Saita Ma'ajiyar Disk Mai Sauƙi tare da Gudanar da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa (LVM) a cikin Linux - PART 1

Gudanar da ƙarar ma'ana (LVM) yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa sararin diski. Idan tsarin fayil yana buƙatar ƙarin sarari, ana iya ƙara shi zuwa kundin ma'ana daga wuraren kyauta a cikin rukunin ƙararrakinsa kuma ana iya sake girman tsarin fayil ɗin yadda muke so. Idan faifai ya fara kasawa, za'a iya yin rijistar faifan maye gurbin azaman ƙarar jiki tare da rukunin ƙara kuma ana iya yin ƙaura zuwa sabon faifai ba tare da asarar bayanai ba.

A cikin duniyar zamani kowane Sabis yana buƙatar ƙarin sarari kowace rana don haka muna buƙatar faɗaɗa dangane da bukatunmu. Za a iya amfani da kundin ma'ana a RAID, SAN. Za a haɗa diski na jiki don ƙirƙirar Ƙungiya mai girma. A cikin rukunin girma muna buƙatar yanki sarari don ƙirƙirar kundila masu ma'ana. Yayin amfani da kundila masu ma'ana za mu iya faɗaɗa faifai da yawa, kundin ma'ana ko rage ƙididdiga masu ma'ana cikin girman tare da wasu umarni ba tare da sake tsarawa da sake raba faifai na yanzu ba. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira na iya ratse bayanai a cikin faifai da yawa wannan na iya ƙara ƙididdige I/O.

  1. Yana da sassauƙa don faɗaɗa sararin samaniya a kowane lokaci.
  2. Kowane tsarin fayil ana iya shigar dashi kuma a sarrafa shi.
  3. Ana iya amfani da ƙaura don dawo da faifai mara kyau.
  4. Mayar da tsarin fayil ta amfani da fasalin Snapshot zuwa matakin farko. da sauransu…

  1. Tsarin Aiki – CentOS 6.5 tare da Shigar LVM
  2. Server IP - 192.168.0.200

Wannan jerin za a yi wa lakabi da Shiri don kafa LVM (Gudanar da Ma'ana) ta Sashe na 1-6 kuma ya ƙunshi batutuwa masu zuwa.

Ƙirƙirar Ma'ajiya ta LVM a cikin Linux

1. Mun yi amfani da CentOS 6.5 Operating System ta amfani da LVM a cikin Virtual Disk (VDA). Anan za mu iya ganin Ƙarfin Jiki (PV), Ƙungiya Ƙarfafa (VG), Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙarfafa (LV) ta amfani da bin umarni.

# pvs 
# vgs
# lvs

Anan, shine bayanin kowane sigogi da aka nuna a hoton da ke sama.

  1. Girman Disk (Girman PV)
  2. Disk wanda aka yi amfani da shi shine Virtual Disk vda.
  3. Girman Rukuni na Juzu'i (Girman VG)
  4. Sunan Rukuni (vg_tecmint)
  5. Sunan ƙarar ma'ana (LogVol00, LogVol01)
  6. LogVol00 An sanya shi don sawp tare da Girman 1GB
  7. LogVol01 An sanya wa/tare da 16.5GB

Don haka, daga nan mun fahimci cewa babu isasshen sarari a cikin faifan VDA.

2. Domin Ƙirƙirar Sabon Ƙungiya mai girma, muna buƙatar ƙara ƙarin hard disks 3 a cikin wannan uwar garken. Ba wajibi ba ne a yi amfani da Drives guda 3 kawai 1 ya isa don ƙirƙirar sabon VG da LV a cikin wannan vg, Ina ƙara ƙarin anan don dalilai na nunawa kuma don ƙarin umarnin fasali bayani.

Wadannan su ne faifan da na ƙara ƙari.

sda, sdb, sdc
# fdisk -l

  1. Default Disk ta amfani da tsarin aiki (Centos6.5).
  2. An bayyana ɓangarori a cikin tsoho Disk (vda1 = musanya), (vda2 = /).
  3. An ambaci ƙarin faifan diski azaman Disk1, Disk2, Disk3.

Kowane diski yana da 20 GB a Girman. Tsohuwar Girman PE na Rukunin Ƙirar ita ce 4 MB, Ƙungiyar Ƙirar abin da muke amfani da ita a cikin wannan uwar garken an saita ta ta amfani da tsoho PE.

