25 Tambayoyin Interview Apache don Masu farawa da Matsakaici

Muna godiya sosai ga Duk masu karatunmu don amsawar da muke samu don sabon sashin Interview na Linux. Kuma yanzu mun fara sashe na koyo mai hikima don tambayoyin Tambayoyi da kuma ci gaba da wannan labarin na yau yana mai da hankali kan Tambayoyin Tambayoyin Tambayoyin Tambayoyi na Apache waɗanda za su taimake ka ka shirya kanka.

A cikin wannan sashe, mun rufe wasu tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa guda 25 na Apache Job Interview Tambayoyi tare da amsoshinsu don ku sami sauƙin fahimtar wasu sabbin abubuwa game da Apache waɗanda ba za ku taɓa sanin su ba.

Kafin ka karanta wannan labarin, Muna ba ku shawara sosai don kada ku yi ƙoƙari ku haddace amsoshin, ko da yaushe ku fara ƙoƙarin fahimtar al'amuran a kan mahimmanci.

 rpm -qa | grep httpd

httpd-devel-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
 httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix)
Server built:   Aug 13 2013 17:27:11
 netstat -antp | grep http

tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd          
tcp        0      0 :::443                      :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd
 yum install httpd
 apt-get install apache2
 cd /etc/httpd/
 ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 24 21:44 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 25 02:09 conf.d
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   27 Oct 13 19:06 modules -> ../../usr/lib/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 run -> ../../var/run/httpd
 cd /etc/apache2
 ls -l
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7113 Jul 24 16:15 apache2.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:45 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1782 Jul 21 02:14 envvars
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31063 Jul 21 02:14 magic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 16 11:48 mods-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 mods-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   315 Jul 21 02:14 ports.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 sites-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec  6 00:04 sites-enabled

7. Shin za a iya kiyaye Apache tare da kunsa na TCP?

A ce kuna da IP da yawa da aka sanya wa injin Linux ɗin ku kuma kuna son Apache ya karɓi buƙatun HTTP akan tashar Ethernet ta musamman ko Interface, har ma ana iya yin hakan tare da umarnin Saurari.

Don canza tsohuwar tashar tashar Apache, da fatan za a buɗe babban fayil ɗin sanyi na Apache httpd.conf ko fayil apache2.conf tare da editan VI.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

 vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Nemo kalmar “Saurara”, sharhi ainihin layin kuma rubuta umarnin kanku a ƙasan layin.

# Listen 80
Listen 8080

OR

Listen 172.16.16.1:8080

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma sake kunna sabar gidan yanar gizo.

 service httpd restart

 service apache2 restart

Don amfani da umarnin Alias, Bangaren mod_alias module na Apache. Tsohuwar ma'anar umarnin Alias shine:

Alias /images /var/data/images/

Anan a cikin misali na sama, /images url prefix zuwa /var/data/images prefix wanda ke nufin abokan ciniki za su yi tambaya don http://www.example.com/images/sample-image.png kuma Apache zai karɓi \\ sample-image.png fayil daga /var/data/images/sample-image.png akan sabar. Ana kuma san shi da URL Mapping.

Saitin tsoho na DirectoryIndex shine .html index.html index.php, idan kuna da sunaye daban-daban na fayil ɗinku na farko, kuna buƙatar yin canje-canje a cikin httpd.conf ko apache2.conf don ƙimar DirectoryIndex don nuna hakan ga mai binciken abokin ciniki.

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-
# negotiated documents.  The MultiViews Option can be used for the
# same purpose, but it is much slower.
#
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.cgi .exe

Don dakatar da jeri na kundin adireshi na Apache, zaku iya saita doka mai zuwa a cikin babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa a duniya ko a cikin fayil .htaccess don wani gidan yanar gizo.

<Directory /var/www/html>
   Options -Indexes
</Directory>

Kuna da 'yanci don ƙara adadin umarni da kuke buƙata don yankinku, amma ƙananan shigarwar biyu don gidan yanar gizon aiki shine Sunan Server da DocumentRoot. Yawancin lokaci muna ayyana sashin Mai watsa shiri na mu a kasan fayil ɗin httpd.conf a cikin injunan Linux.

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin webmaste[email 
   DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com
   ServerName dummy-host.example.com
   ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
   CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

  1. ServerAdmin : Yawancin lokaci adireshin imel na mai gidan yanar gizon, inda za a iya aika kuskure ko sanarwa.
  2. Root : wurin da fayilolin yanar gizon suke a cikin uwar garken (Wajibi).
  3. Server Name : Shi ne sunan yankin da kake son samun dama daga mai binciken gidan yanar gizon ku (Wajibi ne).
  4. ErrorLog : Wurin wurin fayil ɗin log ne inda ake yin rikodin duk bayanan da ke da alaƙa.

    Ana amfani da
  1. don saita abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da URL/sandar adireshin sabar gidan yanar gizo.
  2. yana nufin wurin abin tsarin fayil akan sabar

Don ƙarin bayani, karanta kan Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Suna/IP tushen Mai Runduna Mai Kyau a Apache.

    Bambanci na asali tsakanin Ma'aikaci da MPM shine a cikin tsarin su na haifar da tsarin yara. A cikin Prefork MPM, an fara babban tsari httpd kuma wannan babban tsari yana farawa yana sarrafa duk sauran matakan yara don biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki. Ganin cewa, A cikin ma'aikacin MPM tsarin httpd ɗaya yana aiki, kuma yana amfani da zaren daban-daban don biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki.
  1. Prefork MPM yana amfani da matakan yara da yawa tare da zaren guda ɗaya kowanne, inda MPM ma'aikaci ke amfani da matakan yara da yawa tare da zaren da yawa kowanne.
  2. Haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin Prefork MPM, kowane tsari yana ɗaukar haɗi ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya, yayin da a cikin Ma'aikaci mpm kowane zaren yana ɗaukar haɗi ɗaya lokaci ɗaya.
  3. Sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Prefork MPM Manyan sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, inda Ma'aikaci ke da ƙananan sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Misali: Ina so in sanya iyakoki na 100000 Bytes a cikin babban fayil /var/www/html/tecmin/uploads. Don haka, kuna buƙatar ƙara umarni mai zuwa a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi na Apache.

<Directory "/var/www/html/tecmint/uploads">
LimitRequestBody 100000
</Directory>

  1. mod_perl wani nau'in Apache ne wanda aka haɗa shi tare da Apache don haɗawa cikin sauƙi da haɓaka aikin rubutun Perl.
  2. mod_php ana amfani da shi don sauƙin haɗa rubutun PHP ta sabar gidan yanar gizo, yana shigar da fassarar PHP cikin tsarin Apache. Yana tilasta aiwatar da yaran Apache don yin amfani da ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma yana aiki tare da Apache kawai amma har yanzu shahararru.

Don ƙarin bayani, karanta labarin da ke jagorantar ku yadda ake shigarwa da daidaita mod_evasive a cikin Apache.

Duk lokacin da buƙatun https ya zo, waɗannan matakai uku Apache suna bi:

  1. Apache yana samar da maɓalli na sirri kuma yana canza wannan maɓalli na sirri zuwa fayil ɗin .CSR (buƙatun sa hannu na takaddun shaida).
  2. Sai Apache ya aika fayil ɗin .csr zuwa CA (Hukumar Takaddun Shaida).
  3. CA za ta ɗauki fayil ɗin .csr kuma ya canza shi zuwa .crt (takaddun shaida) kuma zai aika wancan fayil ɗin .crt zuwa Apache don kiyayewa da kammala buƙatar haɗin https.

Waɗannan su ne mafi shaharar tambayoyi guda 25 da Masu Tambayoyi suke yi a kwanakin nan, don Allah a ba da wasu ƙarin tambayoyin tambayoyin da kuka fuskanta a cikin hirarku ta baya-bayan nan kuma ku taimaka wa wasu ta sashin sharhinmu na ƙasa.

Muna kuma ba ku shawarar karanta labaran mu na baya akan Apache.

  1. 13 Tsaro na Sabar Yanar Sadarwar Yanar Gizo na Apache da Tukwici masu ƙarfi
  2. Yadda ake Daidaita Sabar Yanar Gizo/Shafukan Yanar Gizo na Apache Biyu Ta Amfani da Rsync

Hakanan, muna alfaharin sanar da cewa an riga an ƙaddamar da sigar mu ta Beta ta Tambaya/Amsa sashen Tambaya na TecMint. Idan kuna da tambayoyi akan kowane batutuwa na Linux. Da fatan za a kasance tare da mu kuma ku aika tambayoyinku/queries a https://linux-console.net/ask/.

Zan fito da wasu ƙarin tambayoyin Tambayoyi akan DNS, Sabar Mail, PHP da sauransu a cikin labaranmu na gaba, har sai ku tsaya Geeky kuma ku haɗa zuwa TecMint.com.