Ƙaurawar Bangaren LVM zuwa Sabon Ƙarfin Hankali (Drive) - Sashe na VI
Wannan shine kashi na 6 na jerin abubuwan sarrafa ƙarar ma'ana mai gudana, a cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku yadda ake ƙaura juzu'i na ma'ana zuwa wani sabon tuƙi ba tare da wani lokaci ba. Kafin in ci gaba, zan so in yi muku bayani game da Hijira na LVM da fasalinsa.
Hijira na LVM ɗaya ne daga cikin kyakkyawan yanayin, inda za mu iya ƙaura juzu'i masu ma'ana zuwa sabon faifai ba tare da asarar bayanai da raguwar lokaci ba. Manufar wannan fasalin ita ce motsa bayanan mu daga tsohon faifai zuwa sabon faifai. Yawancin lokaci, muna yin ƙaura daga faifai ɗaya zuwa wani ma'ajiyar diski, kawai lokacin da kuskure ya faru a wasu faifai.
- Matsar da ƙididdiga masu ma'ana daga diski ɗaya zuwa wani faifai. Za mu iya amfani da kowane irin faifai kamar SATA, SSD, SAS, SAN ajiya iSCSI ko FC.
- Ƙaura faifai ba tare da asarar bayanai da lokacin faɗuwa ba.
A cikin Hijira na LVM, za mu musanya kowane juzu'i, tsarin fayil da bayanai ne a cikin ma'ajiyar data kasance. Misali, idan muna da juzu'i na Logical guda ɗaya, wanda aka tsara shi zuwa ɗayan juzu'i na zahiri, wannan ƙarar ta zahiri ita ce hard drive ta zahiri.
Yanzu idan muna buƙatar haɓaka uwar garken mu tare da SSD Hard-drive, menene muke tunani a farko? sake fasalin diski? A'a! ba sai mun sake fasalin uwar garken ba. LVM yana da zaɓi don ƙaura waɗancan tsoffin SATA Drives tare da sabbin Drivers SSD. Ƙaurawar Live za ta goyi bayan kowane nau'in faifai, zama na gida, SAN ko tashar Fiber kuma.
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- Yadda ake Ƙaddawa/Rage LVM's a cikin Linux - Kashi na 2
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙaura sassan LVM (Ajiye), ɗayan yana amfani da hanyar Mirroring da sauran ta amfani da umarnin pvmove. Don dalilai na nunawa, anan ina amfani da Centos6.5, amma ana iya tallafawa umarni iri ɗaya don RHEL, Fedora, Oracle Linux da Linux Linux.
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final IP Address : 192.168.0.224 System Hostname : lvmmig.tecmintlocal.com
Mataki 1: Bincika Drives na yanzu
1. A ɗauka mun riga mun sami faifai mai kama-da-wane guda ɗaya mai suna “vdb“, wanda aka zana zuwa ɗaya daga cikin madaidaicin ƙarar “tecmint_lv“. Yanzu muna son yin ƙaura wannan “vdb” juzu'i mai ma'ana zuwa wani sabon ma'aji. Kafin ci gaba, da farko tabbatar da cewa rumbun kwamfutarka da sunaye masu ma'ana tare da taimakon fdisk da lvs umarni kamar yadda aka nuna.
# fdisk -l | grep vd # lvs
Mataki 2: Bincika Sabbin Driver da aka ƙara
2. Da zarar mun tabbatar da na'urorin da muke da su, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za mu haɗa sabon drive ɗin SSD zuwa tsarin kuma mu tabbatar da sabon abin da aka ƙara tare da taimakon fdisk umurnin.
# fdisk -l | grep dev
Lura: Shin kun ga a cikin allon da ke sama, cewa an ƙara sabon drive ɗin cikin nasara tare da suna “/dev/sda“.
Mataki na 3: Bincika Ƙarfin Hankali da Na Jiki na Yanzu
3. Yanzu matsa gaba don ƙirƙirar ƙarar jiki, ƙungiyar ƙara da ƙarar ma'ana don ƙaura. Kafin ƙirƙirar juzu'i, tabbatar da bincika bayanan ƙarar ma'ana na yanzu a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin /mnt/lvm. Yi amfani da umarni masu zuwa don lissafin abubuwan hawa da duba bayanan.
# df -h # cd /mnt/lvm # cat tecmint.txt
Lura: Don dalilai na nunawa, mun ƙirƙiri fayiloli guda biyu a ƙarƙashin /mnt/lvm mount point, kuma muna ƙaura waɗannan bayanan zuwa sabon tuƙi ba tare da wani lokaci ba.
4. Kafin yin ƙaura, tabbatar da tabbatar da sunayen ƙarar ma'ana da ƙungiyar juzu'i wanda girman jiki ke da alaƙa da kuma tabbatar da wane ƙarar jiki da aka yi amfani da shi don riƙe wannan rukunin juzu'i da ƙarar ma'ana.
# lvs # vgs -o+devices | grep tecmint_vg
Lura: Shin kun ga a cikin allon da ke sama, cewa vdb yana riƙe da rukunin girma tecmint_vg.
