Apache Virtual Hosting: IP Based and Name Based Virtual Run Rund a RHEL/CentOS/Fedora


Kamar yadda muka sani cewa Apache yana da ƙarfi sosai, mai sassauƙa kuma mai daidaita sabar gidan yanar gizo don Nix OS. Anan a cikin wannan koyawa, za mu tattauna ƙarin fasali guda ɗaya na Apache wanda ke ba mu damar ɗaukar rukunin yanar gizon fiye da ɗaya akan injin Linux guda ɗaya. Aiwatar da sabar yanar gizo ta Apache na iya taimaka muku don adana kuɗin da kuke saka hannun jari akan kula da sabar ku da gudanarwarsu.

Tunanin Rarraba gidan yanar gizon yanar gizo da mai siyarwar gidan yanar gizon yana dogara ne akan wannan wurin na Apache kawai.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan tallan kayan aiki guda biyu suna samuwa tare da Apache.

Tare da sunan da aka yi amfani da su na kama-da-wane, zaku iya karbar bakuncin yankuna/shafukan yanar gizo da yawa akan na'ura guda tare da IP guda ɗaya. Duk wuraren da ke kan wannan uwar garken za su kasance suna raba IP guda ɗaya. Ya fi sauƙi don daidaitawa fiye da tushen tushen IP, kawai kuna buƙatar saita DNS na yankin don taswira shi tare da daidai adireshin IP ɗin sa'an nan kuma saita Apache don gane shi tare da sunayen yankin.

Tare da haɗin gwiwar IP na tushen IP, zaku iya sanya keɓantaccen IP don kowane yanki akan sabar guda ɗaya, ana iya haɗa waɗannan IP ɗin zuwa uwar garken tare da katunan NIC guda ɗaya da kuma NICs da yawa.

Bari mu saita Suna Based Virtual Hosting da IP tushen Virtual hosting a cikin RHEL, CentOS da Fedora.

  1. OS – CentOS 6.5
  2. Aikace-aikacen – Sabar Yanar Gizo ta Apache
  3. Adireshin IP - 192.168.0.100 Adireshin IP - 192.168.0.101
  4. Yanki - www.example1.com
  5. Yanki - www.example2.com

Yadda ake Saita tushen IP da Sunan Mai watsa shiri na Apache Virtual

Kafin kafa rumbun kwamfyuta tare da Apache, dole ne tsarin ku ya shigar da software na Yanar Gizo na Apache. idan ba haka ba, shigar da shi ta amfani da tsoho mai sakawa mai suna yum.

 yum install httpd

Amma, kafin ƙirƙirar mai masaukin baki, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi inda zaku adana duk fayilolin gidan yanar gizon ku. Don haka, ƙirƙiri kundayen adireshi don waɗannan runduna masu kama-da-wane biyu a ƙarƙashin /var/www/html babban fayil. Da fatan za a tuna /var/www/html zai zama Tushen Tushen Tushen ku a cikin tsarin kama-da-wane na Apache.

 mkdir /var/www/html/example1.com/
 mkdir /var/www/html/example2.com/

Don saita sunan da aka kafa na kama-da-wane dole ne ka gaya wa Apache wacce IP za ku yi amfani da ita don karɓar buƙatun Apache na duk gidajen yanar gizo ko sunayen yanki. Za mu iya yin wannan tare da umarnin NameVirtualHost. Buɗe babban fayil ɗin sanyi na Apache tare da editan VI.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Nemo NameVirtualHost kuma ba da amsa wannan layin ta hanyar cire alamar # a gabansa.

NameVirtualHost

Na gaba ƙara IP tare da yiwuwar wanda kuke son karɓar buƙatun Apache. Bayan canje-canje, fayil ɗinku yakamata yayi kama da wannan:

NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80

Yanzu, lokaci yayi da za a saita sassan runduna na Virtual don yankunan ku, matsa zuwa kasan fayil ɗin ta latsa Shift + G.

  1. www.example1.com
  2. www.example2.com

Ƙara umarni guda biyu masu zuwa a kasan fayil ɗin. Ajiye kuma rufe fayil ɗin.

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example1.com
    ServerName www.example1.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example1.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.example1.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example2.com
    ServerName www.example2.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example2.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.example2.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

Kuna da 'yanci don ƙara umarni da yawa da kuke son ƙarawa a cikin yankin ku na mai masaukin baki. Lokacin da aka gama da canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin httpd.conf, da fatan za a duba tsarin haɗin fayiloli tare da bin umarni.

 httpd -t

Syntax OK

Ana ba da shawarar duba tsarin haɗin fayil ɗin bayan yin wasu canje-canje kuma kafin sake kunna sabar gidan yanar gizo saboda idan duk wani rubutun da aka yi ba daidai ba Apache zai ƙi yin aiki tare da wasu kurakurai kuma a ƙarshe ya shafi sabar gidan yanar gizon ku na ɗan lokaci. Idan syntax yayi kyau. Da fatan za a sake kunna sabar gidan yanar gizon ku kuma ƙara shi zuwa chkconfig don sa sabar gidan yanar gizon ku ta fara a runlevel 3 da 5 a lokacin taya kawai.

 service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
 chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri shafin gwaji da ake kira index.html ƙara wasu abun ciki a cikin fayil ɗin don haka za mu sami abin da za mu bincika, lokacin da IP ta kira mai watsa shiri mai kama-da-wane.

 vi /var/www/html/example1.com/index.html
<html>
  <head>
    <title>www.example1.com</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, Welcome to www.example1.com.</h1>
  </body>
</html>
 vi /var/www/html/example2.com/index.html
<html>
  <head>
    <title>www.example2.com</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, Welcome to www.example2.com.</h1>
  </body>
</html>

Da zarar kun gama da shi, zaku iya gwada saitin ta hanyar samun dama ga duka wuraren a cikin mai bincike.

http://www.example1.com
http://www.example2.com

Don saitin rumbun kwamfyuta na tushen IP, dole ne ku sami adireshin IP/Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa fiye da ɗaya da aka sanya wa sabar ku ko injin Linux ɗin ku.

Yana iya zama akan katin NIC guda ɗaya, Misali: eth0:1, eth0:2, eth0:3… da sauransu. Hakanan ana iya haɗa katunan NIC da yawa. Idan baku san yadda ake ƙirƙirar IP da yawa akan NIC guda ɗaya ba, bi jagorar da ke ƙasa, wanda zai taimaka muku wajen ƙirƙirar.

  1. Ƙirƙirar adiresoshin IP da yawa zuwa Interface Guda Guda ɗaya

Manufar aiwatar da tushen IP na kama-da-wane hosting shine sanya aiwatarwa ga kowane yanki kuma wannan takamaiman IP ɗin ba zai yi amfani da kowane yanki ba.

Irin wannan saitin da ake buƙata lokacin da gidan yanar gizon ke gudana tare da takardar shaidar SSL (mod_ssl) ko akan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da IP daban-daban. Hakanan zaka iya gudanar da misalai da yawa na Apache akan injin guda ɗaya. Don bincika IPs ɗin da aka haɗe a cikin uwar garken ku, da fatan za a bincika ta amfani da umarnin ifconfig.

[email  ~]# ifconfig
 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:4C:EB:CE  
          inet addr:192.168.0.100  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:ebce/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:17550 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:15120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:16565983 (15.7 MiB)  TX bytes:2409604 (2.2 MiB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:4C:EB:CE  
          inet addr:192.168.0.101  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1775 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1775 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:3416104 (3.2 MiB)  TX bytes:3416104 (3.2 MiB)

Kamar yadda kuke gani a sama fitarwa, IPs guda biyu 192.168.0.100 (eth0) da 192.168.0.101 (eth0:1) an haɗa su zuwa uwar garken, duka IPs an sanya su zuwa na'urar cibiyar sadarwar jiki ɗaya (eth0).

Yanzu, sanya takamaiman IP/Port don karɓar buƙatun http, zaku iya yin ta kawai ta canza umarnin Saurari a cikin fayil ɗin httpd.conf.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Nemo kalmar Saurara, Za ka sami wani yanki inda aka rubuta gajeren bayanin game da umarnin Ji.

# Listen 80

Listen 192.168.0.100:80

Yanzu,  ƙirƙiri sassan runduna ta Virtual don duka wuraren. Je zuwa kasan fayil ɗin kuma ƙara umarnin kama-da-wane masu zuwa.

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example1
    ServerName www.example1.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example1.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/www.example1.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.101:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example2
    ServerName www.example2.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example2.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/www.example2.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

Yanzu, tunda kun canza babban fayil ɗin Apache conf, kuna buƙatar sake kunna sabis ɗin http kamar ƙasa.

 service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Gwada saitin baje-koli na tushen IP ta hanyar samun dama ga URLs akan burauzar gidan yanar gizo kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

http://www.example1.com
http://www.example2.com

Wannan duka tare da mai watsa shiri na Apache a yau, Idan kuna neman tabbatarwa da taurare tsarin Apache ɗinku, sannan karanta labarinmu wanda ke jagorantar.

  1. 13 Tsaro na Sabar Yanar Sadarwar Yanar Gizo na Apache da Tukwici masu ƙarfi

Rubutun Magana

Takardun Mai watsa shiri na Apache

Zan sake zuwa tare da wasu nasiha da dabaru na Apache a cikin labarai na na gaba, har zuwa lokacin Stay Geeky kuma a haɗa su zuwa linux-console.net. Kar ku manta da barin shawarwarinku game da labarin a cikin sashin sharhinmu da ke ƙasa.