Yadda ake Sanya Tarin LEMP tare da PhpMyAdmin a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

Ga waɗanda daga cikinku waɗanda ba su san menene LEMP ba - wannan haɗin fakitin software ne - Linux, Nginx (lafazin EngineX), MariaDB da PHP.

Kuna iya amfani da LEMP don dalilai na gwaji biyu ko a cikin yanayin samarwa na gaske don tura aikace-aikacen yanar gizo ta amfani da tsarin PHP kamar Laravel ko Yii, ko tsarin sarrafa abun ciki kamar Joomla.

Kuna iya mamakin menene bambanci tsakanin LAMP da LEMP. To, kawai bambanci shine sabar gidan yanar gizon da aka haɗa - Apache (a cikin LAMP) da Nginx (a cikin LEMP). Dukansu sabar yanar gizo suna da kyau kuma yayin da Apache shine mafi yawan amfani da shi, Nginx baya komawa ta kowace hanya.

Wani aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da shi wanda aka saba shigar tare da tarin LEMP shine PhpMyAdmin - kayan aiki ne na tushen yanar gizo na PHP don gudanar da sabar bayanan MySQL/MariaDB daga mai binciken gidan yanar gizo.

Idan kuna neman saitin LAMP don Ubuntu 20.04, to yakamata ku karanta jagorar saitin LAMP akan Ubuntu 20.04.

1. Ubuntu 20.04 Jagoran Shigar uwar garken

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da daidaita ma'aunin LEMP tare da PhpMyAdmin a cikin uwar garken Ubuntu 20.04.

Mataki 1: Sanya Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04

1. Nginx sabar gidan yanar gizo ce ta zamani mai sauri wacce aka ƙera don sabar haɗin haɗin kai da yawa ba tare da cinye albarkatun sabar da yawa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa galibi shine zaɓin da aka fi so a cikin mahallin kasuwanci.

Hakanan ana amfani da NGINX azaman ma'aunin nauyi da ma'ajin abun ciki na yanar gizo. Yana goyan bayan tushen Suna da sabar sabar IP (mai kama da runduna kama-da-wane a Apache).

Kuna iya shigar da Nginx akan tebur na Ubuntu 20.04 ko uwar garken ta hanyar aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install nginx

Ana adana fayilolin sanyi na Nginx a ƙarƙashin /etc/nginx directory kuma babban fayil ɗin sanyi shine /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. Mahimmanci, tushen takardun sa na asali don adana fayilolin yanar gizon ku shine /usr/share/nginx/html/. Amma kuna iya amfani da daidaitaccen /var/www/html wanda yakamata a saita shi a cikin rukunin gidan yanar gizon ku ko fayil ɗin toshe uwar garken aikace-aikacen.

2. Mai shigar da kunshin Ubuntu yana haifar da tsarin don fara sabis na Nginx kuma yana ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik duk lokacin da aka sake kunna sabar. Yi amfani da umarnin systemctl masu zuwa don tabbatar da cewa sabis ɗin yana gudana kuma yana kunna.

$ sudo systemctl status nginx 
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled nginx

3. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a bincika idan shigarwar Nginx ya yi nasara ta hanyar kiran shafin Nginx ta hanyar mai bincike ta amfani da adireshin IP na uwar garke.

http://SERVER_IP

Idan ba ku san adireshin IP na uwar garken ku ba, zaku iya samun ta amfani da umarnin IP kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ ip addr show

Tsohuwar shafin yanar gizon NGINX ya kamata a ɗauka kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton hoto mai zuwa, yana mai tabbatar da shigarwa da aiki daidai.

Mataki 2: Sanya MariaDB Database akan Ubuntu 20.04

4. MariaDB sabon tsarin sarrafa bayanai ne na dangantaka wanda aka ƙera azaman cokali mai yatsu na MySQL bayan siyan Oracle.