Mataki 4: Ƙirƙiri Sabon Ƙarar Jiki
5. Kafin ƙirƙirar Ƙarar Jiki a cikin sabon ƙarar SSD Drive, muna buƙatar ayyana ɓangaren ta amfani da fdisk. Kar ka manta don canza Nau'in zuwa LVM(8e), yayin ƙirƙirar ɓangarori.
# pvcreate /dev/sda1 -v # pvs
6. Na gaba, ƙara sabon ƙarar jiki da aka ƙirƙira zuwa rukunin ƙarar da ke akwai tecmint_vg ta amfani da 'vgextend umurnin'
# vgextend tecmint_vg /dev/sda1 # vgs
7. Don samun cikakken jerin bayanai game da rukunin ƙara amfani da '' vgdisplay' umarni.
# vgdisplay tecmint_vg -v
Lura: A cikin allon da ke sama, za mu iya gani a ƙarshen sakamako kamar yadda PV ɗinmu ya ƙara zuwa rukunin girma.
8. Idan a cikin hali, muna buƙatar ƙarin bayani game da waɗanne na'urori aka tsara, yi amfani da '' dmsetup' umurnin dogara.
# lvs -o+devices # dmsetup deps /dev/tecmint_vg/tecmint_lv
A cikin sakamakon da ke sama, akwai dogara 1 (PV) ko (Drives) kuma a nan an jera 17. Idan kuna son tabbatarwa duba cikin na'urorin, waɗanda ke da manya da ƙananan adadin faifai waɗanda ke haɗe.
# ls -l /dev | grep vd
Lura: A cikin umarnin da ke sama, zamu iya ganin cewa babbar lamba tare da 252 da ƙaramar lamba 17 tana da alaƙa da vdb1. Da fatan kun fahimta daga fitowar umarni na sama.
Mataki 5: Hanyar Mirroring LVM
9. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a yi ƙaura ta amfani da hanyar Mirroring, yi amfani da '' lvconvert' umarni don ƙaura bayanai daga tsohuwar ƙarar ma'ana zuwa sabon drive.
# lvconvert -m 1 /dev/tecmint_vg/tecmint_lv /dev/sda1
- -m = madubi
- 1 = ƙara madubi ɗaya
Lura: Tsarin ƙaura na sama zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo bisa ga girman girman mu.
10. Da zarar an kammala aikin ƙaura, tabbatar da madubin da aka canza.
# lvs -o+devices
11. Da zarar kun tabbatar cewa madubin da aka canza ya zama cikakke, za ku iya cire tsohon rumbun diski vdb1. Zaɓin -m zai cire madubi, a baya mun yi amfani da 1 don ƙara madubi.
# lvconvert -m 0 /dev/tecmint_vg/tecmint_lv /dev/vdb1
12. Da zarar an cire tsohon rumbun diski, zaku iya sake duba na'urorin don ƙididdige ma'ana ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
# lvs -o+devices # dmsetup deps /dev/tecmint_vg/tecmint_lv # ls -l /dev | grep sd
A cikin hoton da ke sama, kun ga cewa girman ma'ananmu yanzu ya dogara da 8,1 kuma yana da sda1. Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin ƙauranmu ya yi.
13. Yanzu tabbatar da fayilolin da muka yi hijira daga tsohon zuwa sabon drive. Idan bayanai iri ɗaya suna nan a sabon tuƙi, wannan yana nufin mun yi kowane matakai daidai.
# cd /mnt/lvm/ # cat tecmin.txt
14. Bayan duk abin da aka halicce shi daidai, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a share vdb1 daga rukunin ƙara kuma daga baya tabbatarwa, waɗanne na'urori sun dogara da ƙungiyar mu.
# vgreduce /dev/tecmint_vg /dev/vdb1 # vgs -o+devices
15. Bayan cire vdb1 daga volume group tecmint_vg, har yanzu juzu'in mu na ma'ana yana nan domin mun yi hijira zuwa sda1 daga vdb1.
# lvs
Mataki 6: LVM pvmove Mirroring Hanyar
16. Maimakon yin amfani da 'lvconvert' mirroring umurnin, muna amfani da nan 'pvmove' umarni tare da zaɓi '-n' (ma'ana girma sunan) Hanyar don madubi bayanai tsakanin na'urori biyu.
# pvmove -n /dev/tecmint_vg/tecmint_lv /dev/vdb1 /dev/sda1
Umurnin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi hanya don kwatanta bayanai tsakanin na'urori biyu, amma a cikin ainihin yanayi ana amfani da Mirroring sau da yawa fiye da pvmove.
Kammalawa
A cikin wannan labarin, mun ga yadda ake yin ƙaura na ma'ana daga tuƙi zuwa wancan. Da fatan kun koyi sababbin dabaru a cikin sarrafa ƙarar ma'ana. Don irin wannan saitin dole ne mutum ya san game da tushen sarrafa ƙarar ma'ana. Don saitin asali, da fatan za a koma zuwa hanyoyin haɗin da aka bayar a saman labarin a sashin da ake buƙata.