Ubuntu 14.04 Jagorar Shigarwa na Sabar da Saita LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP)


Tare da sakin duk abubuwan dandano na Ubuntu 14.04 akan Afrilu 17 2014 ciki har da Ubuntu don samfuran Waya da kwamfutar hannu, Canonical, kamfanin da ke bayan Ubuntu, shima ya saki Server, Cloud and Server Core Editions tare da garantin dogon lokaci na tsawon shekaru biyar akan software da sabuntawa har sai Afrilu 2019.

Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan game da wannan sakin sunan amintaccen Tahr shine cewa Ɗabi'ar Sabar a yanzu tana nan don na'urori masu sarrafa kwamfuta na x64 bit.

Sauran mahimman abubuwa game da wannan sakin ana gabatar dasu a cikin Shafin Wiki na hukuma na Ubuntu:

  1. Linux kernel 3.13 dangane da v3.13.9 na sama madaidaicin kernel mayya sun haɗa da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar sadarwar yanar gizo akan haɗin keɓancewa, gada, sarrafa haɗin TCP da goyon bayan vSwitch 2.0.1.
  2. Mafi kyawun tallafi na kama-da-wane (XEN, KVM, WMware da Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor), aikin gabaɗaya akan Tsarin Fayil, tallafin ARM da sauran haɓakawa da yawa.
  3. Python 3.4
  4. Sabbin fasali na AppArmor
  5. Farawa 1.12.1
  6. OpenStack (Icehouse) 2014.1
  7. Yar tsana 3
  8. Xen 4.4 (x86 da x64 kawai)
  9. Ceph 0.79
  10. Qemu 2.0.0 emulator hardware
  11. Buɗe vSwitch 2.0.1
  12. Libvirt 1.2.2
  13. LXC 1.0
  14. MAAS 1.5
  15. Jujuju 1.18.1
  16. StrongSwan IPSec
  17. MySQL (madaidaicin al'umma MariaDB 5.5, Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.5, MySQL 5.6 kuma)
  18. Apache 2.4
  19. PHP 5.5

Ana iya saukar da hoton ISO na shigarwa ta amfani da hanyar haɗin yanar gizo don tsarin x64 bit kawai.

  1. ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso

Iyakar wannan koyawa ita ce gabatar da ingantaccen shigarwar uwar garken Ubuntu 14.04 wanda aka yi daga kafofin watsa labarai na CD ko sandar bootable na USB da kuma, ainihin shigarwar fakitin LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL da PHP) tare da saiti na asali.

Mataki 1: Shigar da Ubuntu 14.04 Server

1. Ƙirƙiri hoton CD/USB mai bootable. Bayan tsarin booting tsarin zaɓi nau'in bootable media naka daga zaɓuɓɓukan BIOS (CD/DVD ko kebul na USB). A farkon faɗakarwa zaɓi ƙarshen Harshen ku danna Shigar.

2. A kan allo na gaba zaɓi Shigar Ubuntu Server kuma danna Shigar.

3. Na gaba zaži System tsoho Language da kuma Installation tsari Language.

4. Idan ƙasarku kuma ba a jera su a cikin tsoffin wuraren zaɓin zaɓin Wasu, zaɓi Nahiyar ku sannan ƙasar ku.

5. Na gaba zaɓi yankunan ku, Gwada zaɓar na gaba ɗaya kamar UTF-8 encoding don haka daga baya ba za ku sami matsala tare da keyboard ba.

6. A gaba da sauri saita allon madannai na ku - kuma akan sabobin ya kamata ku zaɓi Harshen madannai na gaba ɗaya. Hakanan a wannan matakin mai sakawa zai iya gano Layout ɗin madannai ta atomatik ta danna jerin maɓallai don haka a shawarce ku zaɓi A'a kuma saita Ingilishi azaman harshen tsoho.

7. Bayan an loda wasu ƙarin kayan aikin software don ci gaba da shigarwa. idan an haɗa uwar garken ku zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, kuma kuna gudanar da uwar garken DHCP akan hanyar sadarwar ku kai tsaye mai sakawa yana daidaita saitunan cibiyar sadarwa tare da waɗanda aka bayar daga uwar garken DHCP.

Saboda uwar garken yana ba da sabis na cibiyar sadarwar jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, saitin cibiyar sadarwa (musamman adireshin IP) dole ne ya kasance yana daidaita shi koyaushe.

8. Idan kun sami sakamako iri ɗaya akan sunan mai masaukin yanar gizo da sauri danna maɓallin Tab, zaɓi Komawa sannan sannan saita hanyar sadarwa da hannu.

