Hanyoyi 4 don Kashe/Kulle Wasu Sabunta Fakitin Amfani da Yum Command


Package Manager software ce da ke ba mai amfani damar shigar da sabuwar software, haɓaka tsarin aiki, ko sabunta kowace takamaiman software da irin waɗannan abubuwa. A cikin tsarin tushen Linux wanda software ɗaya ke da abubuwan dogaro da yawa waɗanda ake buƙatar kasancewa akan tsarin don cikakken shigar da waccan software, irin wannan software kamar mai sarrafa fakitin ya zama kayan aikin da ake buƙata akan kowane tsari.

Kowane Linux Distribution yana jigilar kaya tare da mai sarrafa fakitinsa na sama don ayyukan da aka bayyana a sama, amma duk waɗannan da aka fi samu sune: yum akan tsarin RHEL da Fedora (inda a halin yanzu ake maye gurbinsa da DNF daga Fedora 22+ gaba) kuma ya dace daga Debian.

Idan kuna neman kayan aikin APT don toshe ko kashe wasu takamaiman sabuntawar fakiti, to yakamata ku karanta wannan labarin.

Dnf ko Danified yum yana maye gurbin yum akan tsarin Fedora wanda shine wani a cikin jerinmu. Idan an bincika da kyau, ana iya amfani da waɗannan Manajan Fakitin don ayyuka masu zuwa:

  1. Shigar da sabbin software daga ma'ajiya.
  2. Yanke abubuwan dogaro da software ta hanyar shigar da abubuwan dogaro kafin shigar da software.
  3. Kiyaye bayanan abubuwan dogaro na kowace software.
  4. Tsarin saukar da kowane software da ke akwai.
  5. Haɓaka sigar kernel.
  6. Akwai fakitin jeri don shigarwa.

Mun riga mun rufe cikakkun bayanai daban-daban akan kowane manajan fakitin guda ɗaya tare da misalai masu amfani, ya kamata ku karanta su don sarrafawa da sarrafa fakitin sarrafa a cikin rabawa Linux daban-daban.

Karanta Hakanan:

  1. Masar Yum Command tare da wannan Misalai na Aiki guda 20
  2. 27 Dokokin DNF don Sarrafa Fakiti a cikin Fedora 22+ iri
  3. Koyi Dokokin APT guda 25 don Sarrafa Fakitin Ubuntu

A cikin labarin, za mu ga yadda za a kulle/musaki wasu sabuntawar fakiti ta amfani da mai sarrafa fakitin Yum a cikin RHEL/CentOS da tsarin Fedora (an zartar har zuwa Fedora 21, daga baya sabon nau'in Fedora tare da dnf azaman mai sarrafa fakitin tsoho).

Kashe/Kulle Sabunta Kunshin ta amfani da Yum

Yellow kare Updater, Modified (yum) kayan aikin sarrafa fakiti ne a cikin rarraba tushen RedHat kamar CentOS da Fedora. Daban-daban dabaru da ake amfani da su don Kulle/Kashe Sabuntawar Kunshin ta amfani da Yum an tattauna su a ƙasa:

1. Buɗe kuma gyara fayil ɗin yum.conf, wanda ke cikin /etc/yum.conf ko a /etc/yum/yum.conf.

Yana kama da ƙasa:

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
...

Anan, don keɓance takamaiman fakiti daga shigarwa ko haɓakawa, kawai kuna buƙatar ƙara mai canzawa tare da sunan fakitin da kuke son cirewa. Misali, idan ina so in ware duk fakitin python-3 daga sabuntawa, to kawai zan saka layi mai zuwa zuwa yum.conf:

exclude=python-3*

Don kunshin fiye da ɗaya don ware kawai raba sunayensu ta sarari.

exclude=httpd php 
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
exclude=python-3*        [Exclude Single Package]
exclude=httpd php        [Exclude Multiple Packages]
...

Lura: don haɗa waɗannan fakitin, yin watsi da shigarwar cikin yum.conf, yi amfani da \-disableexcludes kuma saita shi zuwa duk|main|repoid, inda 'babban' waɗanda aka shigar a yum.conf da ' repoid' su ne waɗanda aka kayyade wariyar su a cikin repos.d directory, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata daga baya.

Yanzu bari mu yi ƙoƙarin shigar ko sabunta ƙayyadaddun fakitin kuma ganin yum umurnin zai hana su shigar ko sabuntawa.

# yum install httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
Nothing to do
# yum update httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No packages marked for update

2. A sama shine mafita na dindindin don ware fakitin kamar sai dai idan an gyara fayil ɗin, wannan fakitin ba zai sami sabuntawa ba. Anan kuma akwai mafita na wucin gadi ga wannan kuma. A daidai lokacin da kuka je don kowane sabuntawa, yi amfani da -x canza cikin umarnin yum don ware fakitin da ba ku son sabuntawa, kamar:

# yum -x python-3 update

Umurnin da ke sama zai sabunta duk fakitin da akwai sabuntawarsu, ban da python-3 akan tsarin ku.

Anan, don ban da fakiti da yawa, yi amfani da -x sau da yawa, ko raba sunayen fakiti tare da , a cikin sauyi ɗaya.

# yum -x httpd -x php update
OR
# yum -x httpd,php update

3. Yin amfani da --exclude sauyawa yana aiki daidai da -x, kawai buƙatar maye gurbin -x tare da -exclude kuma wuce , ware jerin sunayen fakiti zuwa gare shi.

# yum --exclude httpd,php

4. Ga kowane fakitin da aka shigar daga kowane tushe na waje ta hanyar ƙara wurin ajiya, akwai wata hanyar dakatar da haɓakawa a nan gaba. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar gyara fayil ɗin .repo wanda aka ƙirƙira a /etc/yum/repos.d/ ko /etc/yum.repos.d directory.

Ƙara zaɓin keɓe tare da sunan fakitin a cikin repo. Kamar: don ware kowane fakitin faɗin giya daga epel repo, ƙara layin mai zuwa a cikin fayil epel.repo:

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
exclude=wine

Yanzu gwada sabunta kunshin giya, zaku sami kuskure kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:

# yum update wine

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
epel/x86_64/metalink                                    | 5.6 kB     00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No Match for argument: wine
No package wine available.
No packages marked for update

5. Wata hanya a yum don rufe nau'in kowane kunshin don haka ba shi samuwa don haɓakawa, shine amfani da zaɓi na versionlock zaɓi na yum, amma don yin wannan, dole ne ku kunshi yum-plugin-versionlock. shigar a kan tsarin.

# yum -y install yum-versionlock

Misali, don kulle nau'in kunshin a ce httpd zuwa 2.4.6 kawai, kawai rubuta bin umarni azaman tushen.

# yum versionlock add httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos
versionlock added: 1

Don duba fakitin kulle, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa zai jera fakitin da aka kulle sigar.

# yum versionlock list httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.*
versionlock list done

Kammalawa

Waɗannan ƴan nasihu ne waɗanda zasu taimaka muku Kashe/Kulle sabuntawa ta amfani da yum fakitin sarrafa. Idan kuna da wasu dabaru don yin abubuwa iri ɗaya, kuna iya yin sharhi tare da mu.