10 Ƙananan Sanann Dokoki don Linux - Kashi na 3


An cika da martanin kasidu biyu na ƙarshe na jerin ''Ƙaramar Sanin Linux Labari'' wato.

  1. 11 Karamin Sanin Dokokin Linux Masu Amfani - Sashe na I
  2. 10 Karancin Sanin Dokokin Linux - Kashi na 2
  3. 10 Ƙananan Sanantattun Dokokin Linux - Sashe na IV
  4. 10 Karamin Sanin Dokokin Linux Masu Amfani - Sashe na V

Mun fito da labarin na uku na wannan silsilar wanda ya haɗa da wasu ƙananan sanannun umarnin Linux, wanda ya cancanci sani. Wataƙila kun riga kun san waɗannan umarni, babu shakka kai gogaggen mai amfani da Linux ne kuma yana son bincike.

22. ^fo^bar Umurni

Gudun umarni na ƙarshe tare da gyarawa, a cikin misali guda. A ce ina buƙatar gudanar da umarni 'ls -l' don dogon jerin abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi faɗi 'Desktop'. Ba zato ba tsammani, kuna rubuta 'lls-l'. Don haka yanzu za ku sake rubuta dukkan umarnin ko gyara umarnin da ya gabata ta amfani da maɓallin kewayawa. Wannan yana da zafi idan umarnin ya yi tsawo.

[email :~/Desktop$ lls -l 

bash: lls: command not found
[email :~/Desktop$ ^lls^ls 

ls -l 
total 7489440 

drwxr-xr-x 2 avi  avi       36864 Nov 13  2012 101MSDCF 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi      206833 Nov  5 15:27 1.jpg 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi      158951 Nov  5 15:27 2.jpg 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi       90624 Nov  5 12:59 Untitled 1.doc

Lura: A cikin maye gurbin da ke sama mun yi amfani da \^typo(wanda za a maye gurbinsa)^oginal_command Wannan umarnin yana iya zama haɗari sosai idan da gangan ko rashin sani ka maye gurbin buga rubutu da tsarin tsarin ko wani abu mai haɗari ka ce rm -rf.

23. > file.txt Umurnin

Wannan umarnin yana jan abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ba tare da buƙatar cirewa da ƙirƙirar fayil iri ɗaya ba. Wannan umarnin yana da amfani sosai a cikin yaren rubutun lokacin da muke buƙatar fitarwa ko shiga cikin fayil iri ɗaya akai-akai.

Ina da fayil a ce 'test.txt' akan 'Desktop' tare da rubutu da yawa.

[email :~/Desktop$ cat test.txt 

Linux 
GNU 
Debian 
Fedora 
kali 
ubuntu 
git 
Linus 
Torvalds
[email :~/Desktop$ > test.txt 
[email :~/Desktop$ cat test.txt

Lura: Bugu da ƙari, wannan umarni na iya zama haɗari, kar a taɓa ƙoƙarin zubar da abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin tsarin ko fayil ɗin sanyi. Idan kun yi haka, za ku shiga cikin matsala mai tsanani.

24. a Umurni

Umurnin 'at' yayi kama da umarnin cron kuma ana iya amfani dashi don tsara aiki ko umarni don gudana a ƙayyadadden lokaci.

[email :~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 14:012

OR

[email :~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 2:12 PM
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi      220492 Nov  1 13:49 Screenshot-1.png 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root        358 Oct 17 10:11 sources.list 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi  4695982080 Oct 10 20:29 squeeze.iso 
..
..
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi       90624 Nov  5 12:59 Untitled 1.doc 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi       96206 Nov  5 12:56 Untitled 1.odt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi  avi        9405 Nov 12 23:22 Untitled.png

Lura: echo \ls -l : Wannan sigar echo's umurnin (a nan ls -l) akan daidaitaccen tashar. Kuna iya maye gurbin 'ls -l' tare da kowane umarni na buƙatu da zaɓinku.

> : redirects the output

The /dev/pts/0 : Wannan ita ce na'urar fitarwa da/ko fayil, inda ake neman fitarwa, a nan abin da ake fitarwa yana a tashar.

A cikin yanayina, tty na yana a /dev/pts/0, a lokacin. Kuna iya bincika tty ta hanyar gudu umurnin tty.

[email :~/Desktop$ tty 

/dev/pts/0

Lura: Umurnin 'at' yana aiwatar da aikin da zarar agogon tsarin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadadden lokacin.

25. du -h –max-depth=1 Umurni

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana fitar da girman manyan manyan fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, a cikin tsarin ɗan adam wanda za'a iya karantawa.

