Irƙirar Gidan Yanar Gizonku da kuma Gudanar da Yanar Gizo daga Akwatin Linux ɗinku


Da yawa daga cikinku za su zama mai tsara yanar gizo. Wasu daga cikinku na iya zama bashin gidan yanar gizo kuma tabbas za su iya gyara da sabunta shi akai-akai. Yayinda wasu kalilan wadanda basu da cikakken ilimin fasahar yanar gizo zasu cigaba da shirin samun hakan.

Ta hanyar wannan labarin, zan sanar da yadda zaku inganta gidan yanar gizon aiki da ƙarancin ilimi kuma har ma zaku iya ɗaukar shi ta amfani da akwatin Linux ɗinku. Abubuwa na iya zama da sauki kamar haka.

Bukatun:

Akwatin Linux (Duk da haka, Kuna iya amfani da Windows amma tabbas abubuwa ba zasu zama masu sauƙi da cikakke kamar yadda zai kasance akan Linux Machine ba, An yi amfani da Debian a nan misali misali). Idan ba a shigar da tsarin aiki ba, ko ba ku san yadda ake girka tsarin Linux ba, to ga 'yan jagororin da ke nuna muku yadda ake girka tsarin Linux.

  • Yadda Ake Sanya Debian 10 (Buster) Mafi qarancin Server
  • Yadda ake Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 Uwargida
  • Shigar da\"CentOS 8.0 ″ tare da Screenshots

Apache, PHP, da MySQL (suna da masaniya akan kowane SQL, zaka iya amfani da shi amma misalai a cikin labarin zasuyi amfani da MySQL.

  • Yadda Ake Sanya Fitila akan Debian 10 Server
  • Yadda ake Shigar Fitila mai Litila a Ubuntu 20.04
  • Yadda Ake Sanya Sabbin Layi a CentOS 8

Tsarin Gudanar da Abun ciki - Drupal tare da KompoZer, ko kuna iya amfani da WordPress ko Joomla. (Amma a nan na yi amfani da Drupal azaman Tsarin Gudanar da Abun Cikina (CMS)).

  • Yadda Ake Shigar da WordPress A gefen Fitila akan Debian 10
  • Yadda ake Shigar WordPress tare da Apache a cikin Ubuntu 20.04
  • Sanya WordPress 5 tare da Apache, MariaDB 10, da PHP 7 akan CentOS 8/7

  • Yadda Ake Shigar Drupal akan Debian 10
  • Yadda ake Shigar Drupal akan Ubuntu
  • Yadda ake Shigar Drupal akan CentOS 8

  • Yadda ake Shigar Joomla akan Debian 10
  • Yadda ake Shigar Joomla akan Ubuntu
  • Yadda ake Shigar Joomla akan CentOS 8

Kafa Wani Mai Kula da Yanar Gizo da kuma Gudanar da Yanar Gizo a cikin Linux

Haɗin Intanet tare da Static IP (Wanda aka fi so) an haɗa shi ta hanyar haɗin haɗi wanda ke da kayan aikin karɓar baƙi (A Gaskiya ba shi da rikitarwa kamar yadda yake sauti a nan).

Apache shiri ne na sabar yanar gizo. Yana zuwa shigar dashi kuma an saita shi akan yawancin Tsarin. Bincika idan an sanya shi akan tsarinku ko a'a.

# apt-cache policy apache2 (On Debian based OS)
apache2:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.4.38-3+deb10u3
  Version table:
     2.4.38-3+deb10u3 500
        500 http://httpredir.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
     2.4.38-3 -1
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.4.25-3+deb9u9 500
        500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates/main amd64 Packages
# yum search httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.smartmedia.net.id
 * extras: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Installed Packages
httpd.i686	2.2.15-28.el6.centos	@updates

Daga abubuwan da aka fitar a sama, ya bayyana a sarari cewa an sanya Apache akan akwatin, idan ba lamarinka bane kana iya 'apt' ko 'yum' kunshin da ake bukata. Da zarar an shigar da Apache sai a fara shi.

# apt-get install apache2 (On Debian based OS)
# service apache2 start
# yum install httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
# service httpd start

Lura: Zai yuwu ka rubuta 'httpd' kuma ba 'apache' akan wasu sabar ba Viz., RHEL. Da zarar an fara sabar ‘apache2‘ ko ‘http’ aka ‘httpd’ kuna iya bincika shi a cikin burauzarku ta zuwa kowane ɗayan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Wannan haɗin yanar gizon zai buɗe cikin wani shafi wanda aka shirya wanda yake nufin an sami nasarar shigar da Apache kuma an fara shi.

