Yadda ake Canja wurin Fayiloli Tsakanin Kwamfutoci Biyu ta amfani da nc da pv Commands


Sannu 'yan'uwa masu karatu na Linux, Ina kawo muku wani babban labarin daga ƙananan abubuwan amfani da Linux ɗinmu waɗanda ya kamata ku sani game da su.

Wannan labarin zai bayyana yadda kuke canja wurin fayiloli tsakanin kwamfutocin Linux guda biyu ta amfani da nc (networking utility) da umarnin pv (pipe viewer), kafin in ci gaba bari in bayyana menene waɗannan umarni guda biyu.

nc yana nufin Netcat kuma sau da yawa yana nunawa a matsayin wuka na soja na Swiss kayan aikin sadarwar da ake amfani da shi don lalata cibiyar sadarwa da bincike kuma ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar haɗin yanar gizon ta amfani da TCP ko UDP, duba tashar jiragen ruwa, canja wurin fayil da ƙari. An ƙirƙira shi don zama abin dogaro na baya kuma ana amfani dashi musamman a cikin shirye-shirye da rubutu, tunda yana iya samar da kusan kowane nau'in haɗin yanar gizo kuma yana da fasalulluka da yawa.

pv a takaice Pipe Viewer kayan aiki ne mai tushe don lura da ci gaban bayanan da aka aika ta bututun mai, yana bawa mai amfani damar ganin ci gaban bayanai tare da sandar ci gaba, yana nuna lokacin da ya wuce, adadin da aka kammala, ƙimar kayan aiki na yanzu, jimillar canja wurin bayanai, da kuma Ƙayyadaddun lokaci don kammala aikin.

Yanzu bari mu ci gaba kuma mu ga yadda za mu iya haɗa umarni biyu don canja wurin fayiloli tsakanin kwamfutocin Linux guda biyu, don manufar wannan labarin za mu yi amfani da injin Linux guda biyu kamar haka:

Machine A with IP : 192.168.0.4
Machine B with IP : 192.168.0.7

Halin da tsaro na bayanai ya fi mahimmanci, sannan a koyaushe amfani da scp akan SSH.

Yanzu bari mu fara da wasu ainihin sauƙi misali na nc da umarnin pv, amma kafin yin hakan dole ne a shigar da kayan aikin biyu akan tsarin, idan ba a shigar da su ta amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa fakitin rarraba ku kamar yadda aka ba da shawara:

# yum install netcat pv        [On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install netcat pv        [On Fedora 22+ versions]
# apt-get install netcat pv    [On Debian and its derivatives]

Yadda ake Canja wurin Fayiloli Tsakanin Injin Linux Biyu?

Bari mu ɗauka cewa kuna son aika babban fayil guda ɗaya mai suna CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503.iso daga kwamfuta A zuwa B akan hanyar sadarwa, hanya mafi sauri don cimma wannan ta amfani da nc mai amfani da hanyar sadarwa aika fayiloli akan hanyar sadarwa ta TCP, pv don saka idanu akan ci gaban bayanai da amfani da tar don damfara bayanai don haɓaka saurin canja wuri.

Da farko shiga cikin injin 'A' tare da adireshin IP 192.168.0.4 kuma gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# tar -zcf - CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503.iso | pv | nc -l -p 5555 -q 5

Bari in bayyana zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin umarnin da ke sama:

  1. tar -zcf = tar wani kayan aiki ne na tef da ake amfani da shi don damfara/rasa fayilolin ajiya da gardama -c yana ƙirƙirar sabon fayil ɗin .tar, -f ƙayyade nau'in fayil ɗin ma'ajiyar da -z tace ta hanyar gzip.
  2. CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503.iso = Ƙayyade sunan fayil don aikawa akan hanyar sadarwa, yana iya zama fayil ko hanyar zuwa directory.
  3. pv = Mai duba bututu don lura da ci gaban bayanai.
  4. nc -l -p 5555 -q 5 = Kayan aikin sadarwar da aka yi amfani da shi don aikawa da karɓar bayanai akan tcp da muhawara -l da aka yi amfani da su don sauraron haɗin da ke shigowa, -p 555 yana ƙayyade tashar tashar don amfani da -q 5 yana jiran adadin dakiku sannan ka bar.

Yanzu shiga cikin injin 'B' tare da adireshin IP 192.168.0.7 kuma gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# nc 192.168.1.4 5555 | pv | tar -zxf -

Shi ke nan, ana canja fayil ɗin zuwa kwamfuta B, kuma za ku iya kallon yadda aikin ke da sauri. Akwai ton na ƙarin sauran manyan amfani na nc (ba a rufe tukuna ba, amma za a rubuta game da shi nan ba da jimawa ba) da pv (mun riga mun rufe labarin dalla-dalla akan wannan anan) umarni, idan kun san kowane misali, da fatan za a sanar da mu ta hanyar sharhi!