[email :/home/avi/Desktop# du -h --max-depth=1 

38M	./test 
1.1G	./shivji 
42M	./drupal 
6.9G	./101MSDCF 
16G	.

Lura: Umurnin da ke sama na iya zama da amfani sosai wajen duba amfani da faifai na tsarin.

26. expr Umurnin

Umurnin 'expr' ba shine mafi ƙarancin sanannun umarnin ba. Wannan umarni yana da matukar amfani wajen aiwatar da lissafin lissafi mai sauƙi a cikin tasha.

[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 2 + 3 
5
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 6 – 3 
3
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 12 / 3 
4
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 2 \* 9 
18

27. duba Umurni

Bincika kalmomi daga ƙamus na Turanci idan akwai rudani, daga tashar kanta. Viz., Na ɗan ruɗe idan rubutun ya kasance mai ɗaukar hoto ko mai ɗaukar hoto.

[email :/home/avi/Documents# look car 

Cara 
Cara's 
…
... 
carps 
carpus 
carpus's 
carrel 
carrel's 
carrels 
carriage 
carriage's 
carriages 
carriageway 
carriageway's 
carried 
carrier 
carrier's 
carriers 
carries 
…
... 
caryatids

Umurnin da ke sama ya nuna duk kalmomin daga ƙamus da suka fara da kirtani 'mota'. Na sami abin da nake nema.

28. i Umarni

Wani umarni wanda ba a yi amfani da shi akai-akai akai-akai, na yau da kullun amma yana da matukar fa'ida a cikin yaren rubutu da kuma masu gudanar da tsarin.

Wannan umarnin yana ci gaba da buga wani kirtani da aka bayar, har sai kun ba da umarnin katsewa.

[email :~/Desktop$ yes "Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to" 

Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
…
…
...
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to 
Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to

29. Factor Command

Umurnin mahimmanci shine ainihin umarni na tushen lissafi. Wannan umarnin yana fitar da duk abubuwan da aka ba da lamba.

[email :~/Desktop$ factor 22 
22: 2 11
[email :~/Desktop$ factor 21 
21: 3 7
[email :~/Desktop$ factor 11 
11: 11

30. ping-i 60 -a IP_address

Dukkanmu muna amfani da umarnin ping don bincika uwar garken yana raye ko a'a. Kuma yawanci ina ping google, don duba ko an haɗa ni da intanet ko a'a.

Wani lokaci yana da ban haushi, lokacin da kuke jira kuma ku ci gaba da kallon tashar ku don samun amsar umarnin ping ko ce, jira sabar don haɗawa.

Yaya game da sauti mai ji da zarar uwar garken ya zo kai tsaye.

[email :~/Desktop$ ping -i 60 -a www.google.com 

PING www.google.com (74.125.200.103) 56(84) bytes of data. 
64 bytes from www.google.com (74.125.200.103): icmp_req=1 ttl=44 time=105 ms 
64 bytes from 74.125.200.103: icmp_req=2 ttl=44 time=281 ms

Bari in gaya muku abu ɗaya, kafin ku bayar da rahoton cewa umarnin bai dawo da wani sauti mai ji ba. Tabbatar cewa sautin tsarin ku ba bebe bane, dole ne a kunna jigon sauti a cikin 'zaɓin sauti' kuma a tabbata 'Kuna kunna sautin taga da taga' an duba.

31. tac Umarni

Wannan umarni yana da ban sha'awa sosai wanda ke buga abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin rubutu a juzu'i, watau, daga layin ƙarshe zuwa layin farko.

Ina da fayil ɗin rubutu 35.txt a cikin kundin adireshi na Takardu, ƙarƙashin babban fayil ɗin gida. Duba abun ciki ta amfani da umarnin cat.

[email :~/Documents$ cat 35.txt
1. Linux is built with certain powerful tools, which are unavailable in windows. 

2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart. 

3.Shell scripting/programming makes it possible to execute command(s), piped to get desired output in order to automate day-to-day usages.

Yanzu juya abun cikin fayil ta amfani da umarnin tac.

[email :~/Documents$ tac 35.txt
3.Shell scripting/programming makes it possible to execute command(s), piped to get desired output in order to automate day-to-day usages. 

2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart. 

1. Linux is built with certain powerful tools, which are unavailable in windows.

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Idan kuna sane da wasu ƙananan sanannun dokokin Linux, kuna iya yin sharhi, don mu haɗa waɗanda a cikin labaranmu na gaba.

Kar ku manta da samar mana da bayanin ku mai kima. Zan zo da wani labarin mai ban sha'awa, ba da daɗewa ba. Har sai a saurara kuma ku haɗa zuwa Tecment.