Shigar da LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP da PhpMyAdmin) a cikin Linux Gentoo


Matsakaicin aikin da aka samu ta hanyar tattara software daga tushe tare da Gentoo yana da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri, idan muka ɗauki matsayin aikin sarrafa wutar lantarki a yau. To mene ne dalilin amfani da Gentoo a matsayin dandalin sabar gidan yanar gizo da zaku iya tambaya? Da kyau, mafi mahimmancin sifa da Gentoo ke da shi shine matsanancin sassaucin ra'ayi wanda Portagezai iya ba da takamaiman ayyuka da cikakken iko wanda mai amfani na ƙarshe zai iya cimma kan tsarin gabaɗayan, saboda gaskiyar cewa Gentoo ya tattara kuma gina daga tushe kuma baya amfani da binary ɗin da aka riga aka shirya kamar yawancin rarrabawar Linux.

Wannan jagorar tana ba da tsarin shigarwa mataki-mataki don shahararren LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, da kuma PHP/PhpMyAdmin) ta amfani da ƙaramin yanayin shigarwa na Gentoo.

  1. Ƙananan yanayin Gentoo Linux wanda aka shigar kamar a cikin wannan koyawa (Shigar da Linux Gentoo)

Mataki 1: Sanya Adireshin IP a tsaye

1. Kafin mu ci gaba da shigar da LAMP stack dole ne a daidaita tsarin tare da adireshi na tsaye, wanda shine \dole ne idan akwai uwar garken. umarnin ifconfig don nuna sunayen Katin Interface Cards.

# ifconfig -a

Kamar yadda kuke gani sunan NIC zai iya bambanta da sauran sunayen gama gari da ake amfani da su a cikin Linux kamar su ethX, ensXX ko wasu, don haka a lura da wannan sunan don ƙarin saitunan.

2. Idan a baya kun yi amfani da uwar garken DHCP don hanyar sadarwar ku, tabbatar cewa kun rushe kuma ku kashe Client DHCP akan tsarin ku ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa (maye gurbin IPs da na'urorin tare da naku. saituna).

# rc-update del dhcpcd default
# /etc/init.d/dhcpcd stop
# ifconfig eno16777736 down
# ifconfig eno16777736 del 192.168.1.13 netmask 255.255.255.0
# emerge –unmerge dhcpcd

3. Sannan ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗi ta alama daga na'urar loopback na cibiyar sadarwa tare da sunan haɗin haɗin NIC ɗin ku kuma ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin daidaitawa na wannan na'urar a cikin hanyar /etc/conf.d/.

# ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo  /etc/init.d/net.eno16777736
# sudo nano /etc/conf.d/net.eno16777736

Shirya wannan fayil ɗin na'urar tare da saitunan masu zuwa.

config_eno16777736="192.168.1.25 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.1.255"
routes_eno16777736="default via 192.168.1.1"
dns_servers_eno16777736="192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8"

4. Bayan gama gyara NIC's static configurations, fara Network Interface kuma tabbatar da saitunan cibiyar sadarwa da haɗin kai ta amfani da ifconfig da ping umarni kuma idan an daidaita komai cikin nasara ƙara shi don fara aiwatarwa.

# /etc/init.d/net.eno16777736 start
# ifconfig
# ping -c2 domain.tld
# rc-update add net.eno16777736 default

Idan kana son sabobin sunan DNS su zama tsarin daidaita tsarin gyara /etc/resolv.conf fayil kuma saka igiyar uwar garken don kowane adireshin IP na DNS.

Mataki 2: Shigar LAMP

5. Bayan kun gama tare da saitunan cibiyar sadarwa ku ci gaba da shigar da LAMP stack, amma ba kafin ku tabbatar da bayanan martaba na Gentoo ba da sabunta bishiyar Portage da tsarin.

Don uwar garken da ke fuskantar Intanet tare da faci na tsaro tabbas za ku so a yi amfani da bayanin martabar Hardened wanda ke canza saitunan fakitin gaba ɗaya tsarin ku (mask, tutocin AMFANI, da sauransu). Yi amfani da waɗannan umarni don jera da canza bayanan martaba.

$ sudo eselect profile list
$ sudo eselect profile set 11

6. Bayan an saita bayanan da suka dace da ku, sabunta tsarin ku da bishiyar Portage.

$ sudo emerge --sync
$ sudo emerge --update @world

7. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ci gaba da shigarwa na LAMP. Tabbatar da takaddun sabar gidan yanar gizo ta Apache don Yi amfani da tutoci ta amfani da fitowa –pv canjin umarni, sannan shirya fayil make.conf tare da tutocin AMFANI da ake buƙata kafin yunƙurin yin shigar da shi.

# emerge -pv apache
# nano /etc/portage/make.conf

8. Zaɓi Yi amfani da tutocin ku don tsara tsarin (zaku iya barin shi kamar yadda yake idan uwar garken ba ta buƙatar wasu kayayyaki), sannan shigar da Apache ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# emerge --ask www-servers/apache

9. Kafin fara sabis na Apache gudanar da umarni mai zuwa don guje wa kuskure ServerName, sannan fara httpd daemon.

# echo “ServerName localhost” >> /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
# service apache2  start

OR

# /etc/init.d/apache2 start

10. A mataki na gaba shigar PHP Harshen rubutu mai ƙarfi. Saboda wadatar nau'ikan PHP, wannan koyawa za ta gabatar muku da jerin manyan kayayyaki da aka yi amfani da su azaman Amfani da tutoci, amma yakamata ku tsaya tare da waɗanda tsarin sabar ku ke buƙata.

