Saita Matakin RAID na 6 (Tafi tare da Rarraba Biyu) a cikin Linux - Kashi na 5

Don saita RAID 6, ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lambobi 4 na diski ko fiye a cikin saiti. RAID 6 yana da faifai da yawa ko da a wasu saitin yana iya samun ɗimbin ɗimbin faifai, yayin karantawa, za a karanta daga dukkan faifai, don haka karatu zai yi sauri yayin da rubutu zai yi rauni saboda dole ne tsiri akan faifai masu yawa.

Yanzu, da yawa daga cikinmu sun zo ƙarshe, me yasa muke buƙatar amfani da RAID 6, lokacin da ba ya yin kamar kowane RAID. Hmm... wadanda suka yi wannan tambayar ya kamata su sani cewa, idan suna bukatar babban haquri su zabi RAID 6. A duk mafi girman muhallin da ke da wadatar bayanai, suna amfani da RAID 6 saboda database shine mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmanci. yana buƙatar zama lafiya a kowane farashi, kuma yana iya zama da amfani ga yanayin yawo na bidiyo.

1. Aiki yana da kyau.
2. RAID 6 yana da tsada, saboda yana buƙatar faifai masu zaman kansu ana amfani da su don ayyukan daidaitawa.
3. Zai kwance damar fayafai guda biyu don amfani da bayanin daidaici (labarai biyu).
4. Babu asarar bayanai, koda bayan diski biyu sun kasa. Za mu iya sake ginawa ta hanyar daidaitawa bayan maye gurbin faifan da ya gaza.
5. Karanta zai fi RAID 5 kyau, saboda yana karantawa daga faifai da yawa, Amma aikin rubutu zai yi rauni sosai ba tare da kwazo na RAID Controller ba.

Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lambobi 4 na diski don ƙirƙirar RAID 6. Idan kuna son ƙara ƙarin fayafai, kuna iya, amma dole ne ku sami mai sarrafa kai hari. A cikin software RAID, ba za mu sami mafi kyawun aiki a RAID 6. Don haka muna buƙatar mai kula da RAID na jiki.

Wadanda suke sababbi zuwa saitin RAID, muna ba da shawarar shiga cikin labaran RAID da ke ƙasa.

1. Basic Concepts of RAID in Linux – Part 1
2. Ƙirƙirar RAID 0 (Stripe) Software a cikin Linux - Kashi na 2
3. Kafa RAID 1 (Mirroring) a cikin Linux – Sashe na 3

Operating System :	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 :	192.168.0.228
Hostname	 :	rd6.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 1 [20GB]	 :	/dev/sdb
Disk 2 [20GB]	 :	/dev/sdc
Disk 3 [20GB]	 :	/dev/sdd
Disk 4 [20GB]	 : 	/dev/sde

Wannan labarin shine Sashe na 5 na jerin RAID na koyarwa na 9, anan zamu ga yadda zamu iya ƙirƙira da saita Software RAID 6 ko Striping with Double Distributed Parity a cikin tsarin Linux ko sabar ta amfani da diski na 20GB guda huɗu mai suna/dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd da /dev/sde.

Mataki 1: Shigar da mdadm Tool da kuma bincika Drives

1. Idan kuna bin labaranmu na Raid guda biyu na ƙarshe (Sashe na 2 da Sashe na 3), inda muka riga muka nuna yadda ake shigar da kayan aikin 'mdadm'. Idan kun kasance sababbi ga wannan labarin, bari in bayyana cewa 'mdadm' kayan aiki ne don ƙirƙira da sarrafa Raid a cikin tsarin Linux, bari mu shigar da kayan aiki ta amfani da bin umarni bisa ga rarraba Linux.

# yum install mdadm		[on RedHat systems]
# apt-get install mdadm 	[on Debain systems]

2. Bayan shigar da kayan aiki, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da haɗe-haɗe guda huɗu waɗanda za mu yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar hari ta amfani da umarnin 'fdisk' mai zuwa.

