ifconfig vs ip: Menene Bambanci da Kwatanta Kanfigareshan hanyar sadarwa


Rarraba tushen Linux sun fito da saitin umarni waɗanda ke ba da hanya don saita hanyar sadarwa cikin sauƙi da ƙarfi ta hanyar layin umarni. Waɗannan saitin umarni suna samuwa daga kunshin kayan aikin net wanda ya daɗe a wurin akan kusan duk rarrabawa, kuma ya haɗa da umarni kamar: ifconfig, hanya, nameif, iwconfig, iptunnel, netstat, arp.

Waɗannan dokokin sun isa kawai wajen daidaita hanyar sadarwar ta hanyar da kowane novice ko ƙwararren mai amfani da Linux zai so, amma saboda ci gaba a cikin kernel Linux a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma ba a iya kiyaye wannan tsarin umarni na fakitin, suna raguwa kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. madadin wanda ke da ikon maye gurbin duk waɗannan umarnin yana fitowa.

Wannan madadin kuma ya kasance a can na ɗan lokaci yanzu kuma yana da ƙarfi fiye da kowane ɗayan waɗannan umarni. Sauran sassan za su haskaka wannan madadin kuma su kwatanta shi da ɗaya daga cikin umarni daga fakitin kayan aikin net watau ifconfig.

ip - Sauyawa don ifconfig

ifconfig ya kasance a can na dogon lokaci kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi don daidaitawa, nunawa da sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar mutane da yawa, amma sabon madadin yanzu yana samuwa akan rarraba Linux wanda ya fi shi karfi. Wannan madadin shine umarni ip daga kunshin iproute2util.

Kodayake wannan umarni na iya zama kamar ɗan rikitarwa a rukunin farko amma yana da faɗi sosai a cikin aiki fiye da ifconfig. An tsara shi da aiki akan nau'i biyu na Networking Stack watau Layer 2 (Link Layer), Layer 3 (IP Layer) kuma yana yin aikin duk umarnin da aka ambata a sama daga fakitin kayan aiki.

Duk da yake ifconfig galibi yana nunawa ko canza mu'amalar tsarin, wannan umarni yana da ikon yin ayyuka masu zuwa:

  1. Nunawa ko Gyara Kaddarorin Sadarwa.
  2. Ƙara, Cire Ma'ajin Ma'ajiyar ARP tare da ƙirƙirar sabon shigarwar ARP a tsaye don mai masaukin baki.
  3. Bayyana adiresoshin MAC masu alaƙa da duk hanyoyin sadarwa.
  4. Nunawa da gyaggyarawa teburan kwaya.

Ofaya daga cikin babban abin haskakawa wanda ke raba shi da tsohon takwaransa na ifconfig shine na ƙarshe yana amfani da ioctl don daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin ƙimar hanyar hulɗa tare da kernel yayin da tsohon yana amfani da injin soket ɗin netlink don iri ɗaya wanda shine mafi sauƙin maye gurbin. na ioctl don sadarwa tsakanin kernel da sararin mai amfani ta amfani da rtnetlink (wanda ke ƙara damar yin amfani da mahallin hanyar sadarwa).

Yanzu za mu iya fara haskaka fasalulluka na ifconfig da kuma yadda ake maye gurbin su da kyau ta hanyar ip.

ip vs ifconfig Umurnin

Sashe mai zuwa yana haskaka wasu umarni na ifconfig da maye gurbinsu ta amfani da umarnin ip:

Anan, fasalin bambanta tsakanin ip da ifconfig shine yayin da ifconfig kawai yana nuna musanya masu kunnawa, ip yana nuna duk musaya ko an kunna ko kashe.

$ ifconfig
$ ip a

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana ba da adireshin IP 192.168.80.174 zuwa dubawa eth0.

# ifconfig eth0 add 192.168.80.174

Syntax don ƙara/cire dubawa ta amfani da umarnin ifconfig:

# ifconfig eth0 add 192.168.80.174
# ifconfig eth0 del 192.168.80.174
# ip a add 192.168.80.174 dev eth0

Syntax don ƙara/cire dubawa ta amfani da umarnin ip:

# ip a add 192.168.80.174 dev eth0
# ip a del 192.168.80.174 dev eth0

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana saita adireshin hardware don dubawa eth0 zuwa ƙimar da aka ƙayyade a cikin umarnin. Ana iya tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar duba ƙimar HWaddr a cikin fitar da umarnin ifconfig.

Anan, haɗin haɗin don ƙara adireshin MAC ta amfani da umarnin ifconfig:

# ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0c:29:33:4e:aa

Anan, haɗin haɗin don ƙara adireshin MAC ta amfani da umarnin ip:

# ip link set dev eth0 address 00:0c:29:33:4e:aa

Baya ga saita adireshin IP ko adireshin Hardware, sauran saitunan da za a iya amfani da su a cikin keɓancewa sun haɗa da:

  1. MTU (Mafi girman Rukunin Canja wurin)
  2. Tutar da yawa
  3. Maida tsayin layi
  4. Yanayin karuwanci
  5. Kunna ko kashe duk yanayin multicast

# ifconfig eth0 mtu 2000
# ip link set dev eth0 mtu 2000
# ifconfig eth0 multicast
# ip link set dev eth0 multicast on
# ifconfig eth0 txqueuelen 1200
# ip link set dev eth0 txqueuelen 1200
# ifconfig eth0 promisc
# ip link set dev eth0 promisc on
# ifconfig eth0 allmulti
# ip link set dev eth0 allmulti on

Umurnin da ke ƙasa suna kunna ko kashe takamaiman hanyar sadarwa.

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana hana haɗin yanar gizon eth0 kuma ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar fitarwa na ifconfig wanda ta tsohuwar ke nuna waɗancan hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke sama.

# ifconfig eth0 down

Don sake kunna dubawa, kawai maye gurbin ƙasa da sama.

# ifconfig eth0 up

Umurnin ip na ƙasa shine madadin don ifconfig don musaki takamaiman ƙayyadaddun dubawa. Ana iya tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar fitarwa na ip a umarni wanda ke nuna dukkan mu'amala ta hanyar tsohuwa, ko dai sama ko ƙasa, amma yana nuna matsayinsu tare da bayanin.

# ip link set eth0 down

Don sake kunna dubawa, kawai maye gurbin ƙasa da sama.

# ip link set eth0 up

Umurnin da ke ƙasa suna ba da damar ko kashe ka'idar ARP akan takamaiman hanyar sadarwa.

Umurnin yana ba da damar yin amfani da ka'idar ARP tare da dubawar eth0. Don kashe wannan zaɓi, kawai maye gurbin arp da -arp.

# ifconfig eth0 arp

Wannan umarni shine madadin ip don kunna ARP don dubawar eth0. Don kashewa, kawai maye gurbin da kashewa.

# ip link set dev eth0 arp on

Kammalawa

Don haka, mun haskaka fasali na umarnin ifconfig da kuma yadda za'a iya yin su ta amfani da umarnin ip. A halin yanzu, rarrabawar Linux yana ba mai amfani da duka umarnin don ya iya amfani da shi gwargwadon dacewarsa. Don haka, wane umarni ya dace bisa ga ku wanda kuka fi son amfani da shi? Ka ambaci wannan a cikin maganganunku.

Idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan umarni guda biyu, to ya kamata ku shiga cikin labaran mu na baya waɗanda ke nuna wasu misalai masu amfani na ifconfig da umarnin ip a cikin ƙarin salo.