Misalai masu amfani na 20 na Dokokin RPM a cikin Linux

RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) shine tushen buɗaɗɗen tushe kuma mafi mashahuri mai amfani sarrafa kayan aiki don tsarin Red Hat kamar (RHEL, CentOS da Fedora). Kayan aiki yana bawa masu gudanarwa da masu amfani damar girkawa, sabuntawa, cirewa, tambaya, tabbatarwa da sarrafa kunshin software a tsarin Unix/Linux. RPM wanda a da aka fi sani da .rpm fayil, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen software da aka tattara da ɗakunan karatu waɗanda fakitin ke buƙata. Wannan mai amfani yana aiki kawai tare da fakitin da aka gina akan tsarin .rpm.

Wannan labarin yana ba da wasu misalai na umarni 20 RPM waɗanda zasu iya taimaka muku. Ta hanyar taimakon waɗannan umarnin rpm zaka iya gudanar da girka, sabuntawa, cire fakitoci a cikin tsarin Linux ɗin ka.

Wasu Bayanai game da RPM (RedHat Package Manager)

  1. RPM kyauta ne kuma an sake shi a ƙarƙashin GPL (Lasisin Jama'a Gabaɗaya).
  2. RPM yana adana bayanan duk abubuwanda aka saka a karkashin/var/lib/rpm database.
  3. RPM ita ce kawai hanya don shigar da fakiti a ƙarƙashin tsarin Linux, idan kun shigar da fakitoci ta amfani da lambar tushe, to rpm ba za ta sarrafa shi ba.
  4. RPM yayi ma'amala da fayilolin .rpm, wanda ya ƙunshi ainihin bayani game da fakitin kamar: menene shi, daga inda ya fito, bayanan masu dogaro, bayanin sigar dasauransu

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyar masu mahimmanci don umarnin RPM

  1. Shigar: Ana amfani dashi don girka kowane kunshin RPM.
  2. Cire: Ana amfani dashi don sharewa, cirewa ko rashin sanya kowane kunshin RPM.
  3. Inganci: Ana amfani dashi don sabunta kunshin RPM na yanzu.
  4. Tabbatar: Ana amfani dashi don tabbatar da fakitin RPM.
  5. Tambaya: Ana amfani da ita don tambaya kowane kunshin RPM.

Inda zaka samo kunshin RPM

A ƙasa akwai jerin rukunin yanar gizo na rpm, inda zaku iya nemo da sauke duk fakitin RPM.

  1. http://rpmfind.net
  2. http://www.redhat.com
  3. http://freshrpms.net/
  4. http://rpm.pbone.net/

Karanta Har ila yau:

  1. Misali 20 YUM Misali a cikin Linux
  2. Misalan Dokar Wget 10 a cikin Linux
  3. 30 Mafi Amfani da Umurnin Linux don Masu Gudanar da Tsarin tsarin

Da fatan za a tuna dole ne a kasance mai amfani da tushen yayin girke-girke a cikin Linux, tare da tushen gata za ku iya sarrafa umarnin rpm tare da zaɓin da ya dace da su.

1. Yadda Ake Duba Kunshin Sa hannu na RPM

Koyaushe bincika sa hannun PGP na fakitoci kafin girka su akan tsarin Linux ɗin ku kuma tabbatar da ingancin sa da asalin sa yayi. Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa tare da - duba alama (duba sa hannu) don bincika sa hannun wani kunshin da ake kira pidgin.

 rpm --checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK

2. Yadda Ake Sanya Kunshin RPM

Don shigar da kunshin rpm na software, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa tare da -i zaɓi. Misali, don girka kunshin rpm da ake kira pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm.

 rpm -ivh pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:pidgin                 ########################################### [100%]

  1. -i: shigar da fakiti
  2. -v: magana don nuni mafi kyau
  3. -h: buga alamun hash yayin da ba a kwance tarihin kunshin.

3. Yadda zaka duba abubuwan dogaro na Kunshin RPM kafin girkawa

Bari mu ce kuna son yin rajistar dogara kafin girka ko haɓaka kunshin. Misali, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don bincika abubuwan dogaro na kunshin BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm. Zai nuna jerin abubuwan dogaro na kunshin.

 rpm -qpR BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

/usr/bin/python2.4
python >= 2.3
python(abi) = 2.4
python-crypto >= 2.0
python-psyco
python-twisted >= 2.0
python-zopeinterface
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 2.6

  1. -q: Nemi fakiti
  2. -p: capabilitiesarfin lissafin wannan kunshin yana bayarwa.
  3. -R: capabilitiesarfin jerin abubuwan da wannan kunshin ya dogara da su ..

4. Yadda Ake Sanya Kunshin RPM Ba Tare Da Dogara ba

Idan kun san cewa an riga an shigar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata kuma RPM wauta ce kawai, zaku iya watsi da waɗannan dogaro ta hanyar amfani da zaɓin –abun hanyoyi (ba masu bincika abin dogaro) kafin shigar da kunshin.

 rpm -ivh --nodeps BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:BitTorrent             ########################################### [100%]

Umurnin da ke sama da ƙarfi ya sanya kunshin rpm ta hanyar watsi da kuskuren dogara, amma idan waɗannan fayilolin dogaro sun ɓace, to shirin ba zai yi aiki kwata-kwata ba, har sai kun girka su.

5. Yadda zaka duba Kunshin RPM da aka girka

Amfani da -q zaɓi tare da sunan kunshin, zai nuna ko an shigar rpm ko a'a.

 