# fdisk -l | grep sd

3. Kafin ƙirƙirar RAID Drive, koyaushe bincika faifan diski ɗin mu ko akwai RAID da aka riga aka ƙirƙira akan diski.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde

Lura: A cikin hoton da ke sama yana nuna cewa babu wani babban katange da aka gano ko kuma babu RAID da aka bayyana a cikin faifai guda huɗu. Zamu iya matsawa gaba don fara ƙirƙirar RAID 6.

Mataki 2: Drive Partitioning don RAID 6

4. Yanzu ƙirƙirar ɓangarori don hari akan '/ dev/sdb', '/ dev/sdc', '/ dev/sdd' da '/ dev/sde' tare da taimakon bin umarnin fdisk. Anan, zamu nuna yadda ake ƙirƙirar bangare akan sdb drive kuma daga baya matakan iri ɗaya da za'a bi don sauran abubuwan tafiyarwa.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

Da fatan za a bi umarnin kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa don ƙirƙirar bangare.

1. Latsa 'n' don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.
2. Sa'an nan kuma zaɓi 'P' don bangare na Farko.
3. Na gaba zaɓi lambar ɓangaren azaman 1.
4. Bayyana ƙimar tsoho ta hanyar danna maɓallin Shigar sau biyu kawai.
5. Na gaba latsa 'P' don buga ɓangarorin da aka ƙayyade.
6. Latsa 'L' don lissafta duk nau'ikan da ake da su.
7. Buga 't' don zaɓar ɓangarori.
8. Zaɓi 'fd' don Linux raid auto kuma danna Shigar don amfani.
9. Sai kuma amfani da 'P' don buga canje-canjen da muka yi.
10. Yi amfani da 'w' don rubuta canje-canje.

# fdisk /dev/sdc

# fdisk /dev/sdd

# fdisk /dev/sde

5. Bayan ƙirƙirar partitions, yana da ko da yaushe mai kyau al'ada don bincika tafiyarwa don super-blocks. Idan super-blocks ba su wanzu fiye da yadda za mu iya zuwa gaba don ƙirƙirar sabon saitin RAID.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1


or

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1

Mataki na 3: Ƙirƙirar na'urar md (RAID)

6. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri na'urar Raid 'md0' (watau/dev/md0) kuma yi amfani da matakin hari akan duk sabbin sassan da aka ƙirƙira kuma tabbatar da harin ta amfani da bin umarni.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
# cat /proc/mdstat

7. Hakanan zaka iya duba tsarin kai hari na yanzu ta amfani da umarnin agogo kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin allo a ƙasa.

# watch -n1 cat /proc/mdstat

8. Tabbatar da na'urorin kai hari ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1

Lura:: Umurnin da ke sama zai nuna bayanan faifai guda huɗu, wanda ke da tsayi sosai don haka ba zai yiwu a saka fitarwa ko ɗaukar allo a nan ba.

9. Na gaba, tabbatar da tsararrun RAID don tabbatar da cewa an fara sake daidaitawa.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Mataki 4: Ƙirƙirar FileSystem akan Na'urar Raid

10. Ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil ta amfani da ext4 don '/ dev/md0' kuma saka shi a ƙarƙashin /mnt/raid6. Anan mun yi amfani da ext4, amma kuna iya amfani da kowane nau'in tsarin fayil gwargwadon zaɓinku.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

11. Dutsen tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin /mnt/raid6kuma tabbatar da fayilolin da ke ƙarƙashin mount point, za mu iya ganin batattu + samu directory.

# mkdir /mnt/raid6
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid6/
# ls -l /mnt/raid6/

12. Ƙirƙiri wasu fayiloli a ƙarƙashin mount point kuma saka wasu rubutu a kowane ɗayan fayil ɗin don tabbatar da abun ciki.

