Shigar Apache, MySQL 8 ko MariaDB 10 da PHP 7 akan CentOS 7


Wannan yadda za a jagoranta ya bayyana yadda ake shigar da sabon sigar Apache, MySQL 8 ko MariaDB 10 da PHP 7 tare da samfuran PHP da ake buƙata akan RHEL/CentOS 7/6 da Fedora 24-29.

Wannan haɗin tsarin aiki (Linux) tare da sabar gidan yanar gizo (Apache), uwar garken bayanai (MariaDB/MySQL) da harshen rubutun gefen uwar garken (PHP) ana kiransa da tarin LAMP.

Tun daga Satumba 2015, PHP 5.4 ba ta da goyon bayan ƙungiyar PHP kuma an kai ga ƙarshen rayuwa, har yanzu, jiragen ruwa na PHP 5.4 tare da RHEL/CentOS 7/6 tare da ƙananan canji kuma Red Hat yana goyan bayan shi, don haka haɓakawa zuwa mafi girma. sigar ba a buƙata. Koyaya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don haɓaka PHP 5.4 zuwa PHP 5.5+ don ƙarin tsaro da aiki.

Ga abin da jiragen ruwa na rarraba Linux na yanzu da:

Don yin wannan, za mu ba da damar ma'ajiyar EPEL da Remi da amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa fakitin da ke cikin Fedora).

Mataki 1: Sanya EPEL da Ma'ajiyar Remi

EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) tushen tushen al'umma yana ba da fakitin software don rarraba tushen Linux na RHEL.

Remi wurin ajiya ne inda zaku iya samun sabbin nau'ikan tari na PHP (cikakken fasali) don shigarwa a cikin rarrabawar Fedora da Enterprise Linux.

# yum update && yum install epel-release
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

------ For RHEL 7 Only ------
# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
# yum update && yum install epel-release
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

------ For RHEL 6 Only ------
# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-6-server-optional-rpms
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-29.rpm  [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-28.rpm  [On Fedora 28]
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-27.rpm  [On Fedora 27]
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-26.rpm  [On Fedora 26]
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-25.rpm  [On Fedora 25]
# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.remirepo.net/fedora/remi-release-24.rpm  [On Fedora 24]

Mataki 2: Shigar da Apache Web Server

Apache Sabar gidan yanar gizo ce ta HTTP Kyauta kuma Buɗewa wacce ke gudana akan yawancin tsarin aiki na UNIX da kuma akan Windows. Don haka, ana iya amfani da shi don yin hidima a tsaye a shafukan yanar gizo da kuma sarrafa abun ciki mai ƙarfi. Rahotanni na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa Apache ita ce uwar garken lamba daya da ake amfani da ita a cikin gidajen yanar gizo da kwamfutoci masu fuskantar Intanet.

Don shigar da sabar gidan yanar gizon Apache, fara sabunta fakitin software na tsarin kuma shigar da shi ta amfani da bin umarni.

# yum -y update
# yum install httpd

Da zarar an shigar da sabar gidan yanar gizo na Apache, zaku iya fara kunna shi don farawa ta atomatik a boot ɗin tsarin.

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd

Idan kuna gudana Firewalld, tabbatar da ba da izinin zirga-zirgar Apache akan Tacewar zaɓi.

# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
# firewall-cmd --reload

Mataki 3: Shigar da PHP Amfani da Remi Repository

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) Yare ne na Kyauta kuma Buɗewa Harshen rubutun gefen uwar garken wanda ya dace da ci gaban yanar gizo. Ana iya amfani da shi don samar da shafukan yanar gizo masu ƙarfi don gidan yanar gizon kuma ana samun su akai-akai a cikin sabar nix. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin PHP shine cewa yana da sauƙin cirewa ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan kayayyaki iri-iri.

Don shigar da PHP, da farko kuna buƙatar kunna wurin ajiyar Remi ta hanyar shigar da yum-utils, tarin shirye-shirye masu amfani don sarrafa ma'ajiyar yum da fakiti.

# yum install yum-utils

Da zarar an shigar, zaku iya amfani da yum-config-manager wanda yum-utils ke bayarwa don ba da damar ma'ajin Remi azaman tsohuwar ma'ajin don shigar da nau'ikan PHP daban-daban kamar yadda aka nuna.