  1. Sunan VG - Sunan Rukunin Ƙirar.
  2. Tsarin - LVM Architecture An Yi Amfani da LVM2.
  3. Harkokin VG - Rukunin ƙara yana cikin Karanta da Rubuta kuma a shirye don amfani.
  4. Matsalar VG - Ƙungiya mai girma za a iya sake girmanta, Za mu iya faɗaɗa ƙarin idan muna buƙatar ƙara ƙarin sarari.
  5. Cur LV - A halin yanzu akwai juzu'i na ma'ana guda 2 a cikin wannan Rukunin Ƙirar.
  6. CurPV da Dokar PV - A halin yanzu Amfani da Physical Disk shine 1 (vda), Kuma yana aiki, don haka abin da zamu iya amfani da wannan rukunin juzu'i.
  7. Girman PE - Ƙarfafan Jiki, Girman faifai na iya bayyana ta amfani da girman PE ko GB, 4MB shine Default PE girman LVM. Misali, idan muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar girman 5 GB na girman ma'ana za mu iya amfani da jimlar 1280 PE, Shin ba ku fahimci abin da nake faɗa ba?.

Anan Bayanin -> 1024MB = 1GB, idan haka ne 1024MB x 5 = 5120PE = 5GB, Yanzu Raba 5120/4 = 1280, 4 shine Default PE Size.

  1. Jimlar PE - Wannan Rukunin Ƙarar suna da.
  2. Alloc PE - Jimlar PE da Aka Yi Amfani da shi, cikakken PE da aka riga Anyi amfani dashi, 4482 x 4PE = 17928.
  3. PE PE - Anan an riga an yi amfani da shi don haka babu PE kyauta.

3. Vda kawai ake amfani dashi, A halin yanzu Centos An Shigar /boot, /, swap, a cikin vda ta zahiri ta amfani da lvm babu sauran sarari a cikin wannan. faifai.

# df -TH

Hoton da ke sama yana nuna Dutsen Point muna amfani da 18GB cikakke ana amfani dashi don tushen, don haka babu sarari kyauta.

4. Don haka, bari mu ƙirƙiri sabon juzu'i na zahiri (pv), Rukunin Juzu'i (vg) a cikin sunan tecmint_add_vg kuma mu ƙirƙiri madaidaicin juzu'i (< b>lv) a ciki, Anan za mu iya ƙirƙirar juzu'i masu ma'ana guda 4 da sunan tecmint_documents, tecmint_manager da tecmint_public.

Za mu iya tsawaita Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafawa na amfani da VG a halin yanzu don samun ƙarin sarari. Amma a nan, abin da za mu yi shi ne Ƙirƙirar Sabon Ƙungiya mai Ƙarfafawa kuma mu yi wasa a kusa da shi, daga baya za mu iya ganin yadda za a tsawaita tsarin fayil na Ƙarfafa Ƙwararru wanda ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu.

Kafin amfani da sabon Disk muna buƙatar raba diski ta amfani da fdisk.

# fdisk -cu /dev/sda

  1. c - Kashe yanayin da ya dace da DOS yana ba da shawarar haɗa wannan Zaɓin.
  2. u - Yayin da ake jera teburan rabo zai ba mu a fannin maimakon silinda.

Na gaba, bi matakan da ke ƙasa don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.

  1. Zaɓi n don ƙirƙirar sabo.
  2. Zaɓi p don ƙirƙirar bangare na farko.
  3. Zaɓi adadin ɓangaren da muke buƙatar ƙirƙirar.
  4. Latsa Shigar sau biyu don amfani da cikakken sarari na Disk.
  5. Muna buƙatar canza nau'in sabon nau'in ɓangaren t.
  6. Wanne adadin bangare ne ake buƙatar canza, zaɓi lambar da muka ƙirƙira ta 1.
    7. Anan muna buƙatar canza nau'in, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar LVM don haka za mu yi amfani da nau'in lambar LVM a matsayin 8e, idan ba mu san nau'in lambar danna L don lissafta kowane nau'in ba. lambobi.
  7. Buga Rarraba abin da muka ƙirƙira don kawai tabbatarwa.
    8. Anan zamu iya ganin ID azaman 8e LINUX LVM.
  8. Rubuta canje-canje kuma fita fdisk.

