13 Budewar Muhalli na Desktop LightWeight Na Gano a cikin 2015

Kalmar ‘Open Source’ ana iya danganta ta ga al’ummar Linux waɗanda suka samar da ita tare da ƙaddamar da Linux (magaji na Unix Operating System a lokacin). Kodayake 'Linux' a cikin kansa ya wanzu azaman tushen Kernel kawai, yanayin buɗewar sa ya jawo babbar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa a duk duniya don ba da gudummawa ga ci gabanta.

Wannan ya haifar da juyin juya hali a duk duniya kuma mutane da yawa da al'ummomi sun fara ba da gudummawa don mayar da shi cikakken tsarin aiki wanda zai iya maye gurbin Unix. Sa'an nan kuma, ba a sake komawa baya tare da ci gaba mai aiki da ke gudana a cikin tsayayyen taki.

Wannan ya haifar da ƙaddamar da rarraba kamar Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, OpenSUSE, Red Hat, Arch, Linux Mint, da dai sauransu waɗanda ke amfani da Linux a matsayin kwaya.

• Mafi kyawun Rarraba Linux don Masu farawa
• Rarraba Linux 10 da Masu Amfani da Su
• 10 Mafi kyawun Rarraba Sabar Linux don samarwa

Tare da wannan daidaitacce shine gabatarwar Muhalli na Desktop. Menene ainihin wannan Muhalli na Desktop kuma menene matsayinsa?

Babban manufar Rarraba Linux shine don sa masu amfani suyi amfani da damar Linux OS. Don wannan, yana buƙatar ƙirar keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa wacce za ta iya aiki azaman gada don sa buƙatun mai amfani su fahimta da sarrafa su ta hanyar Kernel cikin sauƙi.

Muhalli na Desktop yayi daidai wannan. Siffar hoto ce wacce ke nunawa ga Mai amfani, kwaya mara amfani ta hanya mai sauƙi. Don haka, Muhalli na Desktop yana gabatar da duk mahimman ayyukan Kernel ga mai amfani ta hanya mai kyau da kyawu.

Abubuwan da suka haɗa Muhalli na Desktop sun haɗa da Browser, Display Manager, da duk sauran Softwares da Utilities waɗanda za ku iya tunanin su akan tsarin aiki na asali.

Hakanan kuna iya son: 10 Mafi kyawun Muhalli na Desktop Linux na Duk Lokaci

Don haka biyu daga cikin manyan abubuwan Rarraba Linux sune Kernel da Muhalli na Desktop. A ƙasa an ambaci wasu Muhalli na Desktop masu nauyi waɗanda suka jawo rabe-rabe don sanya su yanayin tebur ɗin su na asali saboda fasalulluka da aikinsu.

1. Xfce

Xfce wuri ne na buɗaɗɗen tebur don tsarin Unix-kamar da aka haɓaka a cikin C. Kasancewa cikin sauri da nauyi, ba a sa ran zai wahalar da CPU da Memory ko da a kan tsoffin kwamfutoci.

Ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin da aka tsara daban waɗanda ke haɗuwa don daidaita yanayin yanayin tebur.

Wasu abubuwa na Xfce sun haɗa da:

• Xfwm : Mai sarrafa taga mai haɗawa.
• Thunar : Mai sarrafa fayil, wanda yayi kama da Nautilus amma ya fi inganci kuma saboda haka yana sauri.
• Orage: Tsoffin aikace-aikacen kalanda na Xfce.
• Mousepad: Editan fayil wanda tun farko ya fara daga Leafpad, amma yanzu ana haɓakawa da kuma kiyaye shi daga karce.
• Parole: Mai kunna watsa labarai bisa tsarin Gstreamer da aka yi don Xfce.
• Xfburn: CD/DVD burner don Xfce.

2. LXDE

LXDE yana tsaye ne don yanayin tebur mai nauyi na X11 wanda har yanzu wani shahararren yanayin tebur ne don tsarin Unix, an haɓaka ta ta amfani da C (GTK+) da C++ (Qt).

Babban fa'idar samun shi azaman zaɓinku don yanayin tebur shine ƙarancin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda yayi ƙasa da na shahararrun mahallin tebur watau GNOME, KDE, da Xfce. Ya ƙunshi duka lambobin lasisi na GPL da LGPL.

Abubuwan kayan shafa LXDE sun haɗa da:

• LXDM – Mai sarrafa Nuni.
• LXMusic – Tsoffin Mai kunna kiɗan don XMMS2.
• Leafpad – Tsoffin editan rubutu na LXDE.
• Akwatin Buɗe - Mai sarrafa Window.
• LXTtask - Manajan Ayyuka na Tsohuwar.
• Mai sarrafa Fayil na PC - Manajan Fayil na Tsohuwar da mai ba da Metaphor na Desktop.