9. A gaba da sauri jerin shigar da cibiyar sadarwa dubawa saituna: IP address, netmask, gateway da DNS sunan sabobin.

10. Saita sunan mai amfani da tsarin ku - kuma zaku iya shigar da FQDN naku. A shawarce ku da ku zaɓi sunan mai masaukinku cikin hikima da na musamman saboda wasu shirye-shirye sun dogara da wannan sosai.

11. Yanzu ne lokacin da za a saita your administrative mai amfani. A kan Ubuntu wannan mai amfani yana maye gurbin tushen asusun kuma yana da duk tushen ikon asusun ta amfani da sudo. Shigar da sunan mai amfani kuma danna Ci gaba.

12. Shigar da kalmar wucewa sau biyu kuma saboda dalilai na tsaro koyaushe yakamata ku zaɓi mai ƙarfi akan sabobin (aƙalla haruffa 12 waɗanda suka haɗa da babba, ƙasa, lamba da na musamman).

Idan kun yi amfani da kalmar sirri mara ƙarfi mai sakawa zai faɗakar da ku. Idan kana kan uwar garken gwaji to zaɓi Ee kuma ci gaba da gaba.

13. Idan uwar garken ya ƙunshi mahimman bayanai, sirri ko mahimman bayanai akan ɓangaren gida na Masu amfani, allon na gaba yana ba da zaɓi don amintar da duk bayanan ta hanyar ɓoye bayanan gida. Idan ba haka bane zaɓi A'a kuma danna Shigar.

14. Idan mai sakawa yana gudana kuma katin sadarwar sadarwarka yana da haɗin Intanet mai sakawa zai gano wurinka ta atomatik kuma ya saita yankin lokacinka daidai. Idan lokacin da aka bayar bai saita daidai ba kuna da zaɓi don zaɓar shi da hannu daga lissafin kuma zaɓi Ee kuma danna Shigar.

15. Hard-disks Partition Tebur yana daya daga cikin batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi uwar garken saboda a nan kuna da tweaking da yawa don yin la'akari da sabar gidan yanar gizonku na karshe, bayanan bayanai, raba fayil NFS, Samba, uwar garken aikace-aikace da dai sauransu.

  1. Misali idan an sake sakewa, gazawa kuma ana buƙatar samuwa mai yawa zaku iya saita RAID 1, idan sararin ku yayi girma da sauri zaku iya saita RAID 0 da LVM da sauransu.
  2. Don ƙarin amfani na gaba ɗaya kawai kuna iya amfani da zaɓin Jagora tare da LVM, wanda zaɓi ne na musamman da masu haɓakawa suka yi.
  3. Don yanayin samarwa tabbas ya kamata ku sami LVM, software ko hardware RAID da rarrabuwa don/(tushen),/gida,/boot da/var (bangaren/var yana da ƙimar girma mafi sauri akan sabar samarwa saboda Anan akwai logs, databeses, aikace-aikacen meta bayanai, cache sabobin da sauran su.

Don haka akan Rarraba Disks zaɓi Jagoran –mai amfani gabaɗayan faifai kuma saita LVM -> zaɓi faifan diski ɗin ku zuwa bangare kuma karɓi tebirin ɓangaren.

16. Bayan da partition table da aka rubuta zuwa faifai mai sakawa sake sa ka da partition review. Karɓi Tebur ɗin Rarraba kuma danna Ee.

Idan kuna son yin wasu canje-canje zuwa wannan Teburin Rarraba za ku iya zaɓar A'a kuma ku shirya ɓangarorinku.

17. Bayan an rubuta dukkan sassan hard-disk zuwa faifai mai sakawa ya fara kwafin software ɗin bayanai zuwa faifai sannan ya isa zaɓin HTTP proxy. Idan baku shiga Intanet ta hanyar wakili bar shi komai kuma ku Ci gaba.

18. Na gaba mai sakawa ya duba hoton CD don fakitin software kuma ya kai ga zaɓin Updates. Zaɓi Babu sabuntawa ta atomatik saboda a kan sabobin ya kamata ka gwada sabunta tsarin da hannu.

19. Yanzu an shigar da tsarin tushe amma mai sakawa yana kiran tasksel kunshin wanda ke taimaka maka shigar da wasu fakitin uwar garken kafin ka gama. Don ingantacciyar iko akan uwar garken ku zaɓi uwar garken OpenSSH kawai ta latsa maɓallin sararin samaniya yayin da za'a shigar da wasu kuma a daidaita su daga baya kuma zaɓi Ci gaba.

