Observium: Cikakken Tsarin Gudanarwa da Tsarin Kulawa don RHEL/CentOS
Observium shine aikace-aikacen Kulawa da Kulawa da Kulawa na hanyar sadarwa na PHP/MySQL, wanda ke tallafawa nau'ikan tsarin aiki/dandamali na kayan aiki da suka haɗa da, Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Cisco, HP, Dell, NetApp da ƙari mai yawa. Yana neman gabatar da ƙaƙƙarfan hanyar haɗin yanar gizo mai sauƙi don saka idanu lafiya da aikin hanyar sadarwar ku.
Observium yana tattara bayanai daga na'urori tare da taimakon SNMP kuma yana nuna waɗancan bayanan a cikin ƙirar hoto ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo. Yana yin amfani da fakitin RRDtool sosai. Yana da ɗimbin maƙasudin ƙira na bakin ciki, waɗanda suka haɗa da tattara bayanai na tarihi da yawa game da na'urori, ana gano su gaba ɗaya ta atomatik tare da ɗan ƙaramin katsewa ko da hannu, da samun saurin dubawa mai sauƙi amma mai ƙarfi.
Da fatan za a sami saurin demo na kan layi na Observium wanda mai haɓakawa ya tura a wuri mai zuwa.
- http://demo.observium.org/
Wannan labarin zai jagorance ku kan yadda ake shigar da Observium akan RHEL, CentOS da Linux Linux, sigar da aka goyan bayan ita ce EL (Interprise Linux) 6.x. A halin yanzu, Observium baya samun tallafi don sakin EL 4 da 5 bi da bi. Don haka, don Allah kar a yi amfani da waɗannan umarni masu zuwa akan waɗannan sakewar.
Mataki 1: Ƙara RPM Forge da Ma'ajiyar EPEL
RPMForge da EPEL wurin ajiya ne wanda ke ba da fakitin software da yawa na rpm don RHEL, CentOS da Linux na Kimiyya. Bari mu shigar kuma mu ba da damar waɗannan ma'ajiyar al'umma guda biyu ta amfani da mahimman umarni masu zuwa.
# yum install wget # wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm # wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # wget http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt # rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt # rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm # rpm -Uvh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# yum install wget # wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.rpm # wget http://epel.mirror.net.in/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # wget http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt # rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt # rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.rpm # rpm -Uvh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Mataki 2: Sanya Fakitin Software da ake buƙata
Yanzu bari mu shigar da fakitin software da ake buƙata don Observium.
# yum install httpd php php-mysql php-gd php-snmp vixie-cron php-mcrypt \ php-pear net-snmp net-snmp-utils graphviz subversion mysql-server mysql rrdtool \ fping ImageMagick jwhois nmap ipmitool php-pear.noarch MySQL-python
Idan kuna son saka idanu akan injunan kama-da-wane, da fatan za a shigar da kunshin 'libvirt'.
# yum install libvirt
Mataki 3: Zazzage Observium
Don bayanin ku, Observium yana da bugu biyu masu zuwa
- Al'umma/Budewar Buɗewa: Wannan fitowar tana samuwa kyauta don saukewa tare da ƴan fasali da ƴan gyaran tsaro.
- Buguwar Kuɗi: Wannan fitowar tana zuwa tare da ƙarin fasali, fasali mai sauri/gyara, tallafin kayan aiki da sauƙin amfani da tsarin sakin tushen SVN.
Da farko kewaya zuwa/fita kai tsaye, a nan za mu shigar da Observium azaman tsoho. Idan kuna son shigar da wani wuri, da fatan za a gyara umarni da daidaitawa daidai. Muna ba da shawarar ku da farko da ku fara turawa ƙarƙashin /ficewa directory. Da zarar kun tabbatar cewa komai yana aiki daidai, zaku iya shigarwa a wurin da kuke so.
Idan kuna da biyan kuɗin Observium mai aiki, zaku iya amfani da ma'ajiyar SVN don saukar da sigar kwanan nan. Ingataccen asusun biyan kuɗi yana aiki ne kawai don shigarwa ɗaya da gwaji biyu ko na'urorin haɓakawa tare da facin tsaro na yau da kullun, sabbin abubuwa da gyaran kwaro.
Don zazzage mafi ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali da sigar Observium na yanzu, kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin svn akan tsarin, don cire fayilolin daga ma'ajiyar SVN.
# yum install svn
# svn co http://svn.observium.org/svn/observium/trunk observium
# svn co http://svn.observium.org/svn/observium/branches/stable observium
Ba mu da ingantaccen biyan kuɗi, Don haka za mu gwada Observium ta amfani da Buɗewar Al'umma/Open Source. Zazzage sabuwar sigar 'observium-community-latest.tar.gz' tsayayye kuma buɗe shi kamar yadda aka nuna.
# cd /opt # wget http://www.observium.org/observium-community-latest.tar.gz # tar zxvf observium-community-latest.tar.gz
Mataki 4: Ƙirƙirar Observium MySQL Database
Wannan tsaftataccen shigarwa ne na MySQL. Don haka, za mu saita sabon kalmar sirri tare da taimakon bin umarni.
