Haɓaka Tsararrun RAID ɗin da take da kuma Cire Fasalolin da ba a yi nasara ba a cikin Raid - Sashe na 7

Kowane sabon sabon zai sami ruɗar kalmar tsararru. Array tarin fayafai ne kawai. A wasu kalmomi, za mu iya kiran array azaman saiti ko rukuni. Kamar saitin ƙwai mai ɗauke da lambobi 6. Hakanan RAID Array ya ƙunshi adadin diski, yana iya zama 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 da sauransu. Da fatan yanzu kun san menene Array.

Anan za mu ga yadda ake girma (ƙara) rukunin tsararru ko ƙungiyar hari. Misali, idan muna amfani da faifai 2 a cikin tsararru don samar da saitin hari 1, kuma a wani yanayi idan muna buƙatar ƙarin sarari a cikin rukunin, zamu iya tsawaita girman tsararrun ta amfani da mdadm – girma umarni, kawai ta ƙara ɗaya daga cikin faifai zuwa tsararrun da ke akwai. Bayan girma (ƙara faifai zuwa tsararrun da ke akwai), za mu ga yadda ake cire ɗayan faifan da ya gaza daga tsararrun.

A dauka cewa daya daga cikin faifan yana da rauni kadan kuma yana bukatar cire wannan faifan, har sai ya kasa bar shi a yi amfani da shi, amma muna bukatar mu kara daya daga cikin faifan diski mu shuka madubin kafin ya kasa, saboda muna bukatar mu ajiye bayananmu. Yayin da faifan rauni ya gaza za mu iya cire shi daga tsararru wannan shine manufar da za mu gani a cikin wannan batu.

  1. Muna iya girma (tsawo) girman kowane saitin hari.
  2. Muna iya cire faifan da ba daidai ba bayan haɓaka tsararrun hari tare da sabon faifai.
  3. Muna iya haɓaka tsararrun hari ba tare da wani lokaci ba.

  1. Don haɓaka tsararrun RAID, muna buƙatar saitin RAID ɗin da ke wanzu (Array).
  2. Muna buƙatar ƙarin faifai don haɓaka Array.
  3. A nan ina amfani da faifai 1 don haɓaka tsararrun da ke akwai.

Kafin mu koyi game da girma da murmurewa na Array, dole ne mu sani game da tushen matakan RAID da saiti. Bi hanyoyin da ke ƙasa don sanin waɗannan saitin.

  1. Fahimtar Basic Concepts RAID - Part 1
  2. Ƙirƙirar Raid 0 na Software a cikin Linux - Kashi na 2

Operating System 	:	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 	:	192.168.0.230
Hostname		:	grow.tecmintlocal.com
2 Existing Disks 	:	1 GB
1 Additional Disk	:	1 GB

Anan, RAID ɗin da na riga na kasance yana da adadin diski guda 2 tare da kowane girman 1GB kuma yanzu muna ƙara ƙarin diski guda ɗaya wanda girmansa shine 1GB zuwa jerin hare-hare na yanzu.

Haɓaka Tsararrun RAID ɗin da ta kasance

1. Kafin girma tsararru, da farko jera tsararrun Raid ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Lura: Fitowar da ke sama tana nuna cewa na riga na sami faifai guda biyu a cikin tsararrun Raid tare da matakin raid1. Yanzu a nan muna ƙara ƙarin faifai guda ɗaya zuwa tsararrun da ke akwai,

2. Yanzu bari mu ƙara sabon faifai sdd kuma mu ƙirƙiri bangare ta amfani da umarnin 'fdisk'.

# fdisk /dev/sdd

Da fatan za a yi amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa don ƙirƙirar bangare akan /dev/sdd drive.

  1. Latsa 'n' don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.
  2. Sa'an nan kuma zaɓi 'P' don bangare na Farko.
  3. Sannan a zabi ‘1’ don zama bangare na farko.
  4. Na gaba danna 'p' don buga ɓangaren da aka ƙirƙira.
  5. A nan, muna zaɓar 'fd' kamar yadda nau'in nawa shine RAID.
  6. Na gaba latsa 'p' don buga ɓangarorin da aka ƙayyade.
  7. Sai kuma a sake amfani da 'p' don buga canje-canjen da muka yi.
  8. Yi amfani da 'w' don rubuta canje-canje.

3. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri sabon ɓangaren sdd, zaku iya tabbatar da shi ta amfani da umarnin ƙasa.

# ls -l /dev/ | grep sd

4. Na gaba, bincika sabon faifan diski da aka ƙirƙira don kowane hari da ke akwai, kafin ƙara zuwa tsararru.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1

Lura: Fitowar da ke sama tana nuna cewa diski ɗin ba shi da wani babban tubali da aka gano, yana nufin za mu iya ci gaba don ƙara sabon faifai zuwa tsararrun da ke akwai.

4. Don ƙara sabon bangare /dev/sdd1 a cikin md0 data kasance, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1

5. Da zarar an ƙara sabon faifai, bincika faifan da aka ƙara a cikin tsararrun mu ta amfani da.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Lura: A cikin fitarwar da ke sama, zaku iya ganin an ƙara abin tuƙi a matsayin abin ajiya. Anan, mun riga mun sami faifai 2 a cikin tsararru, amma abin da muke tsammani shine na'urori 3 a cikin tsararru don hakan muna buƙatar haɓaka tsararrun.

6. Don haɓaka tsararrun dole ne mu yi amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# mdadm --grow --raid-devices=3 /dev/md0

Yanzu muna iya ganin diski na uku (sdd1) an saka shi zuwa array, bayan an saka diski na uku zai daidaita bayanan daga sauran diski guda biyu.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Lura: Don girman girman diski zai ɗauki sa'o'i don daidaita abubuwan da ke ciki. Anan na yi amfani da faifan kama-da-wane 1GB, don haka an yi shi da sauri cikin daƙiƙa.

Cire Disks daga Array

7. Bayan an daidaita bayanan zuwa sabon faifai ‘sdd1’ daga wasu faifai guda biyu, wannan yana nufin duk diski uku yanzu suna da abun ciki iri daya.

Kamar yadda na fada a baya bari mu ɗauka cewa ɗayan faifan yana da rauni kuma yana buƙatar cirewa, kafin ya gaza. Don haka, yanzu ɗauka cewa diski 'sdc1' yana da rauni kuma yana buƙatar cire shi daga tsararrun da ke akwai.

Kafin cire diski dole ne mu sanya alamar diski a matsayin wanda ya gaza, sannan mu kawai za mu iya cire shi.

# mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Daga fitowar da ke sama, muna ganin a fili cewa an yiwa faifai alamar kuskure a ƙasa. Ko da kuskurensa, muna iya ganin na'urorin kai hari 3, sun kasa 1 kuma jihar ta lalace.

Yanzu dole ne mu cire kuskuren drive daga tsararru kuma mu haɓaka tsararru tare da na'urori 2, ta yadda za a saita na'urorin hari zuwa na'urori 2 kamar da.

# mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1

8. Da zarar an cire kuskuren drive, yanzu dole ne mu haɓaka tsararrun hari ta amfani da faifai 2.

# mdadm --grow --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Daga game da fitarwa, za ku ga cewa tsararrun mu yana da na'urori 2 kawai. Idan kana buƙatar sake haɓaka tsararrun, bi matakan guda ɗaya kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Idan kana buƙatar ƙara abin tuƙi a matsayin kayan aiki, yi masa alama a matsayin abin da aka keɓe don idan faifan ya gaza, zai kunna kai tsaye kuma ya sake ginawa.

Kammalawa

A cikin labarin, mun ga yadda ake haɓaka saitin harin da ake da shi da kuma yadda ake cire faifai mara kyau daga tsararru bayan sake daidaita abubuwan da ke ciki. Duk waɗannan matakan ana iya yin su ba tare da wani lokaci ba. Lokacin daidaita bayanai, masu amfani da tsarin, fayiloli da aikace-aikace ba za su sami tasiri a kowane hali ba.

A gaba, labarin zan nuna muku yadda ake gudanar da RAID, har sai ku kasance tare da sabuntawa kuma kar ku manta da ƙara sharhinku.