20. Ana shigar da fakitin da aka zaɓa yayin da zaɓi na ƙarshe yana nunawa akan duban ku yana buƙatar Sanya GRUB zuwa MRB. Saboda tsarin ba zai iya yin taya kan kansa ba tare da GRUB ba, zaɓi Ee.

21. Da zarar an shigar da GRUB boot loader tsarin shigarwa ya kai ƙarshensa. Cire faifan shigarwa na mai jarida (CD/DVD, UDB) kuma danna Ci gaba don sake yi.

Taya murna! Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server edition an shigar da shi yanzu kuma a shirye yake don yin jigila akan sabon ƙarfe ko injin kama-da-wane.

Mataki 2: Basic Network Configuration

A yanzu fakitin uwar garken Core kawai aka shigar kuma ba za ku iya ba da sabis na cibiyar sadarwa da gaske don hanyar sadarwar ku ba.

Domin shigar da shigar software zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na yanzu kuma tabbatar da wasu ƙa'idodi na asali kamar haɗin yanar gizo, saituna, daemon farawa, tushen software, sabuntawa da sauran su ta hanyar gudanar da jerin umarni na Linux.

22. Duba nauyin tsarin da bayanan asali - Bayan shiga tare da takardun shaidarku an gabatar da wannan bayanin ta hanyar tsoho MOTD. Hakanan umarnin hottop suna da amfani.

23. Tabbatar da adiresoshin IP na cibiyar sadarwa ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# ifconfig –a

24. Tabbatar da haɗin Intanet: gudanar da umarnin ping a kan sunan yanki (wannan zai gwada TCP/IP stack da DNS).

# ping –c 4 google.ro

Idan kun sami saƙon wanda ba a sani ba, gyara fayil ɗin '/etc/resolv.conf' kuma ƙara mai zuwa.

nameserver  your_name_servers_IP

Don canje-canje na dindindin shirya fayil '/etc/network/interfaces' kuma ƙara umarnin uwar garken dns-nameserver.

25. Tabbatar da sunan mai masaukin na'ura ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# cat /etc/hostname
# cat /etc/hosts
# hostname
# hostname –f

26. Don kunna ko musaki init daemons akan matakan gudu shigar da gudanar da kayan amfani 'sysv-rc-conf' wanda ya maye gurbin kunshin chkconfig.

$ sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-conf
$ sudo sysv-rc-conf

27. Don farawa, dakatar ko tabbatar da sabis (daemon) gudanar da waɗannan umarni.

# sudo service ssh restart

# sudo /etc/init.d/ service_name start|stop|restart|status

28. Dubi matakan uwar garke, buɗe hanyoyin sadarwa (jihar saurare).

$ ps aux | grep service-name
$ sudo netstat –tulpn
$ sudo lsof -i

29. Don gyara wuraren ajiyar software, buɗe fayil '/etc/apt/sources.list'.

Shigo da sabbin maɓallan ma'ajiya tare da umarnin.

# sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys key_hash

30. Sabunta tsarin.

# sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Mataki na 3: Sanya Tarin LAMP

LAMP acronym yana tsaye ga Linux OS, Apache HTTP Server, MySQL, MariaDB, MongoDB bayanai, Php, Perl ko harsunan shirye-shiryen Python da ake amfani da su don ƙirƙirar shafukan yanar gizo masu ƙarfi. Duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara kyauta ne kuma software na Open-Source kuma sun dace da gina gidajen yanar gizo masu ƙarfi ko wasu aikace-aikacen yanar gizo kuma sune mafi yawan dandamali da ake amfani da su akan Intanet a yau (A bara an kiyasta Apache zai yi aiki sama da 54% na duk gidajen yanar gizo masu aiki).

31. Ana iya shigar da LAMP mataki-mataki ko ta amfani da umarni guda ɗaya kawai.

$ sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 php5-mysql mysql-client mysql-server

Yayin shigarwa shigar da tabbatar da kalmar sirrin databse mysql.

32. Don tabbatar da matsayin php ƙirƙirar fayil 'info.php' a cikin'/var/www/html' hanyar uwar garken tare da abun ciki mai zuwa.

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

33. Sai ka bude browser ka shigar da adireshin IP na uwar garke ko http://server_address/info.php.

Ubuntu 14.04 da LAMP kyakkyawan dandamali ne don isar da sabis na cibiyar sadarwa, haɓaka kowane nau'in gidan yanar gizo mai ƙarfi ko tsayayyen aiki, hadaddun aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo tare da taimakon Apache CGI, duk waɗannan an yi su tare da ƙaramin tasirin kuɗi ta amfani da software na Kyauta da Buɗewa da sabuwar. fasaha.