MySQL shine tsarin sabar bayanan bayanai. Ya zo cike da adadin distros. Bincika idan an sanya shi akan tsarinku ko a'a kuma inda aka sanya shi.

# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /usr/bin/X11/mysql /usr/share/mysql 
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

Daga abubuwan da aka samo a sama, ya tabbata cewa an shigar MySQL tare da wurin fayilolin binary. Idan har ba a girka shi ba, yi 'apt' ko 'yum' don girka shi a fara shi.

# apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Debian based OS)
# service mysql start
# yum install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Red Hat based OS)
# service mariadb start

Lura: Wataƙila ka buga\"mysqld" a maimakon mysql, a bayyane ba tare da ambato ba, a wasu ɓarna, kamar haka, RHEL. Bincika matsayin MySQL, gudu.

# service mysql status (On Debian based OS)
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3.23 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-08 01:05:32 EST; 1min 42s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process: 2540 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2537 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2457 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_STAR
  Process: 2452 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2450 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2506 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 30 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─2506 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Sakamakon da ke sama yana nuna cewa MySQL yana gudana na 11 min 58 sec.

PHP yare ne na rubutun sabar-server wanda aka tsara don ci gaban yanar gizo kuma ana amfani dashi gaba ɗaya azaman yaren manufa mai manufa. Dole ne kawai ku sanya rubutun php bayan shigar da php. Kamar yadda na fada a sama amfani da 'apt' ko 'yum' don shigar da kunshin da ake buƙata don akwatinku.

# apt-get install php php-mysql (On Debian based OS)
# yum install php php-mysqlnd (On Red Hat based OS)

Idan kun samu nasarar shigar da php a cikin tsarinku, kuna iya bincika ko yana aiki daidai ko ba ta ƙirƙirar fayil\"info.php" a cikin adireshin '/ var/www/html' ko '/ var/www' (wanda shine kundin adireshinku na Apache) tare da abubuwan da aka bayar a ƙasa.

<?php

     phpinfo ();
?>

Yanzu kewaya zuwa burauzarku kuma ku rubuta kowane ɗayan mahaɗin mai zuwa.

http://127.0.0.1/info.php
http://localhost/info.php
http://your-ip-address/info.php

Wanda ke nufin php an girka kuma yana aiki daidai. Yanzu zaku iya gina gidan yanar gizan ku a cikin kundin adireshin Apache ɗin ku, duk da haka, ba koyaushe bane mai kyau ku sake kirkirar ƙafafun mota sau da ƙafa.

Saboda wannan, akwai Tsarin Gudanar da Abun ciki (CMF), watau., Drupal, Joomla, WordPress. Kuna iya zazzage sabon tsarin daga hanyar haɗin da aka bayar a ƙasa kuma kuna iya amfani da kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsarin, amma, zamuyi amfani da Drupal a cikin misalanmu.

  • Drupal: https://drupal.org/project/drupal
  • Joomla: http://www.joomla.org/download.html
  • WordPress: http://wordpress.org/download/

Zazzage Drupal daga haɗin haɗin da ke sama wanda zai zama tarihin tar. Matsar da tarihin tar a cikin kundin adireshin Apache '/ var/www/html' ko '/ var/www'. Cire shi zuwa asalin adireshin apache. Inda 'x.xx' zai zama lambar sigar.

# mv drupal-x.xx.tar.gz /var/www/ (mv to Apache root directory)
# cd /var/www/ (change working directory)
# tar -zxvf drupal-7.22.tar.gz (extract the archieve)
# cd drupal-7.22 (Move to the extracted folder)
# cp * -R /var/www/ (Copy the extracted archieve to apache directory)

Idan komai ya tafi daidai, sake bude burauzan ka kayi tafiya zuwa hanyoyin da ke kasa sannan za a gaishe ka.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Zaɓi saitunan Yarenku.

Dubawa don buƙatu da izinin fayil. Ba da izini mai dacewa ga fayilolin da ake buƙata da manyan fayiloli. Wataƙila kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu fayiloli da hannu, wanda ba babban abu bane.

Saitin Bayanai, tsarin aiwatarwa.

Idan tsarin Bayanan Bayanai ya tafi cikakkun bayanan martaba ana girka su kai tsaye.

Saitin yana nufin saita 'Sunan Yanar Gizo', 'Email', 'Sunan mai amfani', 'Kalmar wucewa', 'Yankin Lokaci', da dai sauransu.

