Yadda ake Sanya GUI (Gnome 3) Amfani da CD/DVD akan RHEL/CentOS 7
A matsayina na mai kula da Linux fiye da shekaru 6, Ina ciyar da mafi yawan lokutana aiki a kan tashoshi, amma akwai wasu yanayi inda nake buƙatar GUI maimakon tasha. Ta hanyar tsoho, RHEL/CentOS 7 uwar garken an shigar da shi a matsayin mafi ƙanƙanta ba tare da wani tallafin Desktop ɗin Zane ba. Don haka, don shigar da GUI a saman ƙaramin shigarwa, muna da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu:
- Hanyar farko ita ce, shigar da GUI (watau Gnome 3) ta amfani da tsoffin ma'ajiya na tushe, zai zazzagewa kuma ya shigar da fakiti daga Intanet.
- Hanyar ta biyu ita ce, shigar da GUI ta amfani da hoton RHEL/CentOS 7 ISO ta na'urar CD/DVD na gida, wannan zai guje wa zazzage fakiti daga intanet.
Hanya ta farko ita ce ɗaukar lokaci, yayin da yake zazzage fakiti daga intanet kuma shigar da shi akan tsarin, idan kuna da haɗin Intanet mafi sauri za ku iya kawai rubuta umarnin mai zuwa akan tashar don shigar da GUI ba tare da wani lokaci ba.
# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" [On CentOS 7] # yum groupinstall "Server with GUI" [On RHEL 7]
Amma, waɗanda suke da haɗin kai a hankali, za su iya bin hanyar CD/DVD, a nan ana shigar da fakitin daga na'urar CD/DVD na gida, kuma shigarwa yana da sauri da sauri. fiye da hanyar farko.
Lura: Umarnin shigarwa na GUI iri ɗaya ne ga hanyoyin biyu, amma a nan babban burinmu shine mu guji zazzage fakiti daga intanit da rage lokaci.
Wadanda suke bin hanyar CD/DVD, dole ne su kasance suna da cikakken RHEL/CentOS 7 DVD ISO (zazzagewa da ƙone hoto zuwa CD/DVD) tare da su, saboda muna amfani da wannan hoton don ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar yum na gida. Don haka, yayin shigarwa na GUI, ana ɗaukar fakitin daga CD/DVD ɗin ku.
Lura: Don manufar zanga-zangar, Na yi amfani da hoton ISO na RHEL/CentOS 7 DVD don shigar da Gnome 3, amma wannan umarnin yana aiki akan RHEL 7 tare da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin umarni.
Mataki 1: Ƙirƙirar Ma'ajiyar Yum na Gida
1. Kafin ƙirƙirar rumbun ajiyar yum na gida, saka hoton CentOS 7 DVD ɗin ku na CD/DVD ɗin ku sannan ku saka shi ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.
Da farko, ƙirƙirar kundin 'cdrom' mara komai a ƙarƙashin'/mnt/'wuri kuma ku hau'cdrom'(/ dev/cdrom shine sunan tsoho na na'urar ku) ƙarƙashin'/mnt/cdrom'hanyar.
mkdir /mnt/cdrom mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
2. Da zarar an saka 'cdrom', za ku iya tabbatar da fayilolin da ke ƙarƙashin /mnt/cdrom ta amfani da umarnin ls.
cd /mnt/cdrom/ $ ls -l total 607 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 14 Jul 4 21:31 CentOS_BuildTag drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 EFI -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 611 Jul 4 21:31 EULA -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 18009 Jul 4 21:31 GPL drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 images drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 isolinux drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 LiveOS drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 581632 Jul 5 15:56 Packages drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Jul 5 16:13 repodata -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1690 Jul 4 21:31 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1690 Jul 4 21:31 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 -r--r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 2883 Jul 6 23:02 TRANS.TBL
3. Na gaba, ƙirƙiri sabon fayil ɗin rumbun yum na gida a ƙarƙashin '/etc/yum.repos.d/' ta amfani da editan da kuka fi so, anan ina amfani da editan Vi.
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/centos7.repo
Ƙara layin masu zuwa gare shi, ajiye kuma barin fayil ɗin.
[centos7] name=centos7 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo
Ƙara layin masu zuwa gare shi, ajiye kuma barin fayil ɗin.
[rhel7] name=rhel7 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Wasu bayani game da layin da ke sama.
- [centos7]: Sunan sabon sashin repo.
- suna: Sunan sabon ma'ajiyar.
- baseurl: Wurin fakitin yanzu.
- An kunna: Wurin da aka kunna, ƙimar '1' tana nufin kunnawa kuma '0' tana nufin kashewa.
- gpgcheck: Duba sa hannun fakitin, kafin saka su.
- gpgkey: Wurin maɓalli.
4. Yanzu, duba sabon ƙirƙira na gida ma'aji yana samuwa daga yum repost list, amma kafin haka dole ne ka share yum cache da kuma tabbatar da gida repo.
yum clean all yum repolist all
yum repolist all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centosmirror.go4hosting.in * extras: centosmirror.go4hosting.in * updates: centosmirror.go4hosting.in repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base enabled: 8,465 base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources disabled centos7 centos7 enabled: 3,538 centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus disabled centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources disabled debug/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo disabled extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras enabled: 80 extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources disabled updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates enabled: 1,459 updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources disabled repolist: 13,542
Lura: Shin kun gani a cikin abin da aka fitar na sama wanda aka haskaka da launin ja, wannan yana nufin an kunna repo na gida kuma akwai don shigar da fakiti.
Amma, zaku sami ma'ajin ajiya da yawa ana kunna su a cikin kayan aikin da ke sama, idan kuna ƙoƙarin shigar da kowane fakitin zai ɗauki CentOS Base azaman ma'ajiyar tsoho.
Misali, bari mu yi kokarin shigar da kunshin 'httpd' ta amfani da umarnin yum.
yum install httpd
============================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-18.el7.centos updates 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-18.el7.centos updates 77 k mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 10 M Is this ok [y/d/N]:
Lura: Kuna gani a cikin fitowar da ke sama, kunshin 'httpd' yana shigarwa daga wurin ajiyar tushe na CentOS, ko da kun tilasta yum don shigar da fakiti daga ma'ajiyar gida ta ƙara zaɓi '-enablerepo', har yanzu yana amfani da Base CentOS azaman repo na asali. Gwada shi ku ga sakamakon, zaku sami sakamako iri ɗaya kamar na sama.
yum --enablerepo=centos7 install httpd
Don haka, don shigar da fakiti daga ma'ajin mu na gida, muna buƙatar amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka '-disablerepo'don kashe duk wuraren ajiya da'-enablerepo'don kunna centos7 ko rhel7 repo.
Mataki 2: Sanya Gnome 3 a cikin RHEL/CentOS 7
5. Don shigar da GUI (Gnome 3) akan RHEL/CentOS 7 ƙaramin sabar shigarwa, gudanar da umarnin yum mai zuwa.
yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=centos7 groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=rhel7 groupinstall "Server with GUI"
Umurnin da ke sama zai girka kuma ya warware duk fakiti masu dogara ta amfani da ma'ajiyar gida, yayin shigarwa zai nemi tabbatarwa danna Y don ci gaba.
6. Lokacin da shigarwa ya ƙare, sanya tsarin ya yi ta atomatik zuwa Interface Graphical, a nan ba mu ƙara yin amfani da fayil ɗin '/etc/inittab' don canza runlevel, saboda RHEL/CentOS 7 ya canza zuwa systemd kuma a nan muna amfani da 'manufa' zuwa. canza ko saita tsoffin matakan runduna.
Gudun umarni mai zuwa don gaya wa tsarin don taya Gnome Desktop ta atomatik a farawa tsarin.
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
7. Da zarar kun saita tsoho 'manufa' don GUI, yanzu sake kunna uwar garken don shiga Gnome Desktop.
8. Da zarar Gnome 3 ya shigar, cire na'urar CD/DVD.
umount /mnt/cdrom