Shigar da MariaDB yana da sauƙi kuma ana iya farawa tare da umarni kamar:

$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

5. Sabis ɗin MariaDB kuma yana farawa ta atomatik kuma yana ba da damar farawa koyaushe a boot ɗin tsarin kuma zaku iya tabbatar da wannan ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled mariadb

6. Idan kuna son inganta tsaro na MariaDB, zaku iya gudanar da umarnin mysql_secure_installation, wanda zai samar da wasu asali, amma mahimman zaɓuɓɓuka don daidaitawa:

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Sannan zaɓi zaɓi don saita kalmar sirrin mai amfani da tushen tushen bayanai (ko mai gudanarwa) sannan ku bi faɗakarwa kuma a hankali karanta tambayoyin. Don kiyaye uwar garken bayananku, amsa tambayoyin kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton allo.

• Shigar da kalmar sirri ta yanzu don tushen (shigar da babu): Shigar
• Saita tushen kalmar sirri? [Y/n] y
• Cire masu amfani da ba a san su ba? [Y/n] y
• A hana tushen shiga daga nesa? [Y/n] y
• Cire bayanan gwaji da samun dama gare shi? [Y/n] y
• Sake ɗorawa teburin gata yanzu? [Y/n] y

7. Don ƙirƙira, sarrafa, da aiwatar da ayyukan adana bayanai, kuna buƙatar umarnin mysql harsashi tare da alamar -u don tantance sunan mai amfani da bayanai da -p don samar da kalmar sirrin mai amfani. .

Don haɗawa azaman tushen mai amfani, yi amfani da umarnin sudo (ko da ba tare da alamar -p ba) in ba haka ba za ku sami kuskuren da aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ke gaba.

$ mysql -u root -p
$ sudo mysql -u root

Mataki 3: Shigar da PHP a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

8. PHP sanannen buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, sassauƙa, kuma yaren rubutun rubutu mai ƙarfi don gina gidajen yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo. Yana goyan bayan dabarun shirye-shirye iri-iri. Mahimmanci, jama'ar PHP suna da girma kuma daban-daban, sun ƙunshi ɗakunan karatu marasa adadi, tsarin aiki, da sauran abubuwan da ke da amfani.

NGINX yana amfani da FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) ko PHP-FPM, don aiwatar da rubutun PHP. PHP-FPM shine madadin aiwatar da FastCGI na PHP wanda aka fi amfani dashi sosai wanda ke jigilar kaya tare da ƙarin fasali da yawa kuma ana amfani dashi don ƙarfafa manyan wuraren zirga-zirga/aikace-aikacen yanar gizo.

Don shigar da PHP da PHP-FPM, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa wanda kuma zai shigar da wasu ƙarin fakitin da ake buƙata.

$ sudo apt install php php-mysql php-fpm

Tunda PHP 7.4 shine tsohuwar sigar PHP a cikin Ubuntu 20.04, fayilolin sanyi na PHP suna cikin /etc/php/7.4/ kuma ana adana fayilolin sanyi na PHP-FPM a ƙarƙashin /etc/php/7.4/fpm.

9. Na gaba, duba idan sabis na php7.4-fpm yana aiki kuma ko an kunna shi tare da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status php7.4-fpm
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled php7.4-fpm

Mataki 4: Sanya Nginx don aiki tare da PHP-FPM

10. Yanzu kuna buƙatar saita NGINX zuwa buƙatun abokin ciniki zuwa PHP-FPM, wanda ta tsohuwa an saita shi don saurare akan soket na UNIX kamar yadda ma'anar saurara ta bayyana a cikin /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www .conf tsoho fayil daidaitawar tafkin.

$ sudo vi /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 

11. A cikin tsoho uwar garken block sanyi fayil (/etc/nginx/sites-available/default), uncomment da wuri umarnin don sarrafa PHP buƙatun don yi kama da wanda aka nuna a cikin wadannan screenshot.

$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita.