LXDE shine tsohuwar yanayin tebur don rarrabawa da yawa ciki har da Lubuntu, Knoppix, LXLE Linux, Artix, da Peppermint Linux OS - da sauransu.

3. GNOME 3

GNOME gajarta ce ta GNU Network Object Model kuma yanayi ne na tebur guda ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin kyauta da buɗe ido gaba ɗaya. An rubuta a cikin C, C ++, Python, Vala, da Javascript, GNOME wani ɓangare ne na aikin GNOME wanda ya ƙunshi duka masu sa kai da masu bayar da gudummawa mafi girma kasancewa Red Hat.

GNOME a halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin ci gaba mai aiki tare da sabon sakin barga shine GNOME 40. GNOME yana gudana akan tsarin Windows X kuma kuma akan Wayland tun GNOME 3.10.

GNOME 40 ya maye gurbin abubuwa da yawa da suka fara daga tsoho mai sarrafa taga wanda yanzu ana canza shi zuwa Metacity maimakon Mutter, an danganta canjin aiki zuwa wani yanki na musamman da ake kira Overview, GNOME core aikace-aikacen kuma an sake tsara su don samar da ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani.

Abubuwan GNOME sun haɗa da:

• Metacity – Tsoffin Window Manager.
• Nautilus – Mai sarrafa fayil na asali.
• gedit – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Idon GNOME - Mai duba Hoto.
• Bidiyon GNOME – Mai kunna Bidiyo na Tsohuwar.
• Epiphany – Mai Binciken Yanar Gizo.

4. MATA

MATE wani yanayi ne na tebur don tsarin Unix. Ya samo asalinsa daga tushen code-base na GNOME 2. An haɓaka shi a cikin C, C++, da Python kuma an ba shi lasisi a ƙarƙashin lasisi da yawa tare da wasu sassan code a ƙarƙashin GNU GPL, yayin da sauran ɓangaren ke ƙarƙashin LGPL.

Sunan 'MATE' ya shigo cikin hoton don bambanta da GNOME 3 wanda shine wani yanayi na tebur. Ya ƙunshi aikace-aikacen GNOME guda biyu waɗanda aka samo asali na GNOME 2 da sauran aikace-aikacen da aka haɓaka daga karce.

Abubuwan da ke gyara yanayin tebur na MATE sune:

• Caja – tsoho mai sarrafa fayil.
• Pluma – tsohon editan rubutu.
• Marco – mai sarrafa taga.
• Atril - Mai duba daftarin aiki.
• Idon MATE - Mai kallon hoto.

Tun lokacin da aka saki shi, ya kasance tsohuwar yanayin tebur don Linux Mint, Sabayon Linux, Fedora, da dai sauransu. Baya ga wannan, ana samunsa a cikin ma'ajin ajiya da yawa ciki har da Ubuntu, Arch, Debian, Gentoo, PC Linux OS, da dai sauransu. Baya ga duka. wannan, an baiwa Ubuntu MATE matsayin ainihin dandanon Ubuntu.

5. KDE Plasma 5

KDE Plasma 5 shine ƙarni na biyar na yanayin tebur na KDE wanda aka kirkira don tsarin Linux. An ƙaura zuwa QML tun tasowarta, ta amfani da OpenGL don haɓaka kayan aiki wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin amfani da CPU da ingantaccen aiki koda akan tsarin arha.

Yawancin sassan lambar sa an fito da su a ƙarƙashin GNU LGPL. Plasma 5 yana amfani da Tsarin Window X tare da goyan bayan Wayland har yanzu yana zuwa. Ya sami nasarar maye gurbin Plasma 4 akan yawancin rarrabawar Linux ciki har da Fedora, Kubuntu, da openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Plasma 5 yana ba da ingantacciyar tallafi don HiDPI, tare da ƙaura zuwa Qt5 wanda ke ɗaukar hotuna masu ƙarfi da ke nunawa ga GPU yana sa CPU sauri. Baya ga wannan Plasma 5 ya haɗa da sabon jigon tsoho mai suna Breeze.

Abubuwan da ke shafa KDE Plasma 5 sun haɗa da:

• Kwin – Tsoffin Window Manager.
• Dolphin – Tsoffin Manajan Fayil.
• Kwrite/KATE – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Greenview - Tsoffin Hoto.
• Dragon Player – Tsoffin Mai kunna Bidiyo.

Al'ummar KDE kuma sun gabatar da wayar hannu ta Plasma azaman bambance-bambancen Plasma don wayoyin hannu. Plasma mobile yana aiki akan Wayland kuma yana dacewa da Ubuntu touch kuma a ƙarshe aikace-aikacen Android. An fito da sabon ƙirar sa a cikin Yuli 2015, tare da samfurin aiki don Nexus 5.

