10 Dig (Yanayin Bayani Groper) Umurnai don Tambayi DNS
A cikin labarinmu da ya gabata, mun bayyana kayan aikin layin umarni da ake amfani da su don yin tambaya da samun bayanan DNS (Tsarin Sunan yanki).
Anan, a cikin wannan labarin, mun zo da wani kayan aikin layin umarni da ake kira dig, wanda yayi kama da kayan aikin nslookup na Linux. Za mu ga yadda ake amfani da umarnin tono a hankali tare da misalan su da kuma amfani da su.
[Za ku iya kuma son: Yadda ake girka da Amfani da tono da Dokokin nslookup a cikin Linux]
Dig yana nufin (Groper Information Domain) kayan aikin layin umarni ne na cibiyar sadarwa don neman sabar sunan Domain Name System (DNS).
Yana da amfani don tabbatarwa da magance matsalolin DNS da kuma yin binciken DNS da nuna amsoshin da aka dawo daga sabar sunan da aka tambaya.
Dig wani bangare ne na BIND yanki na sunan sabar software suite. umarnin tono ya maye gurbin tsoffin kayan aikin kamar nslookup da mai watsa shiri. akwai kayan aikin digo a cikin manyan rarrabawar Linux.
# dig yahoo.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.164 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134
Umurnin da ke sama yana haifar da tono don duba rikodin \A\
don sunan yankin yahoo.com. Umurnin Dig yana karanta fayil ɗin /etc/resolv.conf da tambayar sabar DNS da aka jera a wurin. Amsa daga uwar garken DNS shine abin da ke nunawa.
Bari mu fahimci fitar da umarni:
- Layi da suka fara da
;
ba su cikin bayanin ba. - Layin farko ya gaya mana sigar umarnin tono (9.16.1).
- Na gaba, tono yana nuna taken martanin da aka samu daga sabar DNS.
- Na gaba sashen tambaya ya zo, wanda kawai yake gaya mana tambayar, wanda a wannan yanayin tambaya ce don rikodin
\A\
na yahoo.com.IN
yana nufin wannan binciken Intanet ne (a cikin ajin Intanet). - Sashen amsa yana gaya mana cewa yahoo.com yana da adireshin IP 98.137.11.163.
- A ƙarshe, akwai wasu ƙididdiga game da tambayar. Kuna iya kashe waɗannan ƙididdiga ta amfani da zaɓin
+nostats
.
Ta hanyar tsoho, tono yana da faɗi sosai. Hanya daya da za a yanke kayan aiki ita ce amfani da zaɓin + Short
. wanda zai rage fitar da fitarwa sosai kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.
# dig yahoo.com +short 98.137.11.164 74.6.231.21 74.6.231.20 74.6.143.25 74.6.143.26 98.137.11.163
Lura: Ta hanyar tsoho, tono yana neman \A\
rikodin yankin da aka kayyade, amma kuna iya saka wasu bayanan kuma. Rikodin MX
ko Saƙon eExchange yana gaya wa sabar saƙon yadda ake tura imel ɗin yankin. Hakanan TTL, SOA, da sauransu.
Neman nau'ikan bayanan albarkatun DNS daban-daban kawai.
# dig yahoo.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1800 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.20 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;TTL. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.139.183.24 yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns6.yahoo.com.
Neman Juya DNS. Nuna sashin amsa kawai tare da amfani da + gajere.
# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.
Tambayi ƙayyadaddun tambayar DNS na gidan yanar gizo da yawa. MX, NS, da dai sauransu.
# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns1.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns4.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns3.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns2.redhat.com.
Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .digrc ƙarƙashin $HOME/.digrc don adana tsoffin zaɓuɓɓukan tono.
# dig yahoo.com yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.139.183.24
Muna da kantin ajiya +noall + zaɓuɓɓukan amsa har abada a cikin fayil ɗin .digrc a ƙarƙashin kundin adireshin gida na mai amfani. Yanzu, duk lokacin da aka aiwatar da umarnin tono zai nuna sashin amsa kawai na kayan aikin tono. Babu buƙatar rubuta zaɓuɓɓukan kowane lokaci kamar +noall +amsa.
A cikin wannan labarin, mun yi ƙoƙarin gano umarnin tono wanda zai iya taimaka muku don bincika bayanan da ke da alaƙa da Sunan Domain Name (DNS). Raba ra'ayoyin ku ta akwatin sharhi.