Gabatarwa zuwa RAID, Ka'idodin RAID da Matakan RAID - Kashi na 1

RAID shi ne Reundant Array of Unexpensive Disk, amma a zamanin yau ana kiransa Redundant Array of Independent Drives. Tun da farko ana yin tsada sosai don siyan ko da ƙaramin girman diski ne, amma a zamanin yau muna iya siyan babban girman faifai da adadin daidai da na da. Raid tarin faifai ne kawai a cikin tafkin don zama ƙarar hankali.

Raid yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi ko saiti ko tsararru. Haɗin direbobi suna yin rukuni na diski don samar da tsarin RAID Array ko RAID. Zai iya zama mafi ƙarancin adadin faifai 2 da aka haɗa zuwa mai sarrafa hari kuma yin ƙarar ma'ana ko ƙarin fayafai na iya kasancewa cikin rukuni. Matakin Raid ɗaya ne kawai za a iya amfani da shi a cikin rukunin faifai. Ana amfani da Raid lokacin da muke buƙatar kyakkyawan aiki. Dangane da matakin harin da muka zaɓa, aikin zai bambanta. Ajiye bayanan mu ta hanyar haƙuri na kuskure & babban samuwa.

Wannan jerin za a yi wa lakabi da Shiri don kafa RAID ta hanyar Sashe na 1-9 kuma ya ƙunshi batutuwa masu zuwa.

Wannan shine Sashe na 1 na jerin koyarwa guda 9, anan zamu rufe gabatarwar RAID, Concepts of RAID da RAID Levels waɗanda ake buƙata don kafa RAID a Linux.

Software RAID da Hardware RAID

RAID Software suna da ƙarancin aiki, saboda cinye albarkatu daga runduna. Raid software yana buƙatar lodawa don karanta bayanai daga juzu'in harin software. Kafin loda software na hari, OS yana buƙatar samun boot don loda software na hari. Babu buƙatar kayan aikin jiki a hare-haren software. Sifili kudin zuba jari.

Hardware RAID suna da babban aiki. An sadaukar da su RAID Controller wanda aka gina ta jiki ta amfani da katunan PCI. Ba zai yi amfani da albarkatun mai watsa shiri ba. Suna da NVRAM don cache don karantawa da rubutu. Ajiye cache yayin sake ginawa ko da akwai gazawar wuta, zai adana cache ta amfani da madodin wutar lantarki. Ana buƙatar saka hannun jari mai tsada don babban sikeli.

Hardware RAID Card zai yi kama da ƙasa:

    Hanyar
  1. Parity a cikin farmaki tana sabunta abubuwan da suka ɓace daga bayanan da aka adana daidai. RAID 5, RAID 6 Bisa La'akari.
  2. Stripe yana raba bayanai ba da gangan ba zuwa faifai masu yawa. Wannan ba zai sami cikakkun bayanai a cikin faifai ɗaya ba. Idan muka yi amfani da faifai 3 rabin bayananmu za su kasance a cikin kowane faifai.
    3. Ana amfani da
  3. Mirroring a cikin RAID 1 da RAID 10. Mirroring yana yin kwafin bayanai iri ɗaya. A cikin RAID 1 zai adana abun ciki iri ɗaya zuwa ɗayan faifan kuma.
  4. Hot spare shine kawai keɓaɓɓiyar tuƙi a cikin uwar garken mu wanda zai iya maye gurbin abubuwan da suka gaza kai tsaye. Idan daya daga cikin faifan ya gaza a cikin tsararrun mu za a yi amfani da wannan hot spare drive kuma a sake gina shi ta atomatik.
  5. Chunks girman bayanai ne kawai wanda zai iya zama mafi ƙanƙanta daga 4KB da ƙari. Ta hanyar ma'anar girman guntu za mu iya haɓaka aikin I/O.

RAID's suna cikin matakai daban-daban. Anan za mu ga matakan RAID ne kawai waɗanda ake amfani da su galibi a cikin mahalli na gaske.