Hakanan kuna iya son: Yadda ake Sanya KDE Plasma a cikin Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, da OpenSUSE]

6. Cinnamon

Wani yanayin tebur wanda ya samo asali daga GNOME shine Cinnamon, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin C, JavaScript, da Python kuma an sake shi ƙarƙashin GPLv2. Cinnamon da farko ya fara ne a matsayin cokali mai yatsa na GNOME Shell, tare da manufar samar da yanayin tebur don Linux Mint ta masu haɓaka Mint, amma saboda GUI daban-daban fiye da GNOME, yawancin aikace-aikacen GNOME na ainihi an sake rubutawa don dacewa da wannan Muhalli.

Aikin kirfa ya fara ne a cikin 2011 tare da sabon sakin da aka yi a watan Janairu na wannan shekara. Tare da wucewar lokaci, Cinnamon kanta ya zama aikin mai zaman kansa kuma ko da baya buƙatar shigarwar GNOME don shi. Sauran haɓakawa sun haɗa da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, haɓaka aiki, ƙwanƙwasa baki, da sauransu.

Abubuwan da suka haɗa wannan muhalli sune:

• Muffin – Tsoffin Window Manager.
• Nemo – Mai sarrafa fayil na asali.
• gedit – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Idon GNOME - Mai duba hoto na asali.
• totem – Mai kunna bidiyo na asali.

7. Fadakarwa

Haskakawa, wanda kuma aka sani kawai da E, shine mai sarrafa taga mai haɗawa don tsarin Window X, wanda ke ƙarƙashin haɓaka aiki tare da sabon sakin shine E24 0.24.2 a bara.

An haɓaka shi kawai a cikin C ta amfani da EFL (Libraries Foundation Foundation) kuma an sake shi ƙarƙashin Lasisi na BSD. Babban fa'idar da aka bayar shine ana iya amfani dashi tare da shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta don GNOME da KDE. Lokacin amfani dashi tare da EFL, yana zuwa azaman cikakken yanayin tebur.

Abubuwan da suka hada da wannan Muhalli na Desktop Haske sune:

• Haske – Tsohuwar mai sarrafa taga da mai sarrafa fayil.
• Ecrire – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Hoto - Mai kallon hoto.
• Rage – Mai kunna bidiyo.
• Hannun Hannu – Mai bincike na asali.

8. Zurfi

Wanda aka fi sani da Hiweed Linux a baya, Deepin shine rarrabawar Linux akan Ubuntu wanda ke amfani da mahallin tebur na Deepin da aka haɗa. An fara haɓaka shi a cikin 2014 ta Wuhan Deepin Technology Co, tare da sabon sakin da aka yi a watan Mayu na wannan shekara.

Ana fitar da yawancin sassan sa ƙarƙashin GPL. Yanayin tebur mai zurfi, kodayake da farko yayi kama da na GNOME, an raba shi da shi bayan sakin GNOME 3 saboda kawar da yawancin abubuwan da za a iya daidaita su. Sa'an nan kuma, an gina zurfi daga karce ta amfani da HTML5 da Webkit tare da amfani da JavaScript don ƙarin fasali.

Abubuwan da suka haɗa wannan yanayin tebur sune:

• Deepin-wm – Tsoffin manajan taga.
• Nautilus – Mai sarrafa fayil na asali.
• Gedit – Tsoffin editan fayil ɗin rubutu.
• Idon GNOME - Mai kallon hoto.
• Fim mai zurfi - Tsoffin Mai kunna Bidiyo.

9. LXQT

Wani yanayi mai sauƙi da sauƙi na tebur akan ginshiƙi, LXQT mataki ɗaya ne na gaba daga LXDE kuma ya haɗa LXDE (wanda ya dogara akan GTK 2) da Razor-qt (wanda shine kyakkyawan tunani amma bai sami nasarar fitowa a matsayin babban yanayin tebur ba).

LXQT da gaske shine haɗewar mashahuran mahallin GUI guda biyu watau GTK da Qt waɗanda aka saki ƙarƙashin GNU GPL 2.0+ da 2.1+. LXQT yana samuwa don rarraba Linux iri-iri ciki har da Ubuntu, Arch, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Mandriva, Mageia, Chakra, Gentoo, da dai sauransu.

Abubuwan da ke gyara yanayin tebur na LXQT sune:

• Akwatin buɗewa - Mai sarrafa taga na asali.
• PCManFM-Qt - Manajan Fayil na Farko.
• JuffED – Tsoffin Editan Rubutu.
• LXImage-Qt – Tsoffin Mai duba Hoto.
• SMPlayer – Tsoffin Mai kunna Bidiyo.

