Yadda ake Sanya Iyakoki don Tsarukan Gudun Mai Amfani a cikin Linux

Ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan Linux shine cewa zaku iya sarrafa kusan komai game da shi. Wannan yana ba mai gudanar da tsarin babban iko akan tsarinsa da mafi kyawun amfani da albarkatun tsarin.

Duk da yake wasu ba su taɓa tunanin yin wannan ba, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa a cikin Linux za ku iya iyakance yawan albarkatun da mai amfani ɗaya zai iya amfani da shi kuma na tsawon lokaci.

A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren maudu'i, za mu nuna muku yadda ake iyakance adadin hanyoyin da mai amfani ya fara da kuma yadda ake bincika iyakoki na yanzu da gyara su.

Kafin mu ci gaba akwai abubuwa guda biyu da ya kamata mu yi nuni:

1. Kuna buƙatar samun tushen tushen tsarin ku don canza iyakokin mai amfani
2. Dole ne ku yi taka-tsan-tsan idan kuna shirin gyara waɗannan iyakoki

Don saita iyakoki na mai amfani, za mu buƙaci gyara fayil mai zuwa:

/etc/security/limits.conf

Ana amfani da wannan fayil ɗin don aiwatar da ulimit wanda pam_module ya ƙirƙira.

Fayil ɗin yana da ma'ana mai zuwa:

<domain> <type> <item> <value>

Anan za mu tsaya don tattauna kowane zaɓin:

• Yanki - wannan ya haɗa da sunayen masu amfani, ƙungiyoyi, jeri na jagora da sauransu
• Nau'i - iyakoki masu taushi da wuya
• Abu - abin da za a iyakance shi - girman ainihin, girman fayil,  nproc da sauransu
• darajar - wannan shine ƙimar iyakar da aka bayar

Kyakkyawan samfurin ga iyaka shine:

@student          hard           nproc                20

Layin da ke sama yana saita ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari guda 20 akan rukunin \dalibi.

Idan kana son ganin iyakokin wani tsari zaka iya kawai cat fayil ɗin iyaka kamar haka:

# cat /proc/PID/limits

Inda PID shine ainihin ID ɗin tsari, zaku iya gano id ɗin tsari ta amfani da umarnin ps. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, karanta labarinmu wanda ya ce - Nemo Tsare-tsaren Linux Gudun da Sanya Iyakoki na Matsayin Mai Amfani

To ga misali:

# cat /proc/2497/limits

Limit                     Soft Limit           Hard Limit           Units     
Max cpu time              unlimited            unlimited            seconds   
Max file size             unlimited            unlimited            bytes     
Max data size             unlimited            unlimited            bytes     
Max stack size            8388608              unlimited            bytes     
Max core file size        0                    unlimited            bytes     
Max resident set          unlimited            unlimited            bytes     
Max processes             32042                32042                processes 
Max open files            1024                 4096                 files     
Max locked memory         65536                65536                bytes     
Max address space         unlimited            unlimited            bytes     
Max file locks            unlimited            unlimited            locks     
Max pending signals       32042                32042                signals   
Max msgqueue size         819200               819200               bytes     
Max nice priority         0                    0                    
Max realtime priority     0                    0                    
Max realtime timeout      unlimited            unlimited            us   

Duk layin suna bayyana kansu sosai. Koyaya idan kuna son nemo ƙarin saitunan da zaku iya shigar da su cikin fayil limits.conf, zaku iya duba jagorar da aka bayar anan.

Idan kuna da tambayoyi ko sharhi, da fatan za ku yi jinkirin ƙaddamar da su a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.