  1. RAID0 = Tsagewa
  2. RAID1 = Nunawa
  3. RAID5 = Iyakar Rarraba Guda Daya
  4. RAID6 = Matsakaicin Rarraba Disk Biyu
  5. RAID10 = Haɗin Madubi & Tsari. (Nsted RAID)

Ana sarrafa RAID ta amfani da fakitin mdadm a yawancin rarrabawar Linux. Bari mu sami Taƙaitaccen dubawa cikin kowane Matakan RAID.

Striping yana da kyakkyawan aiki. A cikin Raid 0 (Striping) za a rubuta bayanan zuwa faifai ta amfani da hanyar da aka raba. Rabin abun ciki zai kasance a cikin faifai ɗaya kuma wani rabin kuma za a rubuta shi zuwa wani faifai.

Bari mu ɗauka muna da faifan diski guda 2, misali, idan muka rubuta bayanai “TECMINT” zuwa ƙarar ma’ana za a adana kamar yadda ‘T’ za a adana a cikin faifan farko. kuma 'E' za a adana a cikin faifai na biyu kuma 'C' za a adana a cikin faifai na farko kuma 'M' za a adana a ciki. Disk na biyu kuma yana ci gaba a cikin tsarin zagaye-robin.

A wannan yanayin idan daya daga cikin faifan ya gaza za mu kwance bayananmu, saboda da rabin bayanan da ke cikin faifan diski ba za su iya amfani da su don sake gina harin ba. Amma yayin kwatanta da Rubutun Saurin da aikin RAID 0 yana da kyau. Muna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin fayafai 2 don ƙirƙirar RAID 0 (Striping). Idan kuna buƙatar mahimman bayanan ku kar a yi amfani da wannan RAID LEVEL.

  1. Babban Kwarewa.
  2. Akwai Asarar Ƙarfin Sifili a cikin RAID 0
  3. Haƙuri mara laifi.
  4. Rubuta da Karatu za su yi kyakkyawan aiki.

Mirroring yana da kyakkyawan aiki. Mirroring na iya yin kwafin bayanai iri ɗaya abin da muke da shi. Idan muka ɗauka cewa muna da lambobi biyu na 2TB Hard Drives, duka a can muna da 4TB, amma a cikin madubi yayin da faifan ke bayan RAID Controller don samar da madaidaicin drive kawai za mu iya ganin 2TB na ma'ana.

Yayin da muke ajiye kowane bayanai, zai rubuta zuwa duka 2TB Drives. Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin faifai biyu don ƙirƙirar RAID 1 ko Mirror. Idan gazawar faifai ta faru za mu iya sake haifar da harin da aka saita ta maye gurbin sabon faifai. Idan kowane ɗayan diski ya gaza a RAID 1, za mu iya samun bayanan daga ɗayan kamar yadda akwai kwafin abun ciki ɗaya a cikin ɗayan diski. Don haka akwai asarar data sifili.

  1. Kyakkyawan Kwarewa.
  2. A nan Rabin Sararin zai ɓace gabaɗaya.
  3. Cikakken Haƙuri na Laifi.
  4. Sake ginawa zai yi sauri.
  5. Rubutun zai kasance a hankali.
  6. Karanta zai yi kyau.
  7. Ana iya amfani da tsarin aiki da bayanai don ƙaramin sikelin.

RAID 5 galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin matakan kasuwanci. RAID 5 yana aiki ta hanyar rarraba daidaito. Za a yi amfani da bayanan gama-gari don sake gina bayanan. Yana sake ginawa daga bayanan da aka bari akan sauran fayafai masu kyau. Wannan zai kare bayanan mu daga gazawar tuƙi.

A ɗauka muna da fayafai guda 4, idan drive ɗaya ya gaza kuma yayin da muka maye gurbin abin da ya gaza za mu iya sake gina mashin ɗin da aka maye gurbinsa daga bayanan daidaito. Ana adana bayanan gama gari a cikin duk fayafai 4, idan muna da lambobi 4 na rumbun kwamfutarka 1TB. Za a adana bayanan daidaitattun a cikin 256GB a cikin kowane direbobi kuma sauran 768GB a cikin kowane faifai za a ayyana su don Masu amfani. RAID 5 na iya tsira daga gazawar Drive guda ɗaya, Idan tuƙi ya gaza fiye da 1 zai haifar da asarar bayanai.