10. Pantheon – Elementary OS

An gabatar da mahallin tebur na Pantheon tare da OS na farko wanda shine tushen gabatar da wannan yanayin tebur. An rubuta shi daga karce ta amfani da Python da GTK3. Yawancin masu bita suna da'awar wannan mahallin tebur shine Mac Clone saboda daidaitaccen tsarinsa na Mac OS.

Girman shahararsa shine saboda sauki da kuma kyawun sa. Ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen sa yana da ban mamaki mai sauƙi kuma don haka sauri. Babban ka'idodin da aka kiyaye yayin haɓaka wannan mahalli sune: \Concision, \ka guji daidaitawa da ƙananan takardu.

Abubuwan da suka haɗa wannan yanayin tebur sune:

• Gala – Mai sarrafa taga na asali.
• Faylolin Pantheon - Mai sarrafa fayil na asali.
• Scratch – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Shotwell – Tsoffin Mai duba Hoto.
• Bidiyon GNOME – Mai kunna bidiyo na asali.
• Midori – Tsoffin Mai Binciken Gidan Yanar Gizo.

11. Common Desktop Environment

CDE ko Muhallin Desktop na gama gari yanayi ne na tebur don tsarin Unix da OpenVMS kuma ya kasance madaidaicin yanayin Unix Desktop wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan Unix na kasuwanci.

Yana ƙarƙashin ci gaba mai ƙarfi tun daga 1993, tare da sabon sakin kwanciyar hankali a cikin Janairu 2020 a bara. Tun lokacin da aka saki shi azaman software na kyauta a cikin Agusta 2012, an tura shi zuwa abubuwan Linux da BSD. Haɓaka farko na CDE wani yunƙurin haɗin gwiwa ne na HP, IBM, Sunsoft, da USL waɗanda suka fito da shi ƙarƙashin sunan Muhalli na Buɗe Software (COSE).

Tun lokacin da aka saki shi, HP ta sanar da shi azaman tsohuwar yanayin tebur don tsarin Unix kuma ya kasance a matsayin ma'auni na gaskiya har zuwa 2000 lokacin da yanayi kamar KDE, GNOME suka fara haɓakawa. A cikin watan Agusta 2012, ya zama cikakkiyar buɗe ido tare da samar da lambar tushen sa akan Sourceforge.

12. Window Maker

Window Maker shine tushen budewa kuma mai sarrafa taga X11 kyauta da farko yana da niyyar bayar da tallafin haɗin kai don GNUstep Desktop Environment, kodayake yana iya aiki da kansa. Maƙerin taga yana da nauyi da sauri, mai sauƙin daidaitawa, mai sauƙin amfani da dubawa, gajerun hanyoyin keyboard, aikace-aikacen dockable, da al'umma masu aiki.

13. Sugar

An haɓaka shi azaman yunƙuri don ilmantarwa mai ma'amala ga yara, Sugar wani yanayi ne mai kyauta kuma mai buɗewa a cikin hotuna. An haɓaka shi a Python da GTK, An haɓaka sukari a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ɗaya akan yaro (OLPC), ta Sugar Labs a watan Mayu 2006.

Ya kasance tsohuwar ƙirar tsarin OLPC XO-1, tare da sigogin baya suna ba da zaɓi na Sugar ko GNOME. An haɓaka shi a cikin yaruka daban-daban 25 kuma an sake shi a ƙarƙashin GNU GPL tare da sabon sakin shine 0.118 a cikin Disamba 2020.

Wasu daga cikin fasalulluka sun haɗa da sauƙi mai sauƙi a cikin ƙira, yanayin giciye kamar yadda yake samuwa akan manyan rarraba Linux kuma ana iya shigar dashi akan Windows, Mac OS, da dai sauransu, mai sauƙin canzawa kamar yadda duk wanda ke da ƙwarewa a Python zai iya ƙara haɓakawa tare da haɓakawa rashin amfanin sa shine rashin iya yin ayyuka da yawa wanda ke haifar da raguwar aiki.

Abubuwan da ke gyara Muhalli na Desktop Sugar sune:

• Metacity - Mai sarrafa taga tsoho.
• Littafin Sugar - Mai sarrafa fayil na asali.
• Rubuta – Tsoffin editan rubutu.
• Sugar-aikin-imageviewer - Tsoffin Hoto.
• sugar-aiki-jukebox - Tsoffin Mai kunna Bidiyo.

Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin buɗaɗɗen tushen mahalli na tebur Linux masu nauyi. Idan kuna da wani a zuciya wanda kuke son bayar da shawarar don ƙari ga wannan jerin, ku ambace mu a cikin sharhi kuma za mu haɗa shi a cikin jerinmu anan.