Yadda ake haɓakawa daga Ubuntu 15.10 zuwa Ubuntu 16.04 akan Desktop and Server Editions

Ubuntu 16.04, codename Xenial Xerus, tare da Dogon Taimakon Dogon An fito da shi bisa hukuma yau a cikin daji don Desktop, Server, Cloud da Mobile. Canonical ya sanar da cewa tallafin hukuma na wannan sigar zai kasance har zuwa 2021.

Daga cikin gyare-gyaren kwaro da yawa da fakitin da aka sabunta, Ubuntu 16.04 ya zo tare da sabbin abubuwa masu zuwa akan sigar uwar garken:

  1. Linux kernel 4.4
  2. OpenSSH 7.2p2 (SSH sigar 1 yarjejeniya an cire gaba ɗaya tare da goyan bayan musanya maɓallin DH 1024-bit)
  3. Apache da Nginx tare da tallafin PHP 7.0
  4. Python 3.5
  5. LXD 2.0
  6. Docker 1.10
  7. libvirt 1.3.1
  8. qemu 2.5
  9. Apt 1.2
  10. GNU Toolchain ( glib 2.23, bindutils 2.2, GCC 5.3)
  11. OpenStack Mitaka
  12. VSwitch 2.5.0
  13. Nginx 1.9.15 tare da tallafin HTTP/2
  14. MySQL 5.7
  15. Tallafin tsarin fayil na ZFS

Gefen nau'in tebur ɗin ya zo tare da fa'idodi masu zuwa:

  1. Haɗin kai 7
  2. An maye gurbin Cibiyar Software na Ubuntu da Gnome Software
  3. An cire Brasero da Tausayi
  4. An kashe binciken dash akan layi
  5. Ana iya matsar da ƙaddamarwa zuwa ƙasa
  6. LibreOffice 5.1
  7. Ayyukan gyaran kwaro da yawa
  8. Firefox 45

Wannan koyawa za ta jagorance ku kan yadda zaku haɓaka daga Ubuntu 15.10, Desktop da Server, zuwa sabon sigar Ubuntu, 16.04, daga layin umarni.

Ya kamata ku sani cewa tsarin haɓakawa daga tsohuwar sigar zuwa sabon salo koyaushe yana haɗa da wasu haɗari da asarar bayanai ko na iya karya tsarin ku ko sanya shi cikin yanayin gazawa.

Don haka, koyaushe yin ajiyar mahimman bayanan ku kafin ku ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin kuma koyaushe gwada tsari akan tsarin da ba a samarwa ba.

Haɓaka Fakitin Tsari

1. Kafin a ci gaba da aikin haɓakawa da farko tabbatar cewa kuna da sabbin fakiti daga sakin ku na yanzu da aka sanya akan tsarin ku ta hanyar ba da umarni na ƙasa akan Terminal:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

2. Na gaba, tabbatar cewa kun haɓaka tsarin tare da sabbin abubuwan dogaro da kernels ko fakiti waɗanda ke riƙe da baya ta umarnin sabuntawa ta hanyar bin umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. A ƙarshe, bayan aikin sabuntawa ya ƙare, fara cire software na junk daga na'urar ku don yantar da sararin diski ta hanyar ba da umarni na ƙasa:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get clean

Wannan zai cire duk fakitin bashi a baya da aka adana a /var/cache/apt/ archive/ directory da kuma abubuwan da ba dole ba, fakiti, tsoffin kernels ko ɗakunan karatu.

Da zarar an shirya tsarin don haɓakawa ya kamata ku sake kunna tsarin bayan aikin haɓakawa don yin taya tare da sabon kwaya.

Haɓaka zuwa Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop

4. Kafin fara aiwatar da haɓakawa zuwa sabon sigar Ubuntu, tabbatar cewa kunshin sabuntawa-manager-core, wanda shine kayan aikin da aka ba da shawarar da Canonical don haɓaka sigar, an shigar dashi akan tsarin ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

5. Yanzu, fara haɓakawa tare da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

$ sudo do-release-upgrade

6. Bayan jerin tsarin dubawa da gyare-gyaren fayil ɗin kayan aiki zai sanar da ku game da duk canje-canjen tsarin kuma zai tambaye ku ko kuna son ci gaba ko duba dalla-dalla game da tsarin haɓakawa. Buga y akan faɗakarwa don ci gaba da haɓakawa.

7. Dangane da haɗin Intanet ɗin ku tsarin haɓakawa yakamata ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci. A halin yanzu za a zazzage fakitin akan tsarin ku kuma a sanya su.

Hakanan, ana iya tambayar ku ta sabuntawa-manajan-core ko kuna son sake kunna sabis ta atomatik kuma ko maye gurbin fayil ɗin sanyi don fakiti tare da sabon sigar.

Ya kamata ku amsa da e don sake kunna sabis amma yana da aminci don adana tsoffin fayilolin sanyi don sabbin fakitin da aka shigar idan har baku yi tanadin waɗannan fayilolin conf ba. Har ila yau, ya kamata a yi zaman lafiya a cire tsofaffin fakitin ta hanyar buga y akan saurin mu'amala.

8. A ƙarshe, bayan aikin haɓakawa ya ƙare tare da nasara mai sakawa zai sanar da ku cewa tsarin yana buƙatar sake kunnawa don amfani da canje-canje da kuma kammala duk aikin haɓakawa. Amsa da e don ci gaba.

9. Bayan sake farawa, tsarin yakamata ya tashi zuwa sabon ingantaccen rarrabawar Ubuntu, 16.04. Don tabbatar da sakin rarraba ku fitar da umarnin da ke ƙasa akan tasha.

$ uname –a
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
$ cat /etc/issue.net
$ cat /etc/debian_version

10. Idan kun fi son tabbatar da sakin rarrabawar ku daga GUI, buɗe System Setting kuma je zuwa Details tab.

Haɓaka zuwa uwar garken Ubuntu 16.04

11. Hakanan matakan da aka bayyana anan ana iya amfani da su akan sakin Ubuntu Server shima. Koyaya, idan tsarin haɓakawa ya yi nesa daga haɗin SSH ƙarin tsarin SSH don dawo da shi za a fara muku kai tsaye akan tashar jiragen ruwa 1022 idan akwai gazawar tsarin.

Kawai don zama amintaccen haɗi zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar SSH akan tashar jiragen ruwa 1022 kuma, amma ba kafin ku ƙara dokar tacewar zaɓi ba don samar da haɗin haɗin don yunƙurin waje, idan tacewar ta tashi tana gudana, kamar yadda aka kwatanta akan hotunan kariyar da ke ƙasa. .

$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d

12. Bayan kun yi haɗin SSH na biyu akan uwar garken ku, ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin kamar yadda aka saba. Bayan aikin haɓakawa ya ƙare, sake kunna injin kuma aiwatar da tsaftace tsarin ta hanyar ba da umarni na ƙasa:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get clean

Shi ke nan! Ji daɗin Ubuntu 16.04 akan kwamfutarka, ko tebur ne ko sabar.