Misali, don shigar da sigar PHP 7.x, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

------------- On CentOS & RHEL ------------- 
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php70 && yum install php       [Install PHP 7.0]
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php71 && yum install php       [Install PHP 7.1]
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php72 && yum install php       [Install PHP 7.2]
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php73 && yum install php       [Install PHP 7.3]

------------- On Fedora ------------- 
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install php70      [Install PHP 7.0]
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install php71      [Install PHP 7.1]
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install php72      [Install PHP 7.2]
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install php73      [Install PHP 7.3]

Na gaba, za mu shigar da duk waɗannan samfuran PHP masu zuwa a cikin wannan labarin. Kuna iya nemo ƙarin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da PHP (wataƙila don haɗa takamaiman ayyuka waɗanda aikace-aikacen yanar gizon ku ke buƙata) tare da umarni mai zuwa:

------ RHEL/CentOS 7/6------
# yum search all php     

------ Fedora ------
# dnf search all php   

Ba tare da la'akari da rarrabawar ba, umarnin da ke sama suna mayar da jerin fakitin a cikin wuraren da aka kunna a halin yanzu waɗanda suka haɗa kalmar php a cikin sunan fakiti da/ko bayanin.

Anan ga fakitin da za mu girka. Da fatan za a tuna cewa masu haɗin MySQL (PHP, Perl, Python, Java, da sauransu) za su yi aiki ba canzawa tare da MariaDB kamar yadda tsarin biyu ke amfani da ka'idar abokin ciniki iri ɗaya kuma ɗakunan karatu na abokin ciniki sun dace da binary.

  1. MariaDB/MySQL (php-mysql) - abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda zai ƙara tallafin MariaDB zuwa PHP.
  2. PostgreSQL (php-pgsql) - Tallafin bayanan bayanan PostgreSQL don PHP.
  3. MongoDB (php-pecl-mongo) - Ƙaddamarwa don sadarwa tare da bayanan MongoDB a cikin PHP.
  4. Generic (php-pdo) - Abu ne mai ƙarfi da aka raba wanda zai ƙara Layer abstraction na bayanai zuwa PHP.
  5. Memcache (php-pecl-memcache) - Memcached wani daemon ne mai ɓoyewa wanda aka ƙera musamman don aikace-aikacen yanar gizo masu ƙarfi don rage nauyin bayanai ta hanyar adana abubuwa cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
  6. Memcached (php-pecl-memcached) - Tsawaitawa da ke amfani da ɗakin karatu na libmemcached don samar da API don sadarwa tare da sabar da aka ɓoye.
  7. GD (php-gd) - Abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke ƙara goyan baya don amfani da ɗakin karatu na gd zuwa PHP.
  8. XML (php-xml) - Abubuwan da aka raba masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ƙara tallafi ga PHP don sarrafa takaddun XML.
  9. MBString (php-mbstring) - Tsari don sarrafa kirtani mai-byte da yawa a cikin aikace-aikacen PHP.
  10. MCrypt (php-mcrypt) - Laburaren Mcrypt don rubutun PHP.
  11. APC (php-pecl-apcu) – APC tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ingantawa da cache lambar PHP.
  12. CLI (php-cli) – Tsarin layin umarni don PHP.
  13. PEAR (php-pear) - Tsarin Ma'ajiyar Aikace-aikacen don PHP.

Shigar da waɗannan samfuran PHP masu mahimmanci tare da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

------ On RHEL/CentOS 7/6 ------
# yum --enablerepo=remi install php-mysqlnd php-pgsql php-pecl-mongo php-pdo php-pecl-memcache php-pecl-memcached php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear

------ On Fedora ------
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install php-mysqlnd php-pgsql php-pecl-mongo php-pdo php-pecl-memcache php-pecl-memcached php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear

Mataki 4: Shigar MySQL ko MariaDB Database

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu nuna muku shigarwa na duka bayanan MySQL da MariaDB, don haka ya rage gare ku abin da za ku zaɓa dangane da bukatunku.

MySQL yana ɗaya daga cikin mashahurin buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen tsarin sarrafa bayanai na duniya (RDBMS) wanda ke tafiyar da kowane uwar garken ta hanyar samar da dama ga masu amfani da yawa zuwa bayanan bayanai da yawa. MySQL yana aiki tare da Apache.

