Misalin Umurnin allo 10 don Sarrafa Tashar Linux
allon shirin software ne mai cikakken allo wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ninka na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta jiki tsakanin matakai da yawa (yawanci harsashi masu mu'amala). Yana ba mai amfani damar buɗe misalan tasha daban-daban a cikin manajan taga tasha ɗaya.
[Za ku iya kuma son: Yadda ake amfani da 'Tmux Terminal' don samun dama ga Tashoshi da yawa a cikin Console guda ɗaya]
Aikace-aikacen allo yana da amfani sosai idan kuna mu'amala da shirye-shirye da yawa daga ƙirar layin umarni da kuma raba shirye-shirye daga harsashi na tasha. Hakanan yana ba ku damar raba zamanku tare da wasu masu amfani da ware/haɗa zaman tasha.
A kan Ɗabi'ar Sabar Ubuntu na, An shigar da allo ta tsohuwa. Amma, a cikin Linux Mint ba shi da allon shigar da tsoho, Ina buƙatar shigar da shi ta farko ta amfani da umarnin apt-samun kafin amfani da shi.
Da fatan za a bi tsarin shigarwa na rarraba don shigar da allon.
$ sudo apt-get install screen [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install screen [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a sys-apps/screen [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -S screen [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install screen [On OpenSUSE]
A zahiri, allon kyakkyawan shiri ne na multixer na ƙarshe a cikin Linux wanda ke ɓoye cikin ɗaruruwan umarnin Linux.
Bari mu fara ganin yadda ake amfani da umarnin allo a cikin Linux tare da misalai masu zuwa.
Fara allo a karon farko
Kawai rubuta allon a saurin umarni. Sa'an nan allon zai nuna wani dubawa daidai kamar yadda umarni da sauri.
[email ~ $ screen
Nuna Sigar allo
Lokacin da kuka shigar da allon, zaku iya yin duk aikinku kamar yadda kuke cikin yanayin layin umarni na yau da kullun. Amma tunda allon aikace-aikace ne, don haka yana da umarni ko sigogi.
Rubuta Ctrl-A da ? ba tare da ambato ba. Sannan zaku ga duk umarni ko sigogi akan allon.
Don fita daga allon taimako, zaku iya danna maɓallin \space-bar ko Shigar da.
Cire Zaman Tasha da Allon
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin allo wanda shine zaka iya cire shi. Sa'an nan, za ka iya mayar da shi ba tare da rasa wani abu da ka yi a kan allo. Ga samfurin yanayin:
Kuna tsakiyar SSH akan sabar ku. Bari mu ce kuna zazzage facin 400MB don tsarin ku ta amfani da umarnin wget.
[Za ku iya kuma son: Yadda ake Aminta da Harden OpenSSH Server]
An kiyasta tsarin zazzagewar zai ɗauki tsawon awanni 2. Idan ka cire haɗin zaman SSH, ko kuma ba zato ba tsammani haɗin ya ɓace ta hanyar haɗari, to tsarin saukewa zai tsaya. Dole ne ku sake farawa daga farko. Don guje wa hakan, za mu iya amfani da allo mu cire shi.
Dubi wannan umarni. Da farko, dole ne ka shigar da allon.
[email ~ $ screen
Sa'an nan za ka iya yi da download tsari. Misali akan Mint na Linux, Ina haɓaka fakiti na dpkg ta amfani da umarnin apt-samun.
[email ~ $ sudo apt-get install dpkg
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be upgraded: dpkg 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1146 not upgraded. Need to get 2,583 kB of archives. After this operation, 127 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://debian.linuxmint.com/latest/ testing/main dpkg i386 1.16.10 [2,583 kB] 47% [1 dpkg 1,625 kB/2,583 kB 47%] 14,7 kB/s
Lokacin zazzagewa yana ci gaba, zaku iya danna Ctrl-A da d. Ba za ku ga komai ba lokacin da kuka danna waɗannan maɓallan. Fitowar zata kasance kamar haka:
[detached from 5561.pts-0.mint] [email ~ $
Sake haɗa Zaman Tasha tare da Allon
Bayan kun cire allon, bari a ce kuna cire haɗin zaman ku na SSH kuma za ku koma gida. A cikin gidan ku, kun sake fara SSH zuwa uwar garken ku kuma kuna son ganin ci gaban aikin zazzage ku. Don yin haka, kuna buƙatar dawo da allon. Kuna iya gudanar da wannan umarni:
[email ~ $ screen -r
Kuma za ku ga cewa tsarin da kuka bari yana gudana.
Lokacin da kuke da fiye da zaman allo 1, kuna buƙatar buga ID ɗin zaman allo. Yi amfani da screen-ls don ganin yawan allon da ke akwai.
[email ~ $ screen -ls
[email ~ $ screen -ls
There are screens on:
7849.pts-0.mint (10/06/2021 01:50:45 PM) (Detached)
5561.pts-0.mint (10/06/2021 11:12:05 AM) (Detached)
2 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-pungkiIdan kana son mayar da allon 7849.pts-0.mint, sannan ka rubuta wannan umarni.
