Yadda ake Saita da Sanya haɗin yanar gizo ko Haɗin kai a cikin RHEL/CentOS 7 - Kashi na 11

Lokacin da mai kula da tsarin yana so ya ƙara yawan bandwidth da ke samuwa da kuma samar da sakewa da daidaitawa don canja wurin bayanai, fasalin kernel da aka sani da haɗin gwiwar cibiyar sadarwa yana ba da damar yin aikin a hanya mai tsada.

Kara karantawa game da yadda ake haɓaka ko haɓakar bandwidth a cikin Linux

- TecMint.com (@tecmint) Satumba 17, 2015

A cikin sassauƙan kalmomi, haɗin kai na nufin haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na zahiri biyu ko fiye (wanda ake kira bayi) zuwa guda ɗaya, mai ma'ana (wanda ake kira master). Idan wani takamaiman NIC (Katin Interface Card) ya sami matsala, sadarwa ba ta tasiri sosai muddin sauran(s) suna aiki.

Kara karantawa game da haɗin yanar gizo a cikin tsarin Linux anan:

Ƙungiyar Networking ko NiC Bondin a cikin RHEL/CentOS 6/5
Haɗin kai na NIC ko Haɗin kai akan tsarin Debian
Yadda ake saita haɗin yanar gizo ko haɗin gwiwa a cikin Ubuntu

Ƙaddamarwa da Ƙaddamar Haɗin Yanar Gizo ko Ƙungiya

Ta hanyar tsoho, ba a kunna tsarin haɗin kernel ba. Don haka, za mu buƙaci loda shi kuma mu tabbatar da cewa yana dawwama a cikin takalma. Lokacin amfani da --farko-lokaci zaɓi, modprobe zai faɗakar da mu idan loda tsarin ya gaza:

# modprobe --first-time bonding

Umurnin da ke sama zai loda tsarin haɗin gwiwa don zaman na yanzu. Domin tabbatar da dagewa, ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .conf cikin /etc/modules-load.d tare da bayanin suna, kamar /etc/modules-load .d/bonding.conf:

# echo "# Load the bonding kernel module at boot" > /etc/modules-load.d/bonding.conf
# echo "bonding" >> /etc/modules-load.d/bonding.conf

Yanzu sake kunna uwar garken ku kuma da zarar ya sake farawa, tabbatar cewa an ɗora nauyin haɗin gwiwa ta atomatik, kamar yadda aka gani a hoto 1:

A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi amfani da musaya guda 3 (enp0s3, enp0s8, da enp0s9) don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa, mai suna da dacewa bond0.

Don ƙirƙirar bond0, ko dai za mu iya amfani da nmtui, ƙirar rubutu don sarrafa NetworkManager. Lokacin da aka kira ba tare da gardama ba daga layin umarni, nmtui yana kawo hanyar haɗin rubutu wanda ke ba ku damar shirya haɗin da ke akwai, kunna haɗin gwiwa, ko saita sunan mai masaukin tsarin.

Zaɓi Shirya haɗin kai -> Ƙara -> Bond kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto 2:

A cikin Shirya Haɗin Haɗin, ƙara mu'amalar bawa (enp0s3, enp0s8, da enp0s9 a cikin yanayinmu) kuma ba su bayanin (Profile) suna (misali, NIC #1, NIC #2, da NIC #3, bi da bi).

Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar saita suna da na'ura don haɗin gwiwa (TecmintBond da bond0 a cikin siffa 3, bi da bi) da adireshin IP don bond0, shigar da adireshin ƙofa, da IPs na sabobin DNS.

Lura cewa ba kwa buƙatar shigar da adireshin MAC na kowane dubawa tunda nmtui zai yi muku hakan. Kuna iya barin duk sauran saitunan azaman tsoho. Duba hoto 3 don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.

Idan kun gama, je zuwa kasan allon kuma zaɓi Ok (duba Hoto 4):

Kuma kun gama. Yanzu za ku iya fita daga rubutun rubutu kuma ku koma layin umarni, inda za ku kunna sabon ƙirar da aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da umarnin ip:

# ip link set dev bond0 up

Bayan haka, zaku iya ganin cewa bond0 yana sama kuma an sanya shi 192.168.0.200, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin hoto 5:

# ip addr show bond0

Gwajin Haɗin Yanar Gizo ko Ƙungiya a cikin Linux

Don tabbatar da cewa bond0 yana aiki a zahiri, zaku iya ko dai ping adireshin IP ɗin sa daga wata na'ura, ko menene ma mafi kyau, kalli teburin kernel interface a ainihin lokacin (da kyau, lokacin shakatawa cikin daƙiƙa yana ba da ta -n zaɓi) don ganin yadda ake rarraba zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6.

Ana amfani da zaɓin -d don haskaka canje-canje idan sun faru:

# watch -d -n1 netstat -i

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai da yawa, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman. An rubuta su a cikin sashe na 4.5 na jagororin Gudanar da hanyar sadarwa na Linux 7 Red Hat Enterprise. Dangane da bukatun ku, zaku zaɓi ɗaya ko ɗayan.

A cikin saitin mu na yanzu, mun zaɓi yanayin Round-robin (duba hoto na 3), wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ana watsa fakitin farawa tare da bawa na farko a cikin tsari mai tsari, yana ƙarewa da bawa na ƙarshe, kuma farawa tare da na farko.

Hakanan ana kiran madadin Round-robin mode 0, kuma yana ba da daidaita nauyi da haƙurin kuskure. Don canza yanayin haɗin kai, zaku iya amfani da nmtui kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya (duba kuma siffa 7):

Idan muka canza shi zuwa Active Backup, za a sa mu zaɓi bawa wanda shine kawai keɓance mai aiki a wani lokaci. Idan irin wannan katin ya gaza, ɗaya daga cikin bayin da suka rage zai maye gurbinsa kuma ya zama mai aiki.

Bari mu zaɓi enp0s3 don zama bawa na farko, kawo bond0 ƙasa da sama, sake kunna hanyar sadarwar, sannan a nuna tebur mai mu'amala da kernel (duba siffa 8).

Lura yadda ake canja wurin bayanai (TX-OK da RX-OK) akan enp0s3 kawai:

# ip link set dev bond0 down
# ip link set dev bond0 up
# systemctl restart network

A madadin, zaku iya duba haɗin kamar yadda kwaya ke gani (duba siffa 9):

# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Takaitawa

A cikin wannan babi mun tattauna yadda ake saitawa da daidaita haɗin gwiwa a cikin Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (kuma yana aiki akan CentOS 7 da Fedora 22+) don haɓaka bandwidth tare da daidaita nauyi da sakewa don canja wurin bayanai.

Yayin da kuke ɗaukar lokaci don bincika wasu hanyoyin haɗin kai, za ku zo don ƙware dabaru da ayyuka masu alaƙa da wannan batu na takaddun shaida.

Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da wannan labarin, ko shawarwari don raba wa sauran jama'a, jin daɗin sanar da mu ta amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa.