Yadda ake Sarrafa RAIDs na Software a cikin Linux tare da Kayan aikin Mdadm - Sashe na 9


Ba tare da la’akari da gogewar da kuka yi a baya game da tsararrun RAID ba, kuma ko kun bi duk koyarwar da ke cikin wannan jerin RAID ko a’a, sarrafa RAIDs na software a cikin Linux ba abu ne mai rikitarwa ba da zarar kun saba da mdadm --manage umarni.

A cikin wannan koyawa za mu sake nazarin ayyukan da wannan kayan aiki ya samar don ku sami damar amfani da shi lokacin da kuke buƙata.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin labarin ƙarshe na wannan jerin, za mu yi amfani da tsari mai sauƙi na RAID 1 ( madubi) wanda ya ƙunshi faifai 8 GB guda biyu (/ dev/sdb da/dev/sdc) da na'ura ta farko (/ dev/sdd) don kwatanta, amma umarni da ra'ayoyin da aka jera a nan sun shafi sauran nau'ikan saitin su ma. Wannan ya ce, jin daɗin ci gaba da ƙara wannan shafin zuwa alamomin burauzan ku, kuma bari mu fara.

Fahimtar Zaɓuɓɓuka da Amfani da mdadm

Abin farin ciki, mdadm yana ba da alamar ginanniyar --help tuta wanda ke ba da bayani da takaddun shaida ga kowane babban zaɓi.

Don haka, bari mu fara da bugawa:

# mdadm --manage --help

don ganin menene ayyukan da mdadm --manage zai ba mu damar yin da kuma yadda:

Kamar yadda muke iya gani a hoton da ke sama, sarrafa tsararrun RAID ya ƙunshi yin ayyuka masu zuwa a lokaci ɗaya ko wani:

  1. (Sake) Ƙara na'ura zuwa tsararru.
  2. Alama na'urar a matsayin kuskure.
  3. Cire na'ura mara kyau daga tsararru.
  4. Maye gurbin na'urar da ba ta dace ba tare da abin da aka keɓe.
  5. Fara tsararru wanda aka gina wani bangare.
  6. Dakatar da tsararru.
  7. Alama tsararru azaman ro (karanta-kawai) ko rw (karanta-rubuta).

Sarrafa na'urorin RAID tare da Kayan aikin mdadm

Lura cewa idan kun bar --manage zaɓi, mdadm yana ɗaukar yanayin gudanarwa ta wata hanya. Rike wannan gaskiyar a zuciya don gujewa shiga cikin matsala gaba a ƙasa.

Rubutun da aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ya gabata yana nuna ainihin haɗin kai don sarrafa RAIDs:

# mdadm --manage RAID options devices

Bari mu kwatanta da ƴan misalai.

Yawancin lokaci za ku ƙara sabuwar na'ura lokacin da za ku maye gurbin mara kyau, ko kuma lokacin da kuke da abin da ake buƙata wanda kuke so a samu a cikin yanayin rashin nasara:

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1

Wannan mataki ne na wajibi kafin a cire na'urar a hankali a cikin tsararru, sannan a fitar da ita ta jiki daga na'urar - a cikin tsari (idan kun rasa ɗayan waɗannan matakan za ku iya haifar da ainihin lalacewa ga na'urar):

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdb1

Lura yadda ake amfani da na'urar da aka ƙara a cikin misalin da ya gabata don maye gurbin faifan da ya gaza kai tsaye. Ba wai kawai ba, amma farfadowa da sake gina bayanan hari suna farawa nan da nan:

Da zarar an nuna na'urar a matsayin gazawa da hannu, ana iya cire ta a cikin aminci daga jeri:

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdb1

Har zuwa wannan batu, muna da tsarin RAID 1 mai aiki wanda ya ƙunshi na'urori masu aiki 2: /dev/sdc1 da /dev/sdd1. Idan muka yi ƙoƙarin sake ƙara /dev/sdb1 zuwa /dev/md0 a yanzu:

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdb1

za mu ci karo da kuskure:

mdadm: --re-add for /dev/sdb1 to /dev/md0 is not possible

saboda an riga an yi tsararru na mafi girman adadin abubuwan tuƙi. Don haka muna da zaɓi guda 2: a) ƙara/dev/sdb1 azaman tanadi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Misali #1, ko b) cire /dev/sdd1 daga tsararrun sa'an nan kuma sake ƙara /dev/sdb1.

Mun zaɓi zaɓi b), kuma za mu fara da dakatar da tsararru don sake haɗa shi daga baya:

# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
# mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Idan umarnin da ke sama bai yi nasarar ƙara /dev/sdb1 zuwa tsararrun ba, yi amfani da umarnin daga Misali #1 don yin shi.

Ko da yake mdadm zai fara gano sabuwar na'urar da aka ƙara a matsayin abin ajiya, zai fara sake gina bayanan kuma lokacin da aka yi haka, ya kamata ya gane na'urar ta zama wani yanki mai aiki na RAID:

Maye gurbin faifai a cikin tsararru tare da kayan aiki yana da sauƙi kamar:

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --replace /dev/sdb1 --with /dev/sdd1

Wannan yana haifar da na'urar da ke bin -- tare da sauyawa zuwa RAID yayin da faifan da aka nuna ta hanyar --maye ana yiwa alama mara kyau:

Bayan ƙirƙirar tsararrun, dole ne ku ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil a samansa kuma ku sanya shi a kan kundin adireshi don amfani da shi. Abin da wataƙila ba ku sani ba a lokacin shi ne cewa kuna iya yiwa RAID alama a matsayin ro, don haka ba da damar karanta ayyukan karantawa kawai a kai, ko rw, don rubutawa na'urar kuma.

Don yiwa na'urar alama a matsayin ro, yana buƙatar farawa da farko:

# umount /mnt/raid1
# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --readonly
# mount /mnt/raid1
# touch /mnt/raid1/test1

Don saita tsararrun don ba da damar yin aiki kuma, yi amfani da zaɓin --readwrite. Lura cewa kuna buƙatar cire na'urar kuma dakatar da ita kafin saita tutar rw:

# umount /mnt/raid1
# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --stop
# mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --readwrite
# touch /mnt/raid1/test2

Takaitawa

A cikin wannan silsilar mun yi bayanin yadda ake saita nau'ikan RAID na software iri-iri waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin mahallin kasuwanci. Idan kun bi ta cikin labaran da misalan da aka bayar a cikin waɗannan labaran kun shirya don yin amfani da ikon RAIDs na software a cikin Linux.

Idan kuna da tambayoyi ko shawarwari, jin daɗin tuntuɓar mu ta amfani da fom ɗin da ke ƙasa.