Kafa abubuwan da ake buƙata don shigarwa na Oracle 12c a cikin RHEL/CentOS/Oracle Linux 6.5 - Sashe na I
Bayanan bayanan Oracle shine saitin tarin bayanai masu alaƙa, zamu iya kiransa azaman tsarin sarrafa bayanai na dangantaka (RDBMS) ko kawai Oracle. Duk da yake kwatanta da duk wani bayani na bayanan bayanan Oracle yana ɗaya daga cikin DBMS mai ƙarfi tare da fasali da yawa kamar su-mai iya, abin dogaro kuma mai iya daidaitawa. Oracle yana samar da kayan aiki daban don software na Oracle, amma ana iya amfani da iri ɗaya a cikin kowane samfuran masu siyarwa kuma.
Sabuntawa: Yadda ake Sanya Oracle Database 12c akan RHEL/CentOS 7
A cikin 1977 Larry Ellison da abokansa sun kafa tsarin haɓaka software azaman oracle. A cikin 1978 Oracle ya fito da sigarsa ta 1 kuma daga baya a cikin 1979 sun fitar da sigar 2 wacce aka yi amfani da ita ta kasuwanci. Sigar oracle na yanzu shine 12c (C yana nufin Cloud) tare da fasalin girgije. Oracle yana ba da tallafi da yawa game da samfuran waɗanda suka haɗa da gyara matsala na goyan bayan faci da sabuntawa, wanda ke sa ya yi ƙarfi, saboda yana da sauƙin tsara bayanan aikace-aikace daban-daban. Yayin da aka kwatanta da kowane irin sarrafa bayanan Oracle yana da tsada kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don kasuwanci, kusan ko'ina, misali: Banki, Jami'o'i don sakamako, sassan kasuwanci da sauransu.
Oracle yana tallafawa kusan kowane tsarin aiki kamar Linux, HP-UX, AIX, Oracle Solaris, IBM zLinux64, da Windows. Akwai fakitin Oracle don duka dandamali 32bit da 64bit.
- Don babban shigarwa muna buƙatar amfani da na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa waɗanda ke da babban samuwa.
- Mafi ƙarancin RAM ɗin da ake buƙata don Oracle shine 2GB ko fiye.
- Dole ne a kunna musanyawa sau biyu girman RAM.
- Dole ne sararin diski ya fi 8GB, ya dogara da bugun da za mu zaɓa don sakawa.
- /tmp directory dole ne ya sami sarari kyauta fiye da 1GB don shigarwa kyauta.
- Tsarin aiki na Linux masu tallafi sune RHEL, Centos, Oracle.
- Ana buƙatar fakitin x86_64 da i686 don shigarwa.
- Dole ne ƙudurin allo ya zama fiye da ƙudurin 1024×768.
Idan tsarin ku ya cika duk buƙatun da ke sama, to muna shirye mu ci gaba don fara shigarwa na oracle. Da fatan za a tuna, a nan ina amfani da tsarin aiki na CentOS 6.5 tare da girman 32GB na Virtual HDD da 4GB Memory don shigarwa, amma kuma ana iya bin matakai iri ɗaya a cikin RHEL, Oracle Linux kuma.
IP Address : 192.168.0.100 Host-name : oracle12c.tecmint.local OS : Centos 6.5 Final
Lura: Na yi amfani da mai amfani 'tecmint' tare da sudo gata don wannan shigarwa na Oracle, amma ina ba ku shawarar yin amfani da tushen shiga don duk umarnin shigarwa na ƙasa.
Mataki 1: Saita Sunan Mai Gida da Tsarin Haɓakawa
1. Kafin, zuwa sama don shigarwa tsari, da farko tabbatar da/da/tmp partitions suna da isasshen sarari sarari don ɗaukar kuskure free shigarwa.
$ df -h
2. Na gaba, tabbatar da cewa tsarin ku yana da daidai sunan mai masauki, adireshin IP na tsaye da sigar rarraba, ta amfani da bin umarni.
$ hostname $ ifconfig | grep inet $ lsb_release -a
3. Idan ba ku saita sunan mai masaukin ku ba, gyara fayil ɗin rundunan tsarin '/etc/hosts' kuma shigar da sunan mai masaukin ku tare da adireshin IP kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
$ vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost oracle12c.tecmint.local 192.168.0.100 oracle12c.tecmint.local
4. Yanzu canza yanayin SELinux zuwa izini kuma sake kunna tsarin don yin canje-canje na dindindin don selinux.
$ sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux $ sudo init 6
Mataki na 2: Shigar da Fakitin da canza Ƙimar Kernel
5. Da zarar tsarin ku ya tashi da kyau, za ku iya yin haɓaka tsarin sannan ku shigar da abubuwan dogaro da ake buƙata.
$ sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum upgrade $ sudo yum install binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \ compat-gcc-44 compat-gcc-44-c++ gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 \ ksh.x86_64 libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libaio.i686 \ libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libXext.i686 libXext.x86_64 libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 libX11.x86_64 \ libX11.i686 libXau.x86_64 libXau.i686 libxcb.i686 libxcb.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 make.x86_64 unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat.x86_64
6. Bayan shigar da duk fakitin da ake buƙata a sama, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a yi wasu canje-canje a matakan matakan kernel a cikin fayil '/etc/sysct.conf.
$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
Ƙara ko canza dabi'u masu zuwa kamar yadda aka ba da shawara. Ajiye ku daina amfani da wq!.
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 2097152 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
7. Da zarar kun ƙara sama da ƙima, yanzu ba da umarni mai zuwa don ɗaukar sabbin canje-canje a aiki.
$ sudo sysctl -p
Lura: Abubuwan da ke sama sune rabin girman ƙwaƙwalwar jiki a cikin bytes. Misali, na sanya 5GB memori don injina na kama-da-wane. Don haka ina amfani da rabin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar don waɗannan saitunan.
8. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a sake kunna na'ura kuma motsa ƙarin umarni akan shigar da bayanan Oracle.
$ sudo init 6
Mataki 3: Tsara Tsara don Shigar Oracle
9. Ƙirƙiri sababbin ƙungiyoyin Oracle inventory, OSDBA da OSOPER don shigarwa Oracle.
$ sudo groupadd -g 54321 oracle $ sudo groupadd -g 54322 dba $ sudo groupadd -g 54323 oper
10. Ƙirƙiri sabon oracle mai amfani kuma ƙara mai amfani zuwa ƙungiyoyin da aka riga aka ƙirƙira.
$ sudo useradd -u 54321 -g oracle -G dba,oper oracle $ sudo usermod -a -G wheel oracle $ sudo passwd oracle
11. Idan an kunna na'urar ku tare da Firewall, kuna buƙatar kashe ko daidaita shi gwargwadon bukatunku. Don kashe shi, gudanar da umarni masu zuwa.
$ sudo iptables -F $ sudo service iptables save $ sudo chkconfig iptables on
12. Ƙirƙiri jagorar mai zuwa don shigar da Oracle kuma canza ikon mallaka da babban izini zuwa sabon kundin adireshi ta amfani da recursive.
$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 $ sudo chown -R oracle:oracle /u01 $ sudo chmod -R 775 /u01 $ ls -l /u01
13. Canja zuwa tushen mai amfani don ƙirƙirar yanayi don mai amfani da oracle. Kuna iya tsallake wannan matakin, idan kun riga kun yi amfani da tushen shiga.
$ su - root
14. Na gaba, muna buƙatar ƙara canjin muhalli don mai amfani da baka. Buɗe ku shirya fayil ɗin bayanin martaba na mai amfani da oracle kuma ƙara shigarwar muhallin oracle. Anan ba ma buƙatar yin amfani da umarnin sudo, saboda mun riga mun shiga azaman tushen mai amfani.
# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
Haɗa Shigar Muhalli na ƙasa. Ajiye kuma fita daga editan vi ta amfani da wq!.
## Oracle Env Settings export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle12c.tecmint.local export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
Yanzu fita daga tushen mai amfani kuma sake shiga azaman mai amfani da tecmint kuma canza zuwa mai amfani da oracle. Bugu da ƙari, ba a buƙatar wannan matakin, idan kuna amfani da asusun tushen, kawai canza zuwa mai amfani da oracle don ƙarin umarni.
# exit # su - oracle
15. Anan muna buƙatar bincika iyakokin albarkatu don shigar da mai amfani da oracle. Anan mai amfani da Oracle ɗin mu shine oracle. Don haka dole ne a shigar da mu a matsayin mai amfani da oracle, yayin yin binciken albarkatun. Bincika iyakoki masu taushi da wuya don saitunan kwatancen fayil kafin shigarwa.
$ ulimit -Sn $ ulimit -Hn $ ulimit -Su $ ulimit -Hu $ ulimit -Ss $ ulimit -Hs
Kuna iya samun ƙima daban-daban a cikin umarnin da ke sama. Don haka, kuna buƙatar sanya ƙima don iyakoki a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
$ sudo vim /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768
Na gaba, shirya fayil ɗin da ke ƙasa don saita iyaka ga duk masu amfani.
$ sudo vim /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
Ta hanyar tsoho an saita shi zuwa
* soft nproc 1024
Muna bukatar mu canza shi zuwa.
* - nproc 16384
Mataki 4: Zazzage Fakitin Oracle
16. Sa'an nan lokacin da za a cire Oracle zip kunshin daga official site. Don zazzage fakitin Oracle, dole ne ku zama mai amfani da rajista ko kuma ku yi waƙa kuma ku zazzage fakitin ta amfani da hanyar haɗin da ke ƙasa.
- Zazzagewar software na Oracle Database
Na riga na zazzage fakitin zip kuma na ciro abubuwan da ke cikin mai saka oracle.
$ cd ~ $ ls $ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip $ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip
Shi ke nan a yanzu, labarin ya yi tsayi sosai kuma ba zan iya haɗa duk umarni a cikin shafi ɗaya ba. Don haka, a cikin labarinmu na gaba za mu nuna muku umarnin mataki-mataki kan shigarwa na Oracle 12c da ƙarin daidaitawa, har sai ku kasance a saurara zuwa Tecmint don sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa.