Yadda ake hack din Linux dinka

Kalmar wucewa sune ƙa'idodi ne na tsarin Tsaro don yawancin Tsarin. Kuma idan ya shafi Linux, idan ka san tushen kalmar wucewa kana da mashin din. Kalmomin shiga sune ma'aunin Tsaro na BIOS, Shiga ciki, Disk, Aikace-aikace, da sauransu.

Ana ɗaukar Linux a matsayin mafi Ingantaccen Tsarin Gudanar da Ayyukan da za a yi wa kutse ko fashewa kuma a zahiri shi ne, har yanzu za mu tattauna kan wasu ramuka-madaukai da fa'idodin tsarin Linux. Zamuyi amfani da CentOS Linux a ko'ina cikin labarin azaman labarin don fasa tsaron injinmu.

Latsa kowane maɓalli don katse boot ɗin, da zaran takalmin inji na Linux kuma zaku sami menu na GRUB.

Latsa 'e' don shiryawa kuma zuwa layin farawa da kernel (Gabaɗaya Layi na 2).

Yanzu danna 'e' don shirya kwaya kuma ƙara '1' a ƙarshen layi (bayan sarari ɗaya sarari) tilasta shi farawa a cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya kuma don haka hana shi shiga matsakaicin gudu-matakin. Latsa 'Shigar' don rufe gyaran kernel sannan kuma farawa zuwa zaɓin da aka canza. Don farawa Ana buƙatar danna 'b'

Yanzu kun shiga cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya.

Haka ne! Yanzu ta amfani da 'passwd' umarni zamu iya canza kalmar sirri. Kuma da zarar kana da kalmar sirri sai ka mallaki Linux Machine - Shin baka tuna bane? Yanzu zaku iya canzawa zuwa allon zane don shirya komai da komai.

Lura: Idan har kalmar 'passwd' ta sama ba zata yi aiki a gare ku ba kuma ba ku sami wani fitarwa ba, yana nufin kawai SELinux ɗinku yana cikin yanayin aiwatarwa kuma kuna buƙatar musaki shi da farko, kafin a ci gaba da ci gaba. Gudun bin umarni a hanzarin ku.

# setenforce 0

An sa'an nan gudu da 'passwd' umurnin, don canja tushen kalmar sirri. Bugu da ƙari umarni.

Yi amfani da tsarin “init 5” (Fedora Based) da kuma tsarin “gdm3” (Debian Based).

Don haka wannan ba shine kek-keken tafiya don satar akwatin Linux ba? Yi tunani game da yanayin idan wani yayi haka ga sabarka, Tsoro! Yanzu zamu koya yadda ake kiyaye Kayan aikinmu na Linux daga canzawa ta amfani da yanayin mai amfani guda ɗaya.

Ta yaya muka shiga cikin tsarin? Amfani da Yanayin mai amfani da Single. Yayi, saboda haka madauri a nan shine - shiga cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya ba tare da buƙatar shigar da kowane kalmar sirri ba.

Gyara wannan maɓallin, watau, kalmar sirri tana kare yanayin mai amfani ɗaya.

bude fayil "/etc/rc1.d/S99single" a cikin editan da kuka fi so kuma bincika layi.

exec init -t1 s

Kawai ƙara layin da ke sama da shi. aje ta fita.

exec sbin/sulogin

Yanzu kafin shigar da yanayin mai amfani guda ɗaya kuna buƙatar samar da tushen kalmar sirri don ci gaba. Duba sake gwada ƙoƙarin shigar da yanayin mai amfani guda ɗaya bayan waɗannan canza fayil ɗin da aka faɗi a sama.

Me yasa baka bincika shi ba, Kanka.

Kashe Tsarin Linux ɗinku Ba tare da Amfani da Yanayin Amfani Guda Ba

Yayi, don haka yanzu zaku ji daɗin cewa tsarinku yana da tsaro. Koyaya wannan gaskiyane sashi. Gaskiya ne cewa akwatin Linux ɗin ku ba zai iya fashewa ta amfani da yanayin mai amfani ɗaya ba amma har yanzu ana iya yin hacking ta wata hanyar.

A cikin matakin da muka sama mun gyara kernel don shigar da yanayin mai amfani guda ɗaya. A wannan lokacin kuma zamuyi gyaran kernel amma da wani siga daban, bari muga yaya?

A matsayin saitin kernel mun kara '1' a cikin aikin da ke sama duk da haka yanzu zamu kara 'init =/bin/bash' da taya ta amfani da 'b'.

Kuma OOPS kun sake yin kutse cikin tsarin ku kuma maɓallin ya isa ya ba da hujjar wannan.