12. Sa'an nan gwada NGINX Confinition syntax don daidai. Idan yayi kyau, sake kunna sabis na Nginx don amfani da sabbin canje-canje.

$ sudo nginx -t
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

13. Yanzu gwada idan NGINX na iya aiki tare da PHP-FPM don aiwatar da buƙatun PHP. Ƙirƙirar shafin info.php mai sauƙi a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen daftarin aiki.

$ echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/info.php

14. A cikin browser, kewaya ta amfani da adireshin da ke gaba. Shafin daidaitawar PHP ya kamata ya ɗauka yana nunawa kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke biyowa.

http://SERVER_IP/info.php

Mataki 5: Sanya PhpMyAdmin a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

15. PhpMyAdmin kyauta ne kuma buɗe tushen aikace-aikacen PHP na tushen yanar gizo wanda aka ƙirƙira musamman don gudanar da sabar bayanan MySQL/MariaDB ta hanyar burauzar yanar gizo. Yana ba da haɗin kai mai fa'ida kuma yana goyan bayan fa'idodin gama gari don ayyukan gudanar da bayanai.

$ sudo apt install phpmyadmin

16. A lokacin shigarwa na kunshin, za a umarce ku don saita bangarori da yawa na kunshin PhpMyAdmin. Da farko, za a sa a zaɓi tsohuwar uwar garken gidan yanar gizo don gudanar da shi. Latsa Esc saboda NGINX baya cikin lissafin da aka bayar.

17. Na gaba, PhpMyAdmin yana buƙatar database don aiki tare da. A cikin wannan fakitin faɗakarwar faɗakarwa, zaɓi Ee don saita bayanai don PhpMyAdmin tare da kunshin dbconfig-na kowa.

18. A cikin hanzari na gaba, kuna buƙatar samar da kalmar sirri don PhpMyAdmin don yin rajista tare da bayanan MariaDB. Shigar da amintaccen kalmar sirri kuma danna Shigar.

Mataki na 6: Saita NGINX don Bauta Shafin PhpMyAdmin

19. Don ba da damar NGINX don yin hidima ga rukunin yanar gizon PhpMyAdmin da ke /usr/share/phpmyadmin, ƙirƙirar symlink don wannan directory a ƙarƙashin tushen daftarin aiki, sannan saita izini daidai da ikon mallaka akan directory ɗin PHPMyAdmin kamar haka.

$ sudo ln -s  /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin
$ sudo chmod 775 -R /usr/share/phpmyadmin/
$ sudo chown root:www-data -R /usr/share/phpmyadmin/

20. Bayan haka, tabbatar da cewa umarnin index a cikin tsoho block uwar garken sanyi (/etc/nginx/sites-available/default) fayil ya hada da index.php kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wadannan screenshot.

21. Na gaba, sake kunna sabis na Nginx sau ɗaya don amfani da canje-canjen da ke sama.

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

22. Yanzu shiga shafin PhpMyAdmin daga browser ta amfani da adireshin da ke gaba.

http://SERVER_IP/phpmyadmin

A shafin shiga, tabbatar da sunan mai amfani da kuma kalmar sirri ta PHPMyAdmin. Ka tuna mai amfani da tushen mai nisa yana kashe sai dai idan kuna samun dama ga PHPMyAdmin akan localhost inda aka shigar da bayanan MariaDB, tushen tushen ba zai yi aiki ba.

Ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, kiyaye shigarwar PhpMyAdmin ɗin ku ta amfani da jagorarmu: 4 Nasiha masu fa'ida don Kiyaye Interface Yanar Gizo na PhpMyAdmin.

Kammalawa

Saitin LEMP ɗinku yanzu ya cika kuma zaku iya fara gina aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizon ku ko kuma kawai kuyi wasa tare da ayyukan Nginx da MariaDB waɗanda kuka shigar yanzu. Ana amfani da waɗannan ko'ina kuma samun ƙarin ilimi a cikinsu ana ba da shawarar sosai ga masu gudanar da tsarin.