# touch /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt
# ls -l /mnt/raid6/
# echo "tecmint raid setups" > /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt
# cat /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt

13. Ƙara wani shigarwa a cikin /etc/fstab don hawan na'urar ta atomatik a lokacin farawa na tsarin kuma saka shigarwar da ke ƙasa, wurin hawan zai iya bambanta dangane da yanayin ku.

# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/md0                /mnt/raid6              ext4    defaults        0 0

14. Na gaba, aiwatar da umarni 'mount -a' don tabbatar da ko akwai wani kuskure a shigarwar fstab.

# mount -av

Mataki 5: Ajiye Kanfigareshan RAID 6

15. Lura ta tsohuwa RAID ba su da fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Dole ne mu adana shi ta hanyar amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa sannan mu tabbatar da matsayin na'urar '/ dev/md0'.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Mataki na 6: Ƙara Kayan Wuta

16. Yanzu yana da faifai 4 kuma akwai bayanan daidaito guda biyu. A wasu lokuta, idan ɗaya daga cikin faifan ya gaza za mu iya samun bayanan, saboda akwai nau'i biyu a cikin RAID 6.

Wataƙila idan diski na biyu ya gaza, za mu iya ƙara sabo kafin kwance diski na uku. Yana yiwuwa a ƙara kayan aiki yayin ƙirƙirar saitin RAID ɗin mu, Amma ban ayyana mashin ɗin ba yayin ƙirƙirar saitin harin mu. Amma, za mu iya ƙara kayan aiki bayan kowace gazawar drive ko yayin ƙirƙirar saitin RAID. Yanzu mun riga mun ƙirƙiri saitin RAID yanzu bari in ƙara abin fayafai don nunawa.

Don manufar zanga-zangar, Na yi zafi-tushe sabon faifan HDD (watau /dev/sdf), bari mu tabbatar da faifan da aka haɗe.

# ls -l /dev/ | grep sd

17. Yanzu sake tabbatar da sabon faifan da aka haɗe don kowane hari an riga an daidaita shi ko ba amfani da umarnin mdadm iri ɗaya ba.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdf

Lura: Kamar yadda muka saba, kamar yadda muka ƙirƙiri ɓangarori don faifai huɗu a baya, hakazalika dole ne mu ƙirƙiri sabon bangare akan sabon toshe diski ta amfani da umarnin fdisk.

# fdisk /dev/sdf

18. Bugu da ƙari bayan ƙirƙirar sabon bangare akan/dev/sdf, tabbatar da harin a kan ɓangaren, haɗa da kayan aiki na kayan aiki zuwa na'urar hari/dev/md0 kuma tabbatar da na'urar da aka kara.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdf
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdf1
# mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdf1
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Mataki 7: Bincika Haƙurin Laifi na Raid 6

19. Yanzu, bari mu duba ko spare drive aiki ta atomatik, idan wani na faifai kasa a cikin Array. Don gwaji, ni da kaina na yi alama ɗaya daga cikin tuƙin ya gaza.

Anan, za mu yiwa /dev/sdd1 alama a matsayin abin da ya gaza.

# mdadm --manage --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1

20. Bari in sami cikakkun bayanai na saitin RAID yanzu kuma in duba ko kayan aikin mu ya fara daidaitawa.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Huraira! Anan, zamu iya ganin an kunna kayan aikin kuma an fara aikin sake ginawa. A ƙasa muna iya ganin faifan drive /dev/sdd1 da aka jera a matsayin kuskure. Za mu iya sa ido kan tsarin gini ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# cat /proc/mdstat

Ƙarshe:

Anan, mun ga yadda ake saita RAID 6 ta amfani da diski huɗu. Wannan matakin RAID yana ɗaya daga cikin saiti mai tsada tare da babban sakewa. Za mu ga yadda ake saita Nsted RAID 10 da ƙari a cikin labarai masu zuwa. Har zuwa lokacin, ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da TECMIN.