10 Dig (Yanayin Bayani Groper) Umurnai don Tambayi DNS


A cikin labarinmu da ya gabata, mun bayyana kayan aikin layin umarni da ake amfani da su don yin tambaya da samun bayanan DNS (Tsarin Sunan yanki).

Anan, a cikin wannan labarin, mun zo da wani kayan aikin layin umarni da ake kira dig, wanda yayi kama da kayan aikin nslookup na Linux. Za mu ga yadda ake amfani da umarnin tono a hankali tare da misalan su da kuma amfani da su.

[Za ku iya kuma son: Yadda ake girka da Amfani da tono da Dokokin nslookup a cikin Linux]

Dig yana nufin (Groper Information Domain) kayan aikin layin umarni ne na cibiyar sadarwa don neman sabar sunan Domain Name System (DNS).

Yana da amfani don tabbatarwa da magance matsalolin DNS da kuma yin binciken DNS da nuna amsoshin da aka dawo daga sabar sunan da aka tambaya.

Dig wani bangare ne na BIND yanki na sunan sabar software suite. umarnin tono ya maye gurbin tsoffin kayan aikin kamar nslookup da mai watsa shiri. akwai kayan aikin digo a cikin manyan rarrabawar Linux.

# dig yahoo.com

; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	98.137.11.163
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	74.6.143.26
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	74.6.143.25
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	74.6.231.20
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	74.6.231.21
yahoo.com.		387	IN	A	98.137.11.164

;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 134

Umurnin da ke sama yana haifar da tono don duba rikodin \A\ don sunan yankin yahoo.com. Umurnin Dig yana karanta fayil ɗin /etc/resolv.conf da tambayar sabar DNS da aka jera a wurin. Amsa daga uwar garken DNS shine abin da ke nunawa.

Bari mu fahimci fitar da umarni:

  • Layi da suka fara da ; ba su cikin bayanin ba.
  • Layin farko ya gaya mana sigar umarnin tono (9.16.1).
  • Na gaba, tono yana nuna taken martanin da aka samu daga sabar DNS.
  • Na gaba sashen tambaya ya zo, wanda kawai yake gaya mana tambayar, wanda a wannan yanayin tambaya ce don rikodin \A\ na yahoo.com. IN yana nufin wannan binciken Intanet ne (a cikin ajin Intanet).
  • Sashen amsa yana gaya mana cewa yahoo.com yana da adireshin IP 98.137.11.163.
  • A ƙarshe, akwai wasu ƙididdiga game da tambayar. Kuna iya kashe waɗannan ƙididdiga ta amfani da zaɓin +nostats.

Ta hanyar tsoho, tono yana da faɗi sosai. Hanya daya da za a yanke kayan aiki ita ce amfani da zaɓin + Short. wanda zai rage fitar da fitarwa sosai kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.

# dig yahoo.com +short

98.137.11.164
74.6.231.21
74.6.231.20
74.6.143.25
74.6.143.26
98.137.11.163

Lura: Ta hanyar tsoho, tono yana neman \A\ rikodin yankin da aka kayyade, amma kuna iya saka wasu bayanan kuma. Rikodin MX ko Saƙon eExchange yana gaya wa sabar saƙon yadda ake tura imel ɗin yankin. Hakanan TTL, SOA, da sauransu.

Neman nau'ikan bayanan albarkatun DNS daban-daban kawai.

# dig yahoo.com MX

; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.			IN	MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.		51	IN	MX	1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.		51	IN	MX	1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.		51	IN	MX	1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.

;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA

; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.			IN	SOA

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.		1800	IN	SOA	ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 
2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600

;; Query time: 128 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL

; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	74.6.143.25
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	74.6.231.21
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	74.6.143.26
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	98.137.11.164
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	98.137.11.163
yahoo.com.		1606	IN	A	74.6.231.20

;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 134

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;TTL.				IN	A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats

; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	74.6.231.20
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	98.137.11.163
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	98.137.11.164
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	74.6.143.26
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	74.6.231.21
yahoo.com.		1556	IN	A	74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       72.30.38.140
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       98.139.183.24
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns6.yahoo.com.

Neman Juya DNS. Nuna sashin amsa kawai tare da amfani da + gajere.

# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short

ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.

Tambayi ƙayyadaddun tambayar DNS na gidan yanar gizo da yawa. MX, NS, da dai sauransu.

# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns1.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns4.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns3.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns2.redhat.com.

Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .digrc ƙarƙashin $HOME/.digrc don adana tsoffin zaɓuɓɓukan tono.

# dig yahoo.com
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       72.30.38.140
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       98.139.183.24

Muna da kantin ajiya +noall + zaɓuɓɓukan amsa har abada a cikin fayil ɗin .digrc a ƙarƙashin kundin adireshin gida na mai amfani. Yanzu, duk lokacin da aka aiwatar da umarnin tono zai nuna sashin amsa kawai na kayan aikin tono. Babu buƙatar rubuta zaɓuɓɓukan kowane lokaci kamar +noall +amsa.

A cikin wannan labarin, mun yi ƙoƙarin gano umarnin tono wanda zai iya taimaka muku don bincika bayanan da ke da alaƙa da Sunan Domain Name (DNS). Raba ra'ayoyin ku ta akwatin sharhi.