Kuma idan komai ya tafi daidai, zaka sami allo wani abu kamar wannan.

Bude Shafin ka ta hanyar nuna adireshin http://127.0.0.1.

Yi sauri !!!

Kompozer kayan aiki ne wanda zai baka damar aiki a cikin GUI don tsara gidan yanar gizo a cikin html kuma zaka iya saka rubutun php a duk inda kake so. Kompozer ya sauƙaƙe don ƙirƙirar shafin yanar gizo.

  1. Kompozer: http://www.kompozer.net/download.php

da kyau baku buƙatar shigar da shi akan yawancin tsarin Linux. Kawai zazzage, cirewa, kuma gudanar da Kompozer.

Idan masu kirkira ne, kompozer yana nan don ku.

'Yan Kalmomi game da Adireshin Intanet (IP).

http://127.0.0.1

Gabaɗaya ana kiran sa da adireshin IP na loopback ko localhost, kuma koyaushe yana nuna mashin ɗin da aka bincika shi. Duk injunan da ke kan hanyar sadarwar da ke magana zuwa adireshin da ke sama za su sake juyawa zuwa injin su.

Ipconfig/ifconfig: Gudu wannan a cikin tashar ku don sanin mashin ɗin ku na gida.

# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr **:**:**:**:**:**  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0 
          inet6 addr: ****::****:****:****:****/** Scope:Link 
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 
          RX packets:107991 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
          TX packets:95076 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:76328395 (72.7 MiB)  TX bytes:20797849 (19.8 MiB) 
          Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000

Bincika mai shigar da adreshin: 192.168.1.2 nan 192.168.1.2 shine IP na gida. Duk wata kwamfutar da ke LAN dinka gami da za ka iya komawa ga gidan yanar sadarwarka da ka yi amfani da wannan adireshin.

Koyaya kwamfutar da ke wajen LAN ɗinku ba za ta iya samun damar shafin yanar gizonku ta amfani da wannan adireshin IP ba. Dole ne ku nemi mai ba da sabis na Intanet ɗinku don samar muku da tsayayyen IP (Wannan ba ya canzawa tare da lokaci). Da zarar ka sami adreshin IP ɗinka tsaye, hanya mafi sauƙi don nemo IP ɗinka shine ka rubuta\"My IP shine" a google kuma a lura da sakamakon.

Ba za ku iya samun damar wannan IP ɗin daga injinku ba ko wani inji a kan LAN ɗinku. Koyaya, zaku iya amfani da sabar wakili (www.kproxy.com) don samun damar rukunin rukunin yanar gizonku ta hanyar amfani da IP ɗinku tsaye. Amma kafin wannan, kuna buƙatar saita sabar mai amfani kuma mai ba da sabis ɗinku tabbas zai taimaka game da wannan.

Hmmm! Hakan ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan. Da farko, kuna buƙatar sanin ana amfani da apache na tashar, wanda a mafi yawan lamarin 80 ne.

# netstat -tulpn

fitarwa zai zama wani abu kamar:

tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      6169/apache2

Yanzu je zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa wanda galibi shine http://192.168.1.1 kuma sunan mai amfani/kalmar wucewa zai zama mai gudanarwa, amma, yana iya zama daban a cikin lamarinku dangane da mai ba da sabis da yanki.

Gaba, je zuwa Virtual uwar garken tab. Cika lambar tashar jiragen ruwa, sunan sabis, da adireshin IP na gida, sanarwa, da adanawa. Nemi taimako daga ISP.

Ka tuna Kawai zaka iya samun damar wannan shafin yanar gizan ne daga na'urar ka, da duk wata na'ura da ke LAN dinka, ko kuma kwamfutar da ke Intanet a yayin da na'urar ka take kuma tana aiki da MySQL da Apache a lokaci guda.

Tare da iko mai girma, babban aiki ne ya zo. Kuma yanzu shine alhakin ku don kiyaye na'urar ku. Kada ka taɓa ba da adireshin IP ɗinka ga kowane mutum wanda ba a san shi ba har sai ka san hanyoyinka na shiga da fita.

Tabbas zamuyi kokarin rufe batutuwan da suka shafi tsaro da kuma yadda za'a kiyaye ta. Ka ji daɗin bayar da mahimman bayanan ka kuma ka raba su ga abokanka. Kun san 'Rabawa Yana Kulawa'. Sharhin ku mai kyau yana karfafa mana gwiwa.