# service mysqld start # /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'yourmysqlpassword'
Yanzu shiga cikin mysql harsashi kuma ƙirƙirar sabon bayanan Observium.
# mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE observium; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON observium.* TO 'observium'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'dbpassword';
Mataki 5: Sanya Observium
Saita SELinux don aiki tare da Observium ya wuce iyakar wannan labarin, don haka mun kashe SELinux. Idan kun saba da dokokin SELinux, to zaku iya saita shi, amma babu tabbacin cewa Observium yana aiki tare da SELinux mai aiki. Don haka, mafi kyau a kashe shi har abada. Don yin haka, buɗe fayil ɗin '/ sauransu/sysconfig/selinux' kuma canza zaɓi daga '' halatta' zuwa 'nakasa'.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
Kwafi tsohuwar fayil ɗin sanyi 'config.php.default'zuwa' config.php'kuma canza saitunan kamar yadda aka nuna.
# /opt/observium # cp config.php.default config.php
Yanzu buɗe fayil ɗin 'config.php' kuma shigar da bayanan MySQL kamar sunan bayanai, sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa.
# vi config.php
// Database config $config['db_host'] = 'localhost'; $config['db_user'] = 'observium'; $config['db_pass'] = 'dbpassword'; $config['db_name'] = 'observium';
Sannan ƙara shigarwa don fping binary location zuwa config.php. A cikin rarraba RHEL wurin ya bambanta.
$config['fping'] = "/usr/sbin/fping";
Na gaba, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa don saita bayanan MySQL kuma saka tsarin tsohowar fayil ɗin bayanai.
# php includes/update/update.php
Mataki 6: Sanya Apache don Observium
Yanzu ƙirƙiri littafin 'rrd' a ƙarƙashin '/ fita/observium' directory don adana RRD's.
# /opt/observium # mkdir rrd
Na gaba, ba da ikon mallakar Apache zuwa kundin adireshin 'rrd' don rubutawa da adana RRD's a ƙarƙashin wannan kundin adireshi.
# chown apache:apache rrd
Ƙirƙiri umarnin Mai watsa shiri na Apache don Obervium a cikin fayil '/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf'.
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Ƙara umarnin Mai watsa shiri na Virtual a kasan fayil ɗin kuma kunna sashin Virtualhost kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.
<VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html/ ServerName observium.domain.com CustomLog /opt/observium/logs/access_log combined ErrorLog /opt/observium/logs/error_log <Directory "/opt/observium/html/"> AllowOverride All Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost>
Don kula da rajistan ayyukan observium, ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi na 'logs' don Apache ƙarƙashin'/op/observium'kuma a yi amfani da ikon Apache don rubuta rajistan ayyukan.
# mkdir /opt/observium/logs # chown apache:apache /opt/observium/logs
Bayan duk saituna, sake kunna sabis na Apache.
# service httpd restart
Mataki 7: Ƙirƙiri Mai Amfani Admin Observium
Ƙara mai amfani na farko, ba da matakin 10 don admin. Tabbatar maye gurbin sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri tare da zaɓinku.
# cd /opt/observium # ./adduser.php tecmint tecmint123 10 User tecmint added successfully.
Na gaba ƙara Sabuwar Na'ura kuma gudanar da bin umarni don cika bayanai don sabuwar na'ura.
# ./add_device.php <hostname> <community> v2c # ./discovery.php -h all # ./poller.php -h all
Na gaba saita ayyukan cron, ƙirƙirar sabon fayil '/etc/cron.d/observium'kuma ƙara abubuwan da ke biyowa.
33 */6 * * * root /opt/observium/discovery.php -h all >> /dev/null 2>&1 */5 * * * * root /opt/observium/discovery.php -h new >> /dev/null 2>&1 */5 * * * * root /opt/observium/poller-wrapper.py 1 >> /dev/null 2>&1
Sake loda tsarin cron don ɗaukar sabbin shigarwar.
# /etc/init.d/cron reload
Mataki na ƙarshe shine ƙara httpd da tsarin sabis na mysqld gabaɗaya, don farawa ta atomatik bayan boot ɗin tsarin.
# chkconfig mysqld on # chkconfig httpd on
A ƙarshe, buɗe burauzar da kuka fi so kuma ku nuna zuwa http://Your-Ip-Address.
Masu biyowa sune abubuwan da aka kama na tsakiyar 2013 na ƙarshe, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga gidan yanar gizon Observium. Don kallo na zamani, da fatan za a duba demo live.
Kammalawa
Observium ba yana nufin cire sauran kayan aikin sa ido kamar Cacti ba, amma don ƙara su da kyakkyawar fahimtar wasu na'urori. Don wannan dalili, mahimmancin sa tura Observium tare da Naigos ko wasu tsarin sa ido don samar da faɗakarwa da Cacti don samar da keɓantaccen zane na na'urorin cibiyar sadarwar ku.
Rubutun Magana:
- Shafin Gida na Observium
- Takardun Kulawa