Shigar Docker kuma Koyi Manipulation na asali a cikin CentOS da RHEL 8/7 - Kashi na 1

A cikin wannan jerin jigo na 4, za mu tattauna Docker, wanda shine buɗaɗɗen tushen kayan aiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda ke gudana a saman matakin Tsarin Aiki, ƙyale masu amfani su ƙirƙira, gudanar da tura aikace-aikacen, an ɓoye su cikin ƙananan kwantena.

Irin wannan kwantena na Linux an tabbatar da cewa suna da sauri, ɗauka, kuma amintattu. Hanyoyin da ke gudana a cikin akwati na Docker koyaushe suna keɓe daga babban mai masaukin baki, suna hana yin tambari a waje.

Wannan koyaswar tana ba da mafari kan yadda ake shigar da Docker, ƙirƙira da gudanar da kwantena Docker akan CentOS/RHEL 8/7, amma da kyar ke zazzage saman Docker.

Mataki 1: Shigar kuma saita Docker

1. Tun da farko nau'ikan Docker ana kiran su docker ko docker-engine, idan kun shigar da waɗannan, dole ne ku cire su kafin shigar da sabon docker-ce.

# yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2. Don shigar da sabon juzu'in Injin Docker kuna buƙatar saita wurin ajiyar Docker kuma shigar da fakitin yum-utils don ba da damar ma'ajin kwanciyar hankali na Docker akan tsarin.

# yum install -y yum-utils
# yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

3. Yanzu shigar da sabon docker-ce version daga ma'ajiyar Docker kuma an ajiye shi da hannu, saboda saboda wasu batutuwa, Red Hat ya toshe shigar da containerd.io> 1.2.0-3.el7, wanda dogara ne na docker-ce.

# yum install https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.6-3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm
# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli

4. Bayan haka, an shigar da kunshin Docker, fara daemon, duba matsayinsa kuma kunna shi gabaɗaya ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

# systemctl start docker 
# systemctl status docker
# systemctl enable docker

5. A ƙarshe, gudanar da hoton gwajin akwati don tabbatar da idan Docker yana aiki da kyau, ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker run hello-world

Idan kuna iya ganin saƙon da ke ƙasa, to komai yana cikin wurin da ya dace.

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

6. Yanzu, zaku iya aiwatar da wasu mahimman umarnin Docker don samun wasu bayanai game da Docker:

# docker info

# docker version

7. Don samun jerin duk samuwan umarnin Docker rubuta docker akan na'urar bidiyo.

# docker

Mataki 2: Zazzage Hoton Docker

8. Domin farawa da gudanar da akwati na Docker, da farko, dole ne a sauke hoto daga Docker Hub akan mai masaukin ku. Docker Hub yana ba da hotuna kyauta da yawa daga ma'ajiyar ta.

Don bincika hoton Docker, Ubuntu, alal misali, ba da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker search ubuntu

9. Bayan kun yanke shawarar wane hoton da kuke son aiwatarwa bisa la'akari da bukatunku, zazzage shi a gida ta hanyar bin umarnin da ke ƙasa (a cikin wannan yanayin ana saukar da hoton Ubuntu kuma ana amfani da shi):

# docker pull ubuntu

10. Don jera duk hotunan Docker da ke akwai akan mai gidan ku bayar da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker images

11. Idan ba kwa buƙatar hoton Docker kuma kuna son cire shi daga mai watsa shiri bayar da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker rmi ubuntu

Mataki na 3: Guda Akwatin Docker

Lokacin da kuka aiwatar da umarni akan hoto da gaske kuna samun akwati. Bayan umarnin da ke aiwatarwa a cikin kwandon ya ƙare, kwandon yana tsayawa (za ku sami akwati mara gudu ko fita). Idan kun sake gudanar da wani umarni a cikin hoton guda kuma an ƙirƙiri sabon akwati da sauransu.

Duk kwantena da aka ƙirƙira za su kasance a kan tsarin fayil ɗin rundunar har sai kun zaɓi share su ta amfani da umarnin docker rm.

12. Domin ƙirƙirar da sarrafa akwati, kuna buƙatar shigar da umarni a cikin hoton da aka zazzage, a cikin wannan yanayin, Ubuntu, don haka babban umarni shine a nuna fayil ɗin rarrabawa a cikin akwati ta amfani da umarnin cat, kamar yadda a cikin haka misali:

# docker run ubuntu cat /etc/issue

An raba umarnin da ke sama kamar haka:

# docker run [local image] [command to run into container]

13. Don sake gudanar da ɗayan kwantena tare da umarnin da aka aiwatar don ƙirƙirar shi, da farko, dole ne ku sami ID ɗin akwati (ko sunan da Docker ya samar ta atomatik) ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa, wanda ke nuna jerin abubuwan da ke gudana kuma kwantena da aka dakatar (marasa gudu):

# docker ps -l

14. Da zarar an sami ID na kwantena, za ku iya sake fara kwandon tare da umarnin da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ta, ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker start 923a720da57f

Anan, kirtani 923a720da57f tana wakiltar ID ɗin akwati.

15. Idan akwati yana gudana yanayin, zaku iya samun ID ta hanyar ba da umarni docker ps. Don dakatar da batun kwantena mai gudana docker stop umarni ta hanyar tantance ID na kwantena ko sunan da aka samar ta atomatik.

# docker stop 923a720da57f
OR
# docker stop cool_lalande
# docker ps

16. A more m madadin don haka ba ka da tuna da ganga ID zai zama kasaftawa musamman suna ga kowane ganga ka ƙirƙiri ta amfani da --name zaɓi a kan umurnin line, kamar yadda a cikin misali mai zuwa:

# docker run --name ubuntu20.04 ubuntu cat /etc/issue

17. Bayan haka, ta amfani da sunan da kuka ware wa kwandon, zaku iya sarrafa kwantena (farawa, tsayawa, cirewa, sama, ƙididdiga) gaba kawai ta hanyar amsa sunanta, kamar yadda a cikin misalan da ke ƙasa:

# docker start ubuntu20.04
# docker stats ubuntu20.04
# docker top ubuntu20.04

Ku sani cewa wasu daga cikin umarnin da ke sama na iya nuna babu fitarwa idan tsarin umarnin da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar akwati ya ƙare. Lokacin da aikin da ke gudana a cikin kwandon ya ƙare, kwandon yana tsayawa.

Mataki na 4: Gudanar da Zaman Sadarwa cikin Kwantena

18. Domin yin hulɗa tare da haɗin kai a cikin zaman kwandon kwandon, kuma gudanar da umarni kamar yadda kuke yi akan kowane zaman Linux, ba da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker run -it ubuntu bash

An raba umarnin da ke sama kamar haka:

    Ana amfani da
  1. -i don fara zaman tattaunawa.
  2. -t yana keɓance TTY kuma yana haɗa stdin da stdout.
  3. ubuntu shine hoton da muka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar akwati.
  4. bash (ko /bin/bash) shine umarnin da muke gudana a cikin kwandon Ubuntu.

19. Don barin kuma komawa zuwa mai masaukin baki daga zaman kwantena mai gudana dole ne ku rubuta exit umarni. Umurnin ficewa yana ƙare duk matakan kwantena kuma yana dakatar da shi.

# exit

20. Idan an shigar da ku cikin haɗin gwiwa akan tashar tashar tashar kuma kuna buƙatar kiyaye akwati a cikin yanayin aiki amma fita daga zaman ma'amala, zaku iya barin na'uran bidiyo kuma ku koma tashar tashar ta latsa Ctrl+p > da maɓallan Ctrl+q.

21. Don sake haɗawa zuwa kwandon mai gudana kuna buƙatar ID na ganga ko suna. Ba da umarnin docker ps don samun ID ko suna sannan, sannan, gudanar da docker attach umarni ta hanyar tantance ID ko suna, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke sama:

# docker attach <container id>

22. Don dakatar da kwantena mai gudana daga zaman taron ba da umarni mai zuwa:

# docker kill <container id>

Wannan duka don sarrafa kwantena na asali. A cikin koyawa ta gaba, zamu tattauna yadda ake adanawa, sharewa, da gudanar da sabar gidan yanar gizo cikin akwati Docker.