Yadda Ake Amfani da Abubuwan Amfanin Debian Goodies 8 masu Amfani don Sarrafa Fakitin Debian


Debian-goodies kunshin ne wanda ya haɗa da kayan aikin kayan aiki irin na kayan aiki da ake amfani da su don sarrafa Debian da tsarin da aka samo asali kamar Ubuntu, Kali Linux. An haɓaka abubuwan amfani da ke ƙarƙashin wannan fakitin ta hanyar da za a haɗa su da kayan aikin harsashi da yawa da aka sani kuma an haɗa wasu saboda ba za a iya haɓaka su azaman fakitin nasu akan rarraba Linux na tushen Debian ba.

A cikin wannan jagorar za mu kalli yadda ake amfani da abubuwan amfani a ƙarƙashin kunshin debian-goodies waɗanda suka haɗa da dglob, debget, dpigs, dgrep, debmany, checkrestart, popbugs da wanne-pkg-broke.

Bari mu ga bayanin kowane kayan aiki a ƙasa:

  1. dglob - Samar da jerin sunayen fakitin da suka dace da tsari
  2. dgrep - Bincika duk fayiloli a cikin fakitin da aka bayar don regex
  3. dpigs - Nuna waɗanne fakitin da aka shigar sun ɗauki mafi yawan sarari faifai
  4. bashi - Sami .deb don fakiti a cikin bayanan APT
  5. masu yawa - Zaɓi shafukan da aka shigar ko cirewa
  6. Checkrestart – Nemo da sake farawa matakai waɗanda ke amfani da tsoffin juzu'in fayilolin da aka haɓaka
  7. popbugs - Nuna ingantaccen rahoton kwaro na musamman dangane da fakitin da kuke amfani da su
  8. wanne-pkg-karye - Kame wani kunshin da wataƙila ya karya wani

Waɗannan abubuwan amfani ne masu fa'ida waɗanda zasu iya sa Gudanar da Tsarin ya fi sauƙi yayin amfani da sauran kayan aikin harsashi. A zahiri, kayan aikin Debian-goodies yana nuna ƙarin bayani game da fakiti fiye da daidaitattun kayan aikin kamar dpkg da kayan aikin da suka dace.

Yadda ake Sanya Debian-goodies a cikin Debian, Ubuntu da Linux Mint

Don shigar da kunshin debian-goodies, gudanar da wannan umarni a ƙasa.

# sudo apt-get install debian-goodies

Da zarar an shigar da kunshin debian-goodies, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a bincika amfani da kowane kayan aiki da wannan fakitin ya bayar a cikin sauran labarin.

Yadda ake Amfani da Debian-Goodies Utilities

dglob yana haifar da jerin sunayen fakiti ko fayiloli kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin tsari. Don samar da sunan duk fakiti, kawai gudanar da dglob ko haɗa da zaɓin -a.

[email :~# dglob 
fonts-sil-abyssinica
libatk-adaptor
openoffice-onlineupdate
libvorbisfile3
libquadmath0
libxkbfile1
linux-sound-base
python-apt-common
python-gi-cairo
libgs9-common
libgom-1.0-common
libqt5qml5
libgtk2.0-bin
libregexp-common-perl
evolution-data-server
libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
bind9-host
libhtml-tagset-perl
iputils-ping
libcgmanager0
evince
...

Don gano idan kunshin ya wanzu akan tsarin ku, gudanar da dglob tare da sunan kunshin. A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa za mu nemo Firefox, Apache2 da debain-goodies.

[email :~# dglob firefox
firefox-locale-en
unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks
firefox
[email :~# dglob apache2
apache2
apache2-utils
apache2-bin
apache2-data
[email :~# dglob debian-goodies
debian-goodies

Kuna iya buga jerin duk fayiloli a cikin ƙayyadadden fakiti ta amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan -f.

[email :~# dglob -f firefox
/usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/copyright
/usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email 
/usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email 
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/amazondotcom.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/google.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/ddg.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/google.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/amazon-en-GB.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/ddg.xml
/usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email 
/usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email 
/usr/share/unity/scopes/web/firefoxbookmarks.scope
/usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/unity_firefoxbookmarks_daemon.py
/usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/__init__.py
/usr/share/doc/unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks/copyright
....

Ana amfani da mai amfani dgreb don nemo fayiloli a cikin takamaiman sunayen fakitin don magana ta yau da kullun. Yana da mahimmanci ta hanyar fayilolin fakiti waɗanda aka shigar akan tsarin ku kuma yawancin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi amfani da su sune waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tare da grep sai kaɗan.

Don tantance tsari, yi amfani da zaɓin -e kamar haka.

[email :~# dgrep -e README apache2
/usr/sbin/apache2ctl:        echo Setting ulimit failed. See README.Debian for more information. >&2
/usr/sbin/a2enmod:                info(     "See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on "
/etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf:	AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README
/etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf:	# ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by
/etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf:	ReadmeName README.html
/etc/apache2/mods-available/cache_disk.conf:	# /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8)
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf:		#   /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info.
...