[email ~ $ screen -r 7849
Amfani da Maɓallin Maɓallin allo da yawa
Lokacin da kuke buƙatar fiye da allo 1 don yin aikinku, zai yiwu? Ee, haka ne. Kuna iya gudanar da manyan windows masu yawa a lokaci guda. Akwai hanyoyi guda 2 (biyu) don yin shi.
Da farko, zaku iya cire allon farko kuma kuyi wani allo akan ainihin tasha. Na biyu, kuna yin allon gida.
Canjawa Tsakanin Tashar Tashar allo
Lokacin da kuka yi allon gida, zaku iya canzawa tsakanin allo ta amfani da maɓallan Ctrl-A da n. Zai matsa zuwa allo na gaba. Lokacin da kake buƙatar zuwa allon baya, kawai danna Ctrl-A da p.
Don ƙirƙirar sabon taga allo, kawai danna Ctrl-A da c.
Kunna Shiga allo a Linux
Wani lokaci yana da mahimmanci don yin rikodin abin da kuka yi yayin da kuke cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo. Bari mu ce kai Mai Gudanarwa ne na Linux wanda ke sarrafa yawancin sabar Linux.
Tare da wannan shigar allo, ba kwa buƙatar rubuta kowane umarni ɗaya da kuka yi. Don kunna aikin shigar da allo, kawai danna Ctrl-A da H. (Don Allah a yi hattara, muna amfani da manyan haruffa 'H'. Yin amfani da 'h' ba na babban birni ba, zai ƙirƙira hoton allo kawai a cikin wani fayil mai suna hardcopy).
A ƙasan hagu na allon, za a sami sanarwar da za ta gaya maka ka so: Ƙirƙirar logfile screenlog.0. Za ku sami fayil ɗin screenlog.0 a cikin kundin adireshin ku.
Wannan fasalin zai haɗa duk abin da kuke yi yayin da kuke cikin taga allo. Don rufe allon don shiga ayyukan aiki, danna Ctrl-A da H kuma.
Wata hanya don kunna fasalin shiga, zaku iya ƙara ma'aunin -L lokacin da aka fara kunna allon. Umurnin zai kasance kamar haka.
[email ~ $ screen -L
Kulle Linux Terminal Screen
Hakanan allon yana da gajeriyar hanya don kulle allon. Kuna iya danna gajerun hanyoyin Ctrl-A da x don kulle allon. Wannan yana da amfani idan kuna son kulle allonku da sauri. Anan ga samfurin fitowar allon kulle bayan kun danna gajeriyar hanya.
Screen used by Pungki Arianto on mint. Password:
Kuna iya amfani da kalmar wucewa ta Linux don buɗe ta.
Ƙara kalmar sirri zuwa Kulle allo
Don dalilai na tsaro, ƙila za ku so ku sanya kalmar sirri a zaman allo. Za a tambayi kalmar wucewa a duk lokacin da kake son sake haɗa allon. Wannan kalmar sirri ta bambanta da tsarin Kulle allo a sama.
Don kiyaye kalmar sirri ta allo, zaku iya shirya fayil ɗin $HOME/.screenrc. Idan babu fayil ɗin, zaku iya ƙirƙirar shi da hannu. Maganar za ta kasance kamar haka.
password crypt_password
Don ƙirƙirar “crypt_password” a sama, zaku iya amfani da umarnin “mkpasswd” akan Linux. Anan ga umarnin tare da kalmar sirri pungki123.
[email ~ $ mkpasswd pungki123 l2BIBzvIeQNOs
mkpasswd zai samar da kalmar sirri ta hash kamar yadda aka nuna a sama. Da zarar ka sami kalmar sirri ta hash, za ka iya kwafa shi cikin fayil ɗin .screenrc ka adana shi. Don haka fayil ɗin .screenrc zai kasance kamar haka.
password l2BIBzvIeQNOs
Lokaci na gaba da ka kunna allon kuma ka cire shi, za a tambayi kalmar sirri lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin sake haɗa shi, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:
[email ~ $ screen -r 5741 Screen password:
Buga kalmar wucewar ku, wanda shine pungki123 kuma allon zai sake haɗawa.
Bayan ka aiwatar da wannan kalmar sirri ta allo kuma ka danna “Ctrl-A” da “x”, to abin da za a fitar zai kasance kamar haka.
Screen used by Pungki Arianto on mint. Password: Screen password:
Za a tambayi kalmar sirri sau biyu. Kalmar sirri ta farko ita ce kalmar sirri ta Linux, kuma kalmar sirri ta biyu ita ce kalmar sirri da kuka saka a cikin fayil ɗin .screenrc.
Barin Zaman Tasha Allon
Akwai hanyoyi guda 2 (biyu) don barin allon. Da farko, muna amfani da Ctrl-A da d don cire allon. Na biyu, za mu iya amfani da umarnin fita don ƙare allon. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Ctrl-A da K don kashe allon.
Wannan shine wasu daga cikin amfanin allo a kullum. Har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa a cikin umarnin allo. Kuna iya ganin shafin mutumin allo don ƙarin daki-daki.