama (tushen) uwar garken DNS, wanda ke nuna tambayar zuwa uwar garken suna a cikin .com yankin .

Wannan, bi da bi, yana aika tambayar zuwa uwar garken suna na gaba (a cikin yankin me.com), sannan zuwa sales.me.com. Ana maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa kamar yadda ake buƙata har sai an dawo da FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name, web1.sales.me.com a cikin wannan misalin) ta hanyar uwar garken sunan yankin da yake.

2. A cikin wannan misalin, uwar garken suna a cikin sales.me.com. yana amsa adireshin web1.sales.me.com kuma ya dawo da sunan yankin da ake so-IP Association da sauran bayanai kuma (idan an saita su don yin haka).

Duk waɗannan bayanan ana aika su zuwa asalin uwar garken DNS, wanda sannan ya mayar da shi ga abokin ciniki wanda ya buƙace shi da farko. Don guje wa maimaita matakan guda don tambayoyin iri ɗaya na gaba, ana adana sakamakon tambayar a cikin uwar garken DNS.

Waɗannan su ne dalilan da ya sa aka fi sanin wannan nau'in saitin da recursive, caching DNS server.