Fahimtar APT, APT-Cache da Dokokin Amfani da Su akai-akai

Idan kun taɓa amfani da Debian ko Debian tushen rarraba kamar Ubuntu ko Linux Mint, to dama shine kun yi amfani da tsarin fakitin APT don shigarwa ko cire software. Ko da ba ka taɓa yin la'akari da layin umarni ba, tsarin da ke ba da ikon sarrafa fakitin GUI shine tsarin APT.

A yau, za mu dubi wasu sanannun umarni, kuma mu nutse cikin wasu ƙananan umarnin APT da ake amfani da su akai-akai, da kuma ba da haske kan wannan tsarin da aka tsara.

Menene APT?

APT tana nufin Babban Kunshin Kayan aiki. An fara ganin shi a cikin Debian 2.1 a baya a cikin 1999. Ainihin, APT shine tsarin gudanarwa don kunshin dpkg, kamar yadda aka gani tare da tsawo * .deb. An tsara shi don ba kawai sarrafa fakiti da sabuntawa ba, amma don magance yawancin abubuwan dogaro yayin shigar da wasu fakiti.

Kamar yadda duk wanda ke amfani da Linux a cikin waɗannan kwanakin majagaba, duk mun saba da kalmar \Jahannama ta dogara lokacin ƙoƙarin tattara wani abu daga tushe, ko ma lokacin mu'amala da adadin fayilolin RPM na Red Hat.

APT ta warware duk waɗannan batutuwan dogaro ta atomatik, suna sanya kowane fakitin, ba tare da la'akari da girman ko adadin abin dogaro umarnin layi ɗaya ba. Ga wadanda daga cikinmu da suka yi aiki na sa'o'i a kan waɗannan ayyuka, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin lokacin rana na raba gajimare a rayuwarmu ta Linux!

Fahimtar Kanfigareshan APT

Wannan fayil na farko da za mu duba ɗaya ne daga cikin fayilolin sanyi na APT.

$ sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main

deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main

deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe

Kamar yadda ƙila za ku iya cirewa daga fayil ɗin jerin abubuwan asali na, Ina amfani da Ubuntu 12.04 (Pangolin daidai). Ina kuma amfani da wuraren ajiya guda uku:

  1. Babban Ma'ajiyar Wuta
  2. Ma'ajiyar sararin samaniya
  3. Tsarin Tsaro na Ubuntu

Rubutun wannan fayil ɗin yana da sauƙi:

deb (url) release repository

Layin rakiyar shine ma'ajin fayil ɗin tushen. Yana bi irin wannan tsari:

deb-src (url) release repository

Wannan fayil ɗin kyakkyawa ne kawai abin da za ku taɓa yin gyara ta amfani da APT, kuma dama ita ce rashin daidaituwa za ta sabar ku da kyau kuma ba za ku taɓa buƙatar gyara shi kwata-kwata ba.

Koyaya, akwai lokutan da zaku so ƙara ma'ajiyar ɓangare na uku. Za ku sauƙaƙe shigar da su ta amfani da tsari iri ɗaya, sannan ku gudanar da umarnin sabuntawa:

$ sudo apt-get update

NOTE: Yi hankali sosai don ƙara ma'ajiyar ɓangare na uku !!! Ƙara kawai daga amintattun tushe da sanannun tushe. Haɓaka ma'ajin ajiya ko haɗawa da sakewa na iya dagula tsarin ku sosai!

Mun duba fayil ɗin mu Source.list kuma yanzu mun san yadda ake sabunta shi, to menene na gaba? Bari mu shigar da wasu fakiti. Bari mu ce muna gudanar da sabar kuma muna son shigar da WordPress. Da farko bari mu nemo kunshin:

$ sudo apt-cache search wordpress
blogilo - graphical blogging client
drivel - Blogging client for the GNOME desktop
drupal6-mod-views - views modules for Drupal 6
drupal6-thm-arthemia - arthemia theme for Drupal 6
gnome-blog - GNOME application to post to weblog entries
lekhonee-gnome - desktop client for wordpress blogs
libmarkdown-php - PHP library for rendering Markdown data
qtm - Web-log interface program
tomboy-blogposter - Tomboy add-in for posting notes to a blog
wordpress - weblog manager
wordpress-l10n - weblog manager - language files
wordpress-openid - OpenID plugin for WordPress
wordpress-shibboleth - Shibboleth plugin for WordPress
wordpress-xrds-simple - XRDS-Simple plugin for WordPress
zine - Python powered blog engine

Menene APT-Cache?

Apt-cache umarni ne wanda kawai ke tambayar cache APT. Mun wuce ma'aunin bincike zuwa gare shi, yana mai cewa, a fili, muna son bincikar APT. Kamar yadda muke iya gani a sama, neman \wordpress ya dawo da adadin fakitin da ke da alaƙa da zaren bincike tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin kowane fakitin.

Daga wannan, muna ganin babban kunshin \wordpress - manajan gidan yanar gizon, kuma muna son shigar da shi. Amma ba zai yi kyau mu ga ainihin abin da za a shigar da abubuwan dogaro da shi ba? APT na iya gaya mana hakan. haka kuma:

$ sudo apt-cache showpkg wordpress
Versions:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_binary-amd64_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
                  MD5: 3558d680fa97c6a3f32c5c5e9f4a182a
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: 3558d680fa97c6a3f32c5c5e9f4a182a

Reverse Depends:
  wordpress-xrds-simple,wordpress
  wordpress-shibboleth,wordpress 2.8
  wordpress-openid,wordpress
  wordpress-l10n,wordpress 2.8.4-2
Dependencies:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 - libjs-cropper (2 1.2.1) libjs-prototype (2 1.7.0) libjs-scriptaculous (2 1.9.0) libphp-phpmailer (2 5.1) libphp-simplepie (2 1.2) libphp-snoopy (2 1.2.4) tinymce (2 3.4.3.2+dfsg0) apache2 (16 (null)) httpd (0 (null)) mysql-client (0 (null)) libapache2-mod-php5 (16 (null)) php5 (0 (null)) php5-mysql (0 (null)) php5-gd (0 (null)) mysql-server (2 5.0.15) wordpress-l10n (0 (null))
Provides:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 -
Reverse Provides:

Wannan yana nuna mana cewa wordpress 3.3.1 ita ce sigar da za a girka, ma’adanar da za a shigar da ita, tana jujjuya abin dogaro, da sauran fakitin da ta dogara da su, da lambobin sigar su.

NOTE: (null yana nufin cewa ba a fayyace sigar ba, kuma za a shigar da sabon sigar a ma'ajiyar.)

Yanzu, ainihin umarnin shigarwa:

$ sudo apt-get install wordpress

Wannan umarnin zai shigar da WordPress-3.3.1 da duk abubuwan dogaro waɗanda ba a shigar dasu a halin yanzu ba.

Tabbas, wannan ba shine kawai za ku iya yi da APT ba. Wasu wasu umarni masu amfani sune kamar haka:

NOTE: Yana da kyau al'ada don gudanar da apt-samun sabuntawa kafin gudanar da kowane jerin umarnin APT. Ka tuna, dacewa-samun sabuntawa yana rarraba fayil ɗin /etc/apt/sources.list ɗinka kuma yana sabunta bayanan sa.

Cire fakitin yana da sauƙi kamar shigar da kunshin:

$ sudo apt-get remove wordpress

Abin takaici, apt-samun cire umarnin ya bar duk fayilolin daidaitawa ba daidai ba. Don cire waɗancan suma, kuna son amfani da tsaftataccen-samu:

$ sudo apt-get purge wordpress

A kowane lokaci, kuna iya fuskantar yanayin da ke da karye masu dogaro. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa lokacin da ba ku gudanar da sabuntawa da dacewa da kyau, sarrafa bayanan. Abin farin ciki, APT yana da gyara don shi:

$ sudo apt-get –f install

Tun lokacin da APT ke zazzage duk fayilolin * .deb daga ma'ajin dama zuwa injin ku (yana adana su a /var/cache/apt/archives) kuna iya cire su lokaci-lokaci don yantar da sarari diski:

$ sudo apt-get clean

Wannan ƙaramin juzu'i ne na APT, APT-Cache da wasu umarni masu amfani. Har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa don koyo da kuma bincika wasu ƙarin ƙarin umarni a labarin ƙasa.

  1. 25 Dokoki masu amfani da ci gaba na APT-GET da APT-CACHE

Kamar koyaushe, don Allah a duba shafukan mutum don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka. Da zarar mutum ya sami masaniya da APT, yana yiwuwa a rubuta rubutun Cron masu ban mamaki don ci gaba da sabunta tsarin.