Don buga sunan kowane fayil ɗin shigarwa wanda da an buga shi, yi amfani da zaɓin -l.

[email :~# dgrep -l conf apache2
/usr/sbin/a2query
/usr/sbin/apache2ctl
/usr/sbin/a2enmod
/usr/share/doc/apache2/migrate-sites.pl
/usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright
/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances
/usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance
/usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script
/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace
/usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2
/etc/bash_completion.d/apache2
/etc/init.d/apache2
...

Don nuna sassan da suka dace kawai na layin da suka dace, yi amfani da zaɓin -o.

[email :~# dgrep -o conf apache2
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
/usr/sbin/a2query:conf
...

Ana amfani da wannan kayan aiki don nuna fakitin da suka yi amfani da mafi yawan sarari akan tsarin ku. Yana da matukar mahimmanci musamman lokacin da sarari ya kure kuma kuna son cire wasu fakiti.

Don gano fakitin da ke cinye mafi yawan sarari akan tsarin ku, kawai gudanar da wannan umarni.

[email :~# dpigs
158762 linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic
157066 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic
155037 wine1.8-amd64
143459 wine1.8-i386
103364 linux-firmware
100412 firefox
96741 openjdk-8-jre-headless
96302 libgl1-mesa-dri
90808 thunderbird
90652 liboxideqtcore0

Kuna iya amfani da zaɓin -H don karanta girman fakitin cikin sigar da mutum zai iya karantawa.

[email :~# dpigs -H
 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic
 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic
 151.4M wine1.8-amd64
 140.1M wine1.8-i386
 100.9M linux-firmware
  98.1M firefox
  94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless
  94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri
  88.7M thunderbird
  88.5M liboxideqtcore0

Don tantance adadin fakiti da aka bayar baya ga tsoho wanda shine 10, yi amfani da zaɓin -n.

[email :~# dpigs -H -n 15
 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic
 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic
 151.4M wine1.8-amd64
 140.1M wine1.8-i386
 100.9M linux-firmware
  98.1M firefox
  94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless
  94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri
  88.7M thunderbird
  88.5M liboxideqtcore0
  87.9M libgl1-mesa-dri
  81.3M openoffice-core04
  77.8M fonts-horai-umefont
  64.2M linux-headers-4.2.0-16
  61.5M ubuntu-docs

Don neman taimako a cikin amfani da dpigs, yi amfani da zaɓin -h.

[email :~# dpigs -h
Usage: dpigs [options]

Options:
  -n, --lines=N
    Display the N largest packages on the system (default 10).
  -s, --status=status-file
    Use status-file instead of the default dpkg status file.
  -S, --source
    Display the largest source packages of binary packages installed
    on the system.
  -H, --human-readable
    Display package sizes in human-readable format (like ls -lh or du -h)
  -h, --help
    Display this message.

Ana amfani da bashin don samun kyautar .deb don kunshin daga bayanan fakitin APT. A cikin misalai na gaba za mu debo fayilolin .deb don ayyukan apache2, zip da tar.

[email :~# debget apache2
(apache2 -> 2.4.12-2ubuntu2)
[email :~# debget zip
(zip -> 3.0-11)
Downloading zip from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   0  154k    0  1211    0     0   2039      0  0:01:17 --:--:--  0:01:17  47  154k   47 75059    0     0  44694      0  0:00:03  0:00:01  0:00:02 100  154k  100  154k    0     0  74182      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 74220
[email :~# debget tar 
(tar -> 1.27.1-2)
Downloading tar from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tar/tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  15  191k   15 30155    0     0  48338      0  0:00:04 --:--:--  0:00:04 100  191k  100  191k    0     0   201k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  201k

Duk fakitin .deb da aka debo.

[email :~# dir -hl
total 348K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86K Dec 30 12:46 apache2_2.4.7-1ubuntu4.6_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192K Dec 30 12:46 tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155K Dec 30 12:46 zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb

Ana amfani da shi don zaɓar shafukan shigar da hannu na fakitin da aka shigar ko ba a shigar da su akan tsarin ku. Wannan kayan aiki yana ba ku damar duba duk shafukan yanar gizo na kunshin.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan da za ku iya amfani da su tare da debmany don nuna shafin yanar gizon ta amfani da mai duban ku:

Idan kuna amfani da yanayin tebur na KDE, yi amfani da zaɓin -k don amfani da kfmclient.

[email :~# debmany -k tar

Lura: Ba ni da shigar da KDE DE akan tsarina, don haka yana da wahala a nuna fitarwa na umarnin da ke sama.

Idan kuna amfani da muhallin tebur na GNOME, yi amfani da zaɓin -g don amfani da gnome-open.

[email :~# debmany -g tar

Idan kuna amfani da yanayin tebur na KDE/GNOME/Xfce, yi amfani da zaɓin -x don amfani da kdg-buɗe.