Yi matakan da ke sama don sauran 2 disks sdb da sdc don ƙirƙirar sabbin ɓangarori. Sa'an nan Sake kunna na'ura don tabbatar da tebur ta amfani da umarnin fdisk.

# fdisk -l

5. Yanzu, lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri Ƙaƙƙarfan Jiki ta amfani da dukkan faifai 3. Anan, na jera faifan zahiri ta amfani da umarnin pvs, pvs guda ɗaya ne kawai aka jera yanzu.

# pvs

Sannan ƙirƙirar sabbin faifai na zahiri ta amfani da umarni.

# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Har ila yau jera faifan don ganin sabbin faifai na zahiri da aka ƙirƙira.

# pvs

6. Ƙirƙiri Ƙungiya Ƙarfafa a cikin sunan tecmint_add_vg ta amfani da samuwa kyauta PV Ƙirƙiri ta amfani da girman PE 32. Don Nuna ƙungiyoyin ƙararraki na yanzu, zamu iya ganin akwai rukuni ɗaya tare da 1 PV ta amfani da.

# vgs

Wannan zai ƙirƙiri rukunin ƙarar ta amfani da girman 32MB PE a cikin sunan tecmint_add_vg ta amfani da kundin jiki guda 3 da muka ƙirƙira a matakai na ƙarshe.

# vgcreate -s 32M tecmint_add_vg /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Na gaba, tabbatar da rukunin ƙara ta hanyar sake gudanar da umarnin vgs.

# vgs

Fahimtar fitowar umarni vgs:

  1. Sunan Rukuni.
  2. Ƙararrakin Jiki da ake amfani da su a cikin wannan Rukunin Ƙirar.
  3. Yana nuna sarari kyauta a cikin wannan rukunin juzu'i.
  4. Jimlar Girman Rukunin Ƙarar.
  5. Logical Volumes cikin wannan rukunin juzu'i, A nan ba mu ƙirƙira ba tukuna don haka akwai 0.
  6. SN = Adadin hotuna da rukunin ƙara ya ƙunshi. (Daga baya zamu iya ƙirƙirar hoto).
  7. Halin Ƙungiya Ƙaƙƙarfan azaman Rubutu, ana iya karantawa, mai iya sake girmanta, fitarwa, ɓangarori da tari, Anan shine wz–n- wanda ke nufin w = Rubuce-rubuce, z = mai girma..
  8. Lambar Ƙarar Jiki (PV) da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wannan Rukunin Ƙirar.

7. Don nuna ƙarin bayani game da rukunin ƙara amfani da umarnin.

# vgs -v

8. Don samun ƙarin bayani game da sabbin ƙungiyoyin ƙararrawa, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# vgdisplay tecmint_add_vg

  1. Sunan rukuni na ƙara
  2. An yi amfani da Gine-gine na LVM.
    3. Ana iya karantawa da rubuta yanayin, a shirye don amfani.
  3. Wannan rukunin juzu'i na iya zama mai girma.
  4. Ba a yi amfani da diski na zahiri ba kuma suna aiki.
  5. Jimlar Girman Rukuni.
  6. Girman PE guda ɗaya ya kasance 32 a nan.
  7. Jimlar adadin PE da ake samu a wannan rukunin juzu'i.
  8. A halin yanzu ba mu ƙirƙiri wani LV ba a cikin wannan VG don haka yana da cikakkiyar kyauta.
  9. UUID na wannan rukunin juzu'i.

9. Yanzu, ceate 3 Ma'ana Juzu'i a cikin sunan tecmint_documents, tecmint_manager da tecmint_public. Anan, zamu iya ganin yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Ƙirar Ma'ana ta Amfani da girman PE da Amfani da Girman GB. Da farko, jera Ƙirarrun Ma'ana ta Yanzu ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# lvs

10. Waɗannan Juzu'i na Ma'ana suna cikin vg_tecmint Rukunin Juzu'i. Yi lissafin kuma duba adadin sarari kyauta don ƙirƙirar kundin ma'ana ta amfani da umarnin pvs.

# pvs

11. Girman rukunin rukunin shine 54GB kuma ba a amfani da shi, Don haka zamu iya ƙirƙirar LV a ciki. Bari mu raba rukunin ƙara zuwa daidai girman girman don ƙirƙirar juzu'i masu ma'ana guda 3. Wannan yana nufin 54GB/3 = 18GB, Ƙa'idar Ma'ana guda ɗaya zai zama 18GB a Girman bayan Halitta.

