Saita RAID 10 ko 1+0 (Nested) a cikin Linux - Part 6


RAID 10 shine haɗin RAID 0 da RAID 1 don samar da RAID 10. Don saita Raid 10, muna buƙatar akalla 4 adadin diski. A cikin labarinmu na farko, mun ga yadda ake saita RAID 0 da RAID 1 tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin diski 2.

Anan za mu yi amfani da duka RAID 0 da RAID 1 don yin saitin Raid 10 tare da mafi ƙarancin fayafai 4. Yi tsammanin, cewa muna da wasu bayanan da aka ajiye zuwa ƙarar ma'ana, wanda aka halicce shi tare da RAID 10. Kawai alal misali, idan muna adana bayanan apple wannan za a adana a ƙarƙashin duk 4 diski ta wannan hanya mai zuwa.

Yin amfani da RAID 0 zai adana a matsayin A a cikin diski na farko da p a cikin diski na biyu, sannan kuma p a farkon. faifai da “l” a cikin faifai na biyu. Sa'an nan e a farkon faifai, kamar wannan zai ci gaba da aikin Round Robin don adana bayanan. Daga nan muka fahimci cewa RAID 0 zai rubuta rabin bayanan zuwa diski na farko da sauran rabin bayanan zuwa diski na biyu.

A cikin hanyar RAID 1, za a rubuta bayanai iri ɗaya zuwa wasu faifai 2 kamar haka. “A” zai rubuta zuwa faifai na farko da na biyu, “P” zai rubuta zuwa ga faifai biyu, Sake sauran “P” za su rubuta zuwa ga. duka faifai. Ta haka ta amfani da RAID 1 zai rubuta zuwa ga diski biyu. Wannan zai ci gaba a cikin tsarin zagaye.

Yanzu duk kun san cewa yadda RAID 10 ke aiki ta hanyar haɗa duka RAID 0 da RAID 1. Idan muna da lambar 4 na faifan girman girman 20 GB, zai zama 80 GB gabaɗaya, amma za mu sami 40 GB na ƙarfin ajiya kawai. , rabin jimillar iya aiki za a rasa don gina RAID 10.

  1. Yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki.
  2. Za mu saki biyu na iyawar faifai a cikin RAID 10.
  3. Karanta da rubutu za su yi kyau sosai, domin za su rubuta da karantawa ga duk waɗannan faifan 4 a lokaci guda.
  4. Ana iya amfani da shi don mafita na Database, wanda ke buƙatar babban faifan I/O ya rubuta.

A cikin RAID 10, muna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin diski 4, diski 2 na farko don RAID 0 da sauran diski 2 don RAID 1. Kamar yadda na faɗa a baya, RAID 10 shine Haɗa RAID 0 & 1 kawai. Idan muna buƙatar tsawaita RAID. rukuni, dole ne mu ƙara faifai ta mafi ƙarancin diski 4.

Operating System :	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 	:	192.168.0.229
Hostname	 	:	rd10.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 1 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdd
Disk 2 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdc
Disk 3 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdd
Disk 4 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sde

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don saita RAID 10, amma a nan zan nuna muku hanyoyin biyu, amma na fi son ku bi hanyar farko, wanda ya sa aikin ya fi sauƙi don kafa RAID 10.

Hanyar 1: Saita Raid 10

1. Da farko, tabbatar da cewa an gano duk faifan diski guda 4 da aka ƙara ko kuma a'a ta amfani da wannan umarni.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd

2. Da zarar an gano faifai guda huɗu, lokaci ya yi da za a bincika abubuwan tafiyarwa ko an riga an sami wani hari kafin ƙirƙirar sabon.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde

Lura: A cikin fitowar da ke sama, kun ga babu wani babban katange da aka gano tukuna, wannan yana nufin babu RAID da aka ayyana a cikin duk fayafai 4.

3. Yanzu ƙirƙirar sabon bangare akan duk faifan 4 (/ dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd da/dev/sde) ta amfani da kayan aikin 'fdisk'.

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

Bari in nuna muku yadda ake raba ɗaya daga cikin faifai (/dev/sdb) ta amfani da fdisk, waɗannan matakan za su kasance iri ɗaya ga duk sauran faifan ma.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

Da fatan za a yi amfani da matakan da ke ƙasa don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare akan /dev/sdb drive.

  1. Latsa 'n' don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.
  2. Sa'an nan kuma zaɓi 'P' don bangare na Farko.
  3. Sannan a zabi ‘1’ don zama bangare na farko.
  4. Na gaba danna 'p' don buga ɓangaren da aka ƙirƙira.
  5. Canza Nau'in, Idan muna buƙatar sanin kowane nau'in da ke akwai Latsa 'L'.
  6. A nan, muna zaɓar 'fd' kamar yadda nau'in nawa shine RAID.
  7. Na gaba latsa 'p' don buga ɓangarorin da aka ƙayyade.
  8. Sai kuma a sake amfani da 'p' don buga canje-canjen da muka yi.
  9. Yi amfani da 'w' don rubuta canje-canje.

Lura: Da fatan za a yi amfani da umarni iri ɗaya na sama don ƙirƙirar ɓangarori akan wasu diski (sdc, sdd sdd sde).

4. Bayan ƙirƙirar duk 4 partitions, kuma kana bukatar ka bincika tafiyarwa ga wani riga data kasance hari ta amfani da wadannan umarni.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1

OR

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1

Lura: Abubuwan da ke sama suna nuna cewa babu wani babban katange da aka gano akan duk sabbin ɓangarori huɗu da aka ƙirƙira, wannan yana nufin za mu iya ci gaba don ƙirƙirar RAID 10 akan waɗannan abubuwan tafiyarwa.

5. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri na'urar 'md' (watau/dev/md0), ta amfani da kayan sarrafa hari na 'mdadm'. Kafin, ƙirƙirar na'ura, dole ne tsarin ku ya sanya kayan aikin 'mdadm', idan ba a fara shigar da shi ba.

# yum install mdadm		[on RedHat systems]
# apt-get install mdadm 	[on Debain systems]

Da zarar an shigar da kayan aikin 'mdadm', yanzu zaku iya ƙirƙirar na'urar hari ta 'md' ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=10 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sd[b-e]1

6. Na gaba tabbatar da sabuwar na'urar kai hari ta amfani da umarnin 'cat'.

# cat /proc/mdstat

7. Na gaba, bincika duk faifan 4 ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa. Fitar da umarnin da ke ƙasa zai kasance tsawon lokacin yana nuna bayanan duk fayafai 4.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]1

8. Na gaba, duba cikakkun bayanai na Raid Array tare da taimakon bin umarni.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Lura: Kun ga a cikin sakamakon da ke sama, cewa matsayin Raid yana aiki kuma yana sake daidaitawa.

9. Ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil ta amfani da ext4 don 'md0' kuma saka shi a ƙarƙashin'/mnt/raid10'. Anan, na yi amfani da ext4, amma kuna iya amfani da kowane nau'in tsarin fayil idan kuna so.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

10. Bayan ƙirƙirar tsarin fayil, hawan tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin '/mnt/raid10' kuma jera abubuwan da ke cikin wurin dutsen ta amfani da umarnin 'ls -l'.

# mkdir /mnt/raid10
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid10/
# ls -l /mnt/raid10/

Na gaba, ƙara wasu fayiloli a ƙarƙashin mount point kuma saka wasu rubutu a kowane ɗayan fayil ɗin kuma duba abun ciki.

# touch /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
# ls -l /mnt/raid10/
# echo "raid 10 setup with 4 disks" > /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
# cat /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt

11. Don haɓakawa ta atomatik, buɗe fayil ɗin '/ sauransu/fstab' kuma saka shigarwar da ke ƙasa a cikin fstab, na iya zama mount point zai bambanta gwargwadon yanayin ku. Ajiye ku daina amfani da wq!.

# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/md0                /mnt/raid10              ext4    defaults        0 0

12. Na gaba, tabbatar da '/etc/fstab'fayil don kowane kurakurai kafin sake kunna tsarin ta amfani da umarnin 'mount -a'.

# mount -av

13. Ta hanyar tsoho RAID ba su da fayil ɗin daidaitawa, don haka muna buƙatar adana shi da hannu bayan yin duk matakan da ke sama, don adana waɗannan saitunan yayin boot ɗin tsarin.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf

Shi ke nan, mun ƙirƙiri RAID 10 ta amfani da hanyar 1, wannan hanyar ita ce mafi sauƙi. Yanzu bari mu ci gaba zuwa saitin RAID 10 ta amfani da hanyar 2.

Hanyar 2: Ƙirƙirar RAID 10

1. A cikin hanyar 2, dole ne mu ayyana nau'ikan 2 na RAID 1 sannan muna buƙatar ayyana RAID 0 ta amfani da waɗanda aka ƙirƙira RAID 1. Anan, abin da za mu yi shi ne mu fara ƙirƙirar madubai 2 (RAID1) sannan kuma zazzage sama da RAID0.

Da farko, jera faifai waɗanda duk akwai don ƙirƙirar RAID 10.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd

2. Rarraba dukkan diski 4 ta amfani da umarnin 'fdisk'. Don rarrabawa, kuna iya bin # mataki na 3 a sama.

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

3. Bayan raba duk 4 diski, yanzu bincika faifai don kowane ɓangarorin hare-hare.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]1

4. Da farko bari in ƙirƙiri 2 sets na RAID 1 ta amfani da 4 disks 'sdb1' da 'sdc1' da sauran saitin ta amfani da 'sdd1' & 'sde1'.

# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --metadata=1.2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
# mdadm --create /dev/md2 --metadata=1.2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[d-e]1
# cat /proc/mdstat

5. Na gaba, ƙirƙirar RAID 0 ta amfani da na'urorin md1 da md2.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md1 /dev/md2
# cat /proc/mdstat

6. Muna buƙatar adana Kanfigareshan a ƙarƙashin '/etc/mdadm.conf'don loda duk na'urorin hari a kowane lokacin sake yi.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf

Bayan haka, muna buƙatar bin # Mataki na 3 Samar da tsarin fayil na hanya 1.

Shi ke nan! mun ƙirƙiri RAID 1 + 0 ta amfani da hanyar 2. Za mu kwance sararin diski guda biyu a nan, amma aikin zai kasance mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da kowane saitin hari.

Kammalawa

Anan mun ƙirƙiri RAID 10 ta amfani da hanyoyi biyu. RAID 10 yana da kyakkyawan aiki da sakewa kuma. Fata wannan yana taimaka muku fahimtar matakin RAID 10 Nested Raid. Bari mu ga yadda ake haɓaka tsararrun hare-hare da yawa da ƙari a cikin labarai na masu zuwa.