Da farko sami AMFANI takamaiman tutoci don PHP ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# emerge -pv php

11. Sannan a gyara /etc/portage/make.conf fayil kuma yi amfani da alamar USE mai zuwa don PHP5.5 ( Tutocin AMFANI dole ne a kunne. layi daya).

USE="apache2 php pam berkdb bzip2 cli crypt ctype exif fileinfo filter gdbm hash iconv ipv6 json -ldap nls opcache phar posix readline session simplexml spell ssl tokenizer truetype unicode xml zlib -bcmath calendar -cdb cgi -cjk curl -debug -embed -enchant -firebird -flatfile -fpm (-frontbase) ftp gd -gmp imap -inifile -intl -iodbc -kerberos -ldap-sasl -libedit libmysqlclient -mhash -mssql mysql mysqli -oci8-instant-client -odbc -pcntl pdo -postgres -qdbm -recode (-selinux) -sharedmem -snmp -soap -sockets -sqlite (-sybase-ct) -systemd -sysvipc -threads -tidy -wddx -xmlreader -xmlrpc -xmlwriter -xpm -xslt zip jpeg png pcre session unicode"

PHP_TARGETS="php5-5"

Wata hanyar da za ku iya amfani da ita ita ce ta hanyar ƙara Yi amfani da tutoci don haɗa samfuran PHP da ake so da zaɓuɓɓuka cikin fayil /etc/portage/package.use.

# echo “dev-lang/php apache2 cgi ctype curl curlwrappers -doc exif fastbuild filter ftp hash inifile json mysql mysqli pdo pic posix sockets spell truetype xml zip” >> /etc/portage/package.use

12. Bayan kun zaɓi Yi amfani da tutoci da ake buƙata ta amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin biyu da aka gabatar, shigar da PHP tare da umarni mai zuwa.

# emerge --ask dev-lang/php

13. Tsarin ci gaba na PHP na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci dangane da albarkatun tsarin ku kuma bayan ya gama gaya Apache don amfani da samfuran PHP ta hanyar gyara /etc/conf.d/apache2 fayil kuma ƙara PHP5 akan APACHE2_OPTS umarni.

# nano /etc/conf.d/apache2

Yi layin APACHE2_OPTS yayi kama da wannan.

APACHE2_OPTS="-D DEFAULT_VHOST -D INFO -D SSL -D SSL_DEFAULT_VHOST -D LANGUAGE -D PHP5"

Don samun jerin abubuwan da aka shigar yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# ls -al /etc/apache2/modules.d/

14. Don gwada tsarin uwar garken zuwa yanzu, ƙirƙiri fayil phpinfo akan tushen tushen tushen localhost (/var/www/localhost/htdocs/) sannan a sake kunna sabis na Apache, sannan nuna naku. browser zuwa http://localhost/info.php ko http://system_IP/info.php.

# echo "<!--?php phpinfo(); ?-->"  /var/www/localhost/htdocs/info.php
# service apache2  restart

OR

# /etc/init.d/apache2  restart

Idan kun sami sakamako iri ɗaya kamar hoton da ke sama to an daidaita sabar ku daidai. Don haka, za mu iya ci gaba tare da MySQL database da PhpMyAdmin shigarwa.

15. Kafin shigar MySQL database tabbatar kunshin Yi amfani da tutoci kuma a gyara Portage make.conf idan an buƙata. Yi amfani da waɗannan umarni don tabbatarwa da shigar da bayanan uwar garken MySQL.

# emerge -pv mysql
# emerge --ask dev-db/mysql

16. Kafin ka fara MySQL uwar garken tabbatar da cewa MySQL database an shigar a kan tsarin ta amfani da wannan umarni.

# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db

17. Yanzu fara MySQL database da kuma kiyaye shi ta amfani da mysql_secure_installation ta hanyar canza tushen kalmar sirri, musaki tushen shiga waje localhost, cire mai amfani da ba a san su ba da kuma gwada bayanai.

# service mysql start
# mysql_secure_installation

18. Don gwada aikin bayanan bayanai login zuwa MySQL yana ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa kuma fita bayanan tare da sanarwar barin.

mysql -u roo -p
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
mysql> quit;

19. Idan kana buƙatar ƙirar hoto don sarrafa uwar garken MySQL shigar da kunshin PhpMyAdmin ta hanyar gudanar da wannan umarni.

# emerge -pv phpmyadmin
# emerge  dev-db/phpmyadmin

20. Bayan an haɗa kunshin kuma an shigar da shi, ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin daidaitawa don PhpMyAdmin ta yin kwafin fayil ɗin samfurin sa kuma maye gurbin blowfish_asirin kalmar wucewa ta amfani da kirtani sabani.

# cp /var/www/localhost/htdocs/phpmyadmin/config.sample.inc.php  /var/www/localhost/htdocs/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
# nano /var/www/localhost/htdocs/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

21. Gwada tsarin shiga PhpMyAdmin ta hanyar buɗe mai bincike kuma amfani da URL mai zuwa.

http://localhost/phpmyadmin

22. Idan komai yana wurin, kuna iya fara ayyukanku ta atomatik bayan sake yi ta hanyar samar da su gabaɗaya ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

# rc-update -v add apache2 default
# rc-update -v add mysql default

Shi ke nan! Yanzu kuna da yanayin gidan yanar gizo mai ƙarfi tare da Apache, yaren rubutun rubutu na PHP da kuma alaƙar bayanan MySQL akan babban dandamalin sabar sabar da za'a iya daidaitawa ta Gentoo.