[email :~# debmany -x tar

Tabbatar cewa an shigar da masu kallo na sama kafin ku iya amfani da su ko kuma kuna iya samun kuskure.

Ana amfani da chechstart don nemo da sake farawa matakai waɗanda ke amfani da tsoffin juzu'in fayilolin da aka riga aka haɓaka.

Don amfani da sake farawa tare da duk matakai, yi amfani da zaɓin -a.

[email :~# checkrestart -a
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
Found 30 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(28 distinct programs)
(23 distinct packages)

Of these, 1 seem to contain systemd service definitions or init scripts which can be used to restart them.
The following packages seem to have definitions that could be used
to restart their services:
openssh-server:
	1947	/usr/sbin/sshd
	1889	/usr/sbin/sshd
These are the initd scripts:
service ssh restart
...

Don tantance fayilolin da aka goge kawai waɗanda ke haɗe zuwa kunshin da aka bayar akan tsarin, yi amfani da zaɓin -p.

[email :~# checkrestart -p
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
Found 0 processes using old versions of upgraded files

Kuna iya samar da cikakken bayanin fitarwa ta amfani da zaɓin -v.

[email :~# checkrestart -v
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
Found 1 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(1 distinct program)
[DEBUG] Process /usr/bin/update-manager (PID: 2027) 
List of deleted files in use:
	/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
	/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
	/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
	/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
	/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
	/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
	/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
	/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--search', '/usr/bin/update-manager']
[DEBUG] Reading line from dpkg-query: update-manager: /usr/bin/update-manager

[DEBUG] Found package update-manager for program /usr/bin/update-manager
(1 distinct packages)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--listfiles', 'update-manager']
These processes (1) do not seem to have an associated init script to restart them:
update-manager:
	2027	/usr/bin/update-manager

Ana amfani da shi don nuna jerin ƙayyadaddun ƙwararrun saki-masu mahimmanci dangane da fakitin da kuke yawan amfani da su akan tsarin ku. Lokacin da ka kunna popbugs ba tare da wani zaɓi ba a karon farko, zai nuna maka saƙo kamar wanda ke ƙasa.

[email :~# popbugs

There is no popularity-contest data present on your system.  This
probably means that popularity-contest has not yet run since it
was installed.  Try waiting for /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest to
to collect some data or manually run (as root user):

    /usr/sbin/popularity-contest >/var/log/popularity-contest

Don samar da log ɗin shahara-fasa, gudanar da wannan umarni a ƙasa.

[email :~# /usr/sbin/popularity-contest > /var/log/popularity-contest

Don adana fitarwa a cikin fayil, yi amfani da zaɓin –output=/hanti/to/fayil. Fayil ɗin fitarwa yakamata ya zama fayil ɗin html.

[email :~# popbugs --output=/tmp/output.html

Don duba fayil ɗin fitarwa buɗe fayil ɗin daga mai binciken gidan yanar gizo ta hanyar tantance wurin fayil ɗin.

Don nuna bayanin gyara kuskure, yi amfani da zaɓin -d.

[email :~# popbugs --d
POPCON: Adding package zeitgeist-core
POPCON: Adding package upstart
POPCON: Adding package unity-gtk2-module
POPCON: Adding package whoopsie
POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-input-evdev
POPCON: Adding package unity-services
POPCON: Adding package zlib1g
POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-core
..

Ana amfani da shi don nemo fakitin da suka karya wani fakitin. Wani lokaci tsarin ku na iya karya ta wasu fakiti musamman lokacin haɓaka shi. Don haka wanne-pkg-broke na iya taimaka muku nemo fakitin da suka karya tsarin ku ko wani fakiti na musamman akan tsarin.

Don gano fakitin da suka karya apache2, gudanar da wannan umarni a ƙasa.

[email :~# which-pkg-broke apache2 
Package apache2 has no install time info
Package mysql-common has no install time info
Package libaprutil1-ldap has no install time info
Package  has no install time info
Package libmysqlclient18 has no install time info
Package  has no install time info
Package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 has no install time info
Package  has no install time info
Package libaprutil1-dbd-mysql has no install time info
Package apache2-utils has no install time info
Package libpq5 has no install time info
Package apache2-data has no install time info
Package libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql has no install time info
Package libaprutil1-dbd-odbc has no install time info
libacl1:amd64                                          Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015
libattr1:amd64                                         Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015
insserv                                                Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015
libc6:amd64                                            Wed Apr 22 17:31:55 2015
...

Takaitawa

Akwai sauran abubuwan amfani da yawa masu alaƙa da waɗanda muka duba, waɗanda za mu iya koya game da su a cikin talifofin da ke gaba. Da fatan za ku sami wannan jagorar mai amfani kuma idan kun sami wasu kurakurai yayin amfani da su ko kuna da wasu ra'ayoyi don ƙarawa, da fatan za a buga sharhi. Ci gaba da haɗi zuwa Tecment.