Ƙirƙirar software RAID0 (Stripe) akan na'urori biyu Amfani da mdadm Tool a Linux - Part 2

RAID ne Mai Rage Tsarukan faifai marasa tsada, ana amfani da shi don samun wadatuwa da aminci a cikin manyan mahalli, inda ake buƙatar kiyaye bayanai fiye da amfani na yau da kullun. Raid tarin faifai ne kawai a cikin tafkin don zama ƙarar ma'ana kuma ya ƙunshi tsararru. Mai haɗa direbobi yana yin tsararru ko ake kira azaman saitin (ƙungiyar).

Ana iya ƙirƙira RAID, idan akwai mafi ƙarancin adadin faifai guda 2 da aka haɗa zuwa mai sarrafa hari kuma yin ƙarar ma'ana ko ƙarin fayafai za a iya ƙarawa a cikin tsararru bisa ga ƙayyadaddun matakan RAID. Ana samun Raid Software ba tare da amfani da kayan aikin jiki ba waɗanda ake kiran su azaman harin software. Software Raid za a kira shi a matsayin Poor man hari.

Babban manufar yin amfani da RAID shine adana bayanai daga wurin gazawar guda ɗaya, yana nufin idan muka yi amfani da faifai guda ɗaya don adana bayanan kuma idan ta gaza, to babu damar dawo da bayanan mu, don dakatar da asarar bayanan da muke buƙata. Hanyar hakuri da kuskure. Don haka, za mu iya amfani da wasu tarin faifai don samar da saitin RAID.

Stripe yana fitar da bayanai a kan faifai da yawa a lokaci guda ta hanyar rarraba abubuwan da ke ciki. A ɗauka muna da diski guda biyu kuma idan muka adana abun ciki zuwa ƙarar ma'ana za a adana a ƙarƙashin duka diski biyu na zahiri ta hanyar rarraba abun ciki. Don ingantaccen aikin RAID 0 za a yi amfani da shi, amma ba za mu iya samun bayanan ba idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ya gaza. Don haka, ba kyakkyawan aiki ba ne don amfani da RAID 0. Magani kawai shine shigar da tsarin aiki tare da RAID0 amfani da kundin ma'ana don kare mahimman fayilolinku.

  1. RAID 0 yana da Babban Aiki.
  2. Rashin Ƙarfin Sifili a cikin RAID 0. Babu sarari da za a yi asarar.
  3. Haƙuri mara laifi (Ba za a iya dawo da bayanan ba idan ɗayan faifai ya gaza).
  4. Rubuta da Karatu za su yi kyau.

Ana ba da izinin mafi ƙarancin adadin diski don ƙirƙirar RAID 0 shine 2, amma zaku iya ƙara ƙarin diski amma tsari ya kamata ya zama sau biyu kamar 2, 4, 6, 8. Idan kuna da katin RAID na jiki tare da isassun tashoshin jiragen ruwa, zaku iya ƙara ƙarin diski. .

Anan ba muna amfani da harin Hardware ba, wannan saitin ya dogara ne akan Software RAID kawai. Idan muna da katin hari na kayan aiki na zahiri za mu iya samun dama gare shi daga UI mai amfani. Wasu motherboard ta tsohuwar ginawa tare da fasalin RAID, a can za a iya shiga UI ta amfani da maɓallan Ctrl+I.

Idan kun kasance sababbi ga saitin RAID, da fatan za a karanta labarinmu na farko, inda muka rufe wasu ainihin gabatarwar game da RAID.

  1. Gabatarwa zuwa Ka'idodin RAID da RAID

Operating System :	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 :	192.168.0.225
Two Disks	 :	20 GB each

Wannan labarin shine Sashe na 2 na jerin RAID na koyarwa 9, anan a wannan bangare, zamu ga yadda zamu iya ƙirƙira da saita Software RAID0 ko striping a cikin tsarin Linux ko sabar ta amfani da diski 20GB guda biyu masu suna sdb da sdc.

Mataki 1: Ana ɗaukaka tsarin da Sanya mdadm don Sarrafa RAID

1. Kafin kafa RAID0 a Linux, bari mu yi sabuntawar tsarin sannan mu shigar da kunshin 'mdadm'. Mdadm ƙaramin shiri ne, wanda zai ba mu damar daidaitawa da sarrafa na'urorin RAID a cikin Linux.