Yanzu Tryoƙarin canza kalmar sirri ta asali ta amfani da tsari iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin hanyar farko ta amfani da umarnin 'passwd', mun sami wani abu kamar.

1. Dalili: An kafa tushen (/) bangare Karanta kawai. (Saboda haka ba a rubuta kalmar sirri ba).
2. Magani: Sanya tushen (/) bangare tare da izinin karanta-rubutu.

Don hawa tushen bangare tare da karanta-rubuta izini. Rubuta umarni mai zuwa daidai.

# mount -o remount,rw /

Yanzu kuma a sake gwada canza kalmar sirri ta tushe ta amfani da 'passwd' umarni.

Yi sauri! Kun sake shiga tsarin Linux din ku. Ohhh mutum shine tsarin mai sauƙin amfani. A'a! amsar itace a'a. Abinda kawai kuke buƙata shine saita tsarinku.

Duk ayyukan biyu da ke sama sun haɗa da tweaking da wucewar sigogi zuwa kwaya. Don haka idan muka yi wani abu don dakatar da tweak na kernel a bayyane akwatinmu na Linux zai zama amintacce kuma ba mai sauƙi ba ne. Kuma don dakatar da gyaran kernel a boot dole ne mu samar da kalmar wucewa don boot Lodier, watau, kalmar sirri tana kare kariya (Lilo wani bootloader ne na Linux amma ba za mu tattauna shi a nan ba) bootloader.

Bayar da ɓoyayyen kalmar sirri ga bootloader ta amfani da 'grub-md5-crypt' ya biyo tare da kalmar sirrinku. Na farko ɓoye kalmar sirri

Kwafa kalmar sirri da aka ɓoye a sama, daidai yadda yake kuma kiyaye shi lafiya za mu yi amfani da shi a matakinmu na gaba. Yanzu buɗe 'grub.conf' fayil ɗinka ta amfani da editan da kuka fi so (wuri na iya zama: /etc/grub.conf) kuma ƙara layin.

password --md5 $1$t8JvC1$8buXiBsfANd79/X3elp9G1

Canja\"$1 $t8JvC1 $8buXiBsfANd79/X3elp9G1" tare da kalmar sirrinka da kuka ɓullo a sama kuma ta kwafe ta cikin aminci zuwa wani wuri.

Fayil din “grub.conf” bayan saka layin da ke sama, adanawa da fita.

Yanzu Komawa Dubawa, gyara kernel a boot, mun samu.

Yanzu zaku zama kuna numfashi cewa tsarinku yana da cikakken tsaro a yanzu kuma ba mai yuwuwar yin fashin ba ne, amma har yanzu wasan bai ƙare ba.

Kun fi sani cewa za ku iya tilasta yanayin ceto don cirewa da gyaggyara kalmar wucewa ta amfani da hoto mai ɗaukewa.

Kawai sanya CD/DVD ɗinka na girke-girke kuma zaɓi Tsarin Shigar da Ceto ko amfani da kowane hoton ceto, har ma zaka iya amfani da Live Linux Distro, ɗaga HDD kuma shirya fayil ɗin 'grub.conf' don cire layin kalmar sirri, sake yi da sake kuna ciki.

Lura: A yanayin ceto HDD dinka an girke ta ƙarƙashin '/ mnt/sysimage'.

# chroot /mnt/sysimage
# vi grub.conf (remove the password line)
# reboot

Na san zaku tambaya- to ina karshen. Da kyau zan ce shine.

1. Kalmar wucewa kare BIOS.
2. Canja muku Boot oda zuwa HDD da farko, sai kuma hutawa (cd/dvd, network, usb).
3. Yi amfani da Kalmar wucewa isasshe Tsayayye, Mai sauƙin tunawa, Mai wuyar tsammani.
4. Kada ka taba rubuta kalmar shiga ta zuwa kowane wuri.
5. Babu shakka amfani da Babban Harafi, casearamin jaka, Lambobi da Hali na Musamman a cikin kalmar sirrinku saboda haka sanya wahalar karya shi.

Wannan jagorar shine kawai don sanar da ku gaskiya da kuma gaya muku yadda za ku sami tsarinku. linux-console.net da marubucin wannan labarin suna ƙarfafa wannan jagorar a matsayin tushen tushen amfani da tsarin wasu. Hakkin mai karatu ne kawai idan suka shiga irin wannan aikin kuma don irin wannan aikin ba rubuta ko linux-console.net zai kasance da alhakin ba.

Kalamanku masu kyau suna sa mu ji daɗi kuma suna ƙarfafa mu kuma ana neman hakan koyaushe daga gare ku. Ku more kuma Ku Kasance Tare damu.