  1. Kyakkyawan Ayyuka
  2. Karanta zai yi matuƙar kyau sosai cikin sauri.
  3. Rubutun zai zama Matsakaici, a hankali idan ba za mu yi amfani da Mai sarrafa RAID na Hardware ba.
  4. Sake ginawa daga bayanan Iri daga duk fayafai.
  5. Cikakken Haƙuri na Laifi.
  6. 1 Disk Space zai kasance ƙarƙashin Parity.
  7. Za a iya amfani da shi a cikin sabar fayil, sabar yanar gizo, madaidaicin mahimmin mahimmanci.

RAID 6 daidai yake da RAID 5 tare da tsarin rarraba daidaito guda biyu. Mafi yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin adadi mai yawa na tsararru. Muna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin 4 Drives, koda kuwa Driver 2 ya gaza za mu iya sake gina bayanan yayin da muke maye gurbin sabbin direbobi.

A hankali fiye da RAID 5, saboda yana rubuta bayanai ga duk direbobi 4 a lokaci guda. Zai zama matsakaici a cikin sauri yayin da muke amfani da Mai Kula da RAID na Hardware. Idan muna da lambobi 6 na 1TB hard-drives za a yi amfani da faifai 4 don bayanai kuma za a yi amfani da faifai 2 don Parity.

  1. Rashin aiki mara kyau.
  2. Karanta Ayyukan za su yi kyau.
  3. Rubutun aiki ba zai yi kyau ba idan ba mu yi amfani da Mai sarrafa RAID na Hardware ba.
  4. Sake ginawa daga Direbobi guda 2.
  5. Cikakken haƙurin kuskure.
  6. 2 sarari diski zai kasance ƙarƙashin Parity.
  7. Za a iya amfani da shi a cikin manyan jeri.
  8. Za a iya amfani da shi don maƙasudin madadin, watsa bidiyo, ana amfani da shi a babban sikeli.

Ana iya kiran RAID 10 azaman 1+0 ko 0+1. Wannan zai yi duka ayyukan Mirror & Striping. Mirror zai zama na farko kuma ribobi zai zama na biyu a cikin RAID 10. Stripe zai zama na farko kuma madubi zai zama na biyu a RAID 01. RAID 10 ya fi dacewa da 01.

A ɗauka, muna da 4 Adadin tuƙi. Yayin da nake rubuta wasu bayanai zuwa ƙarar ma'ana ta za a adana a ƙarƙashin Duk 4 tuƙi ta amfani da madubi da hanyoyin tsiri.

Idan ina rubuta bayanai TECMNT a cikin RAID 10 zai adana bayanan kamar haka. Da farko “T” zai rubuta zuwa ga faifai biyu, na biyu kuma “E” zai rubuta zuwa faifai biyu, wannan mataki za a yi amfani da shi don rubuta duk bayanan. Zai yi kwafin kowane bayanai zuwa wasu faifai kuma.

Lokaci guda zai yi amfani da hanyar RAID 0 kuma ya rubuta bayanai kamar yadda T zai rubuta zuwa diski na farko kuma E zai rubuta zuwa diski na biyu. Hakanan C zai rubuta zuwa Disk na farko da M zuwa diski na biyu.

  1. Kyakkyawan karatu da rubutu aiki.
  2. A nan Rabin Sararin zai ɓace gabaɗaya.
  3. Haƙuri Laifi.
  4. Sake ginawa da sauri daga kwafin bayanai.
  5. Za a iya amfani da shi a cikin ma'ajin bayanai don babban aiki da samuwa.

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan labarin mun ga abin da ke RAID da kuma matakan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin RAID a cikin yanayi na ainihi. Da fatan kun koyi rubuce-rubuce game da RAID. Don saitin RAID dole ne mutum ya sani game da ainihin Ilimi game da RAID. Abubuwan da ke sama za su cika fahimtar asali game da RAID.

A cikin kasidu masu zuwa na gaba zan rufe yadda ake saitawa da ƙirƙirar RAID ta amfani da Matsaloli Daban-daban, Haɓaka Rukunin RAID (Array) da Matsala tare da gazawar Drives da ƙari mai yawa.