# yum clean all && yum update
# yum install mdadm -y

Mataki na 2: Tabbatar da Maƙallan 20GB guda biyu

2. Kafin ƙirƙirar RAID 0, tabbatar da tabbatar da cewa an gano haɗe-haɗe biyu da aka makala ko a'a, ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd

3. Da zarar an gano sabbin rumbun kwamfutoci, lokaci ya yi da za a bincika ko na’urorin da aka makala sun riga sun yi amfani da duk wani hari da ake da su tare da taimakon bin umarnin ‘mdadm’.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]

A cikin fitowar da ke sama, mun fahimci cewa babu ɗaya daga cikin RAID ɗin da aka yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan guda biyu na sdb da sdc.

Mataki 3: Ƙirƙirar ɓangarori don RAID

4. Yanzu ƙirƙirar sassan sdb da sdc don hari, tare da taimakon bin umarnin fdisk. Anan, zan nuna yadda ake ƙirƙirar partition akan drive sdb.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

Bi umarnin ƙasa don ƙirƙirar ɓangarori.

  1. Latsa 'n' don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.
  2. Sa'an nan kuma zaɓi 'P' don bangare na Farko.
  3. Na gaba zaɓi lambar ɓangaren azaman 1.
  4. Ba da ƙima ta asali ta danna maɓallin Shigar sau biyu kawai.
  5. Na gaba latsa 'P' don buga ɓangarorin da aka ƙayyade.

Bi umarnin ƙasa don ƙirƙirar kai hari ta Linux akan ɓangarori.

  1. Latsa 'L' don lissafta duk nau'ikan da ake da su.
  2. Buga 't'don zaɓar ɓangarori.
  3. Zaɓi 'fd' don Linux raid auto kuma danna Shigar don amfani.
  4. Sai kuma amfani da 'P' don buga canje-canjen da muka yi.
  5. Yi amfani da 'w' don rubuta canje-canje.

Lura: Da fatan za a bi umarnin da ke sama don ƙirƙirar bangare akan drive ɗin sdc yanzu.

5. Bayan ƙirƙirar partitions, tabbatar da duka direbobi an ayyana su daidai don RAID ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]1

Mataki 4: Ƙirƙirar RAID md Devices

6. Yanzu ƙirƙirar na'urar md (watau /dev/md0) kuma yi amfani da matakin hari ta amfani da umarnin ƙasa.

# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l raid0 -n 2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=stripe --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1

  1. -C – ƙirƙira
  2. -l - matakin
  3. -n - Babu na'urorin hari

7. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri na'urar md, yanzu tabbatar da matsayin RAID Level, Devices da Array da aka yi amfani da su, tare da taimakon bin jerin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna.

# cat /proc/mdstat

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Mataki 5: Sanya na'urorin RAID zuwa Tsarin Fayil

8. Ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil na ext4 don na'urar RAID/dev/md0 kuma saka shi a ƙarƙashin /dev/raid0.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

9. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil na ext4 don na'urar Raid, yanzu ƙirƙiri mount point directory (watau /mnt/raid0) kuma saka na'urar/dev/md0 a ƙarƙashinsa.

# mkdir /mnt/raid0
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0/

10. Na gaba, tabbatar da cewa an ɗora na'urar/dev/md0 a ƙarƙashin /mnt/raid0 directory ta amfani da umarnin df.

# df -h

11. Na gaba, ƙirƙiri fayil mai suna 'tecmint.txt'a ƙarƙashin mount point /mnt/raid0, ƙara wasu abun ciki zuwa fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira kuma duba abun ciki na fayil da directory.

# touch /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
# echo "Hi everyone how you doing ?" > /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
# cat /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
# ls -l /mnt/raid0/

12. Da zarar kun tabbatar da wuraren tsaunuka, lokaci yayi da za a ƙirƙiri shigarwar fstab a cikin /etc/fstab file.

# vim /etc/fstab

Ƙara shigarwar mai zuwa kamar yadda aka kwatanta. Yana iya bambanta dangane da wurin hawan ku da tsarin fayil ɗin da kuke amfani da su.

/dev/md0                /mnt/raid0              ext4    defaults         0 0

13. Gudu mount '-a' don bincika idan akwai wani kuskure a shigarwar fstab.

# mount -av

Mataki 6: Ajiye Saitunan RAID

14. A ƙarshe, ajiye saitin hari zuwa ɗaya daga cikin fayil ɗin don kiyaye saitunan don amfani na gaba. Hakanan muna amfani da umarnin 'mdadm' tare da '-s' (scan) da '-v' (verbose) zaɓuɓɓuka kamar yadda aka nuna.

# mdadm -E -s -v >> /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf

Shi ke nan, mun gani a nan, yadda ake saita RAID0 striping tare da matakan hari ta amfani da faifai guda biyu. A cikin labarin na gaba, zamu ga yadda ake saita RAID5.