Don shigar da sabon sigar MySQL 8.0, za mu girka kuma mu ba da damar ma'ajiyar manhaja ta MySQL Yum ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

# rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm        [On RHEL/CentOS 7]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el6-1.noarch.rpm     [On RHEL/CentOS 6]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc29-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc28-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc27-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc26-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc25-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc24-1.noarch.rpm    [On Fedora 29]

Bayan shigar da ma'ajin software na MySQL Yum don dandalin Linux ɗinku, yanzu shigar da sabuwar sigar MySQL (a halin yanzu 8.0) ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# yum install mysql-community-server      [On RHEL/CentOS]
# dnf install mysql-community-server      [On Fedora]

Bayan nasarar shigarwa na MySQL, lokaci yayi da za a fara uwar garken MySQL tare da umarni mai zuwa.

# service mysqld start

Bincika labarin mu kan yadda ake amintaccen shigarwar bayanai na MySQL 8.

MariaDB cokali ne na sanannen MySQL, ɗayan mashahurin Tsarin Gudanar da Bayanan Bayanai (RDBMS) na duniya. Al'umma ce ta haɓaka ta gaba ɗaya kuma don haka ana nufin ta kasance FOSS kuma mai dacewa da GPL.

Idan kun kasance ko kun kasance, mai amfani na MySQL, ƙaura zuwa MariaDB zai zama tsari mai sauƙi: shahararrun umarni don haɗawa, wariyar ajiya da mayarwa, da sarrafa bayanan bayanai iri ɗaya ne a cikin RDBMSs guda biyu.

A cikin sabon rarraba RHEL/CentOS 7, MariaDB shine maye gurbin ajiya don MySQL kuma a cikin RHEL/CentOS 6 MySQL ya kasance iri ɗaya kuma ba a ba ku damar shigar da MariaDB akan RHEL/CentOS 6 daga wurin ajiyar tsoho ba, amma kuna iya shigar da MariaDB ta amfani da Ma'ajiyar hukuma ta MariaDB.

Don kunna ma'ajiyar MariaDB akan rabawa RHEL/CentOS 7, ƙirƙirar fayil mai suna /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo tare da abubuwan ciki masu zuwa:

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

Lura: Kamar yadda na fada a sama, zaku iya shigar da MariaDB akan RHEL/CentOS 6 ta amfani da ma'ajin MariaDB na hukuma kamar yadda aka fada a sama.

Bayan kunna maajiyar MariaDB, sannan yi:

------ On RHEL/CentOS 7 ------
# yum --enablerepo=remi install httpd MariaDB-client MariaDB-server

------ On Fedora ------
# dnf --enablerepo=remi install httpd MariaDB-client MariaDB-server

Mataki 5: Kunna/Fara Apache da MySQL/MariaDB

------ Enable Apache and MariaDB on Boot ------
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl enable mariadb

------ Start Apache and MariaDB ------
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl start mariadb
------ Enable Apache and MySQL on Boot ------
# chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on
# chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on

------ Start Apache and MySQL ------
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Mataki 6: Tabbatar da Shigar PHP

Bari mu tsaya tare da classic hanyar gwada PHP. Ƙirƙiri fayil mai suna test.php ƙarƙashin /var/www/html kuma ƙara waɗannan layukan lamba zuwa gare shi.

Aikin phpinfo() yana nuna ɗimbin bayanai game da shigarwar PHP na yanzu:

<?php
	phpinfo();
?>

Yanzu nuna mai binciken gidan yanar gizon ku zuwa http://[server]/test.php kuma duba kasancewar ingantattun kayayyaki da ƙarin software ta gungura ƙasa shafin (maye gurbin [uwar garken] tare da yankinku ko adireshin IP na sabar ku). Fitowar ku yakamata yayi kama da:

Taya murna! Yanzu kuna da sabon shigarwar aiki na tarin LAMP. Idan wani abu bai tafi kamar yadda ake tsammani ba, jin daɗin tuntuɓar mu ta amfani da fom ɗin da ke ƙasa. Hakanan ana maraba da tambayoyi da shawarwari.

Lura: Hakanan zaka iya shigar da MariaDB a cikin wasu rarraba ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar al'ada ta bin umarnin da aka bayar anan.