Da farko bari mu ƙirƙiri Ƙaƙwalwar Hankali Ta Amfani da Girman Extends na Jiki (PE). Muna buƙatar sanin Tsohuwar Girman PE da aka sanya don wannan Rukunin Ƙarar da Jimlar PE da ke akwai don ƙirƙirar sabbin Juzu'i Masu Ma'ana, Gudanar da umarnin don samun bayanin ta amfani da.

# vgdisplay tecmint_add_vg

  1. Default PE Assigned for this VG is 32MB, Anan Single PE size zai zama 32MB.
  2. Jimlar Samfuran PE shine 1725.

Kawai yi kuma duba ɗan ƙididdigewa ta amfani da umarnin bc.

# bc
1725PE/3 = 575 PE. 
575 PE x 32MB = 18400 --> 18GB

Latsa CRTL+D don fita daga bc. Yanzu bari mu Ƙirƙiri Ƙirar Hanyoyi 3 ta amfani da 575 PE's.

# lvcreate -l (Extend size) -n (name_of_logical_volume) (volume_group)

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_documents tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_manager tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

  1. -l - Ƙirƙiri ta amfani da Girman Girman
  2. -n - Ba da Sunan Ƙarar Ma'ana.

Lissafin Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙirar Hannu ta amfani da umarnin lvs.

# lvs

Yayin Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Hankali ta amfani da girman GB ba za mu iya samun ainihin girman ba. Don haka, hanya mafi kyau ita ce ƙirƙirar ta amfani da tsawo.

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_documents tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_manager tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 17.8G -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

Lissafin Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙƙarfan ma'ana ta amfani da umarnin lvs.

# lvs

Anan, zamu iya gani yayin ƙirƙirar LV na 3 ba za mu iya Zagayawa-har zuwa 18GB ba, saboda ƙananan canje-canje a girman, Amma wannan batu za a yi watsi da shi yayin ƙirƙirar LV ta amfani da Extend size.

12. Domin amfani da ma'ana kundin muna bukatar mu tsara. Anan ina amfani da tsarin fayil na ext4 don ƙirƙirar kundin kuma zan hau ƙarƙashin /mnt/.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_documents

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_public

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_manager

13. Bari mu Ƙirƙiri adireshi a cikin /mnt da kuma Ƙirƙirar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar abin da muka ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil.

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_documents /mnt/tecmint_documents/

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_public /mnt/tecmint_public/

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_manager /mnt/tecmint_manager/

Yi lissafin kuma tabbatar da Dutsen batu ta amfani da.

 
# df -h

Yanzu an ɗora shi na ɗan lokaci, don dutsen dindindin muna buƙatar ƙara shigarwa a fstab, don haka bari mu sami shigarwar dutsen daga mtab ta amfani da

# cat /etc/mtab

Muna buƙatar yin ƴan canje-canje a cikin shigarwar fstab yayin shigar da kwafin abubuwan shigarwar dutsen daga mtab, muna buƙatar canza rw zuwa abubuwan da suka dace.

# vim /etc/fstab

Shigar da fstab ɗin mu yana so ya zama kama da samfurin ƙasa. Ajiye kuma fita daga fstab ta amfani da wq!.

/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_documents    /mnt/tecmint_documents  ext4    defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_public       /mnt/tecmint_public     ext4    defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_manager      /mnt/tecmint_manager    ext4    defaults 0 0

Yi umarnin mount -a don bincika shigarwar fstab kafin sake farawa.

# mount -av

Anan mun ga yadda ake saita ma'aji mai sassauƙa tare da ƙididdiga masu ma'ana ta amfani da faifai na zahiri zuwa ƙarar jiki, ƙarar jiki zuwa ƙungiyar ƙara, ƙungiyar ƙara zuwa ƙididdige ma'ana.

A cikin kasidu na masu zuwa, zan ga yadda za a tsawaita rukunin ƙara, ƙididdiga masu ma'ana, rage girman ma'ana, ɗaukar hoto da mayarwa daga hoto. Har sai a ci gaba da sabunta zuwa TecMint don ƙarin irin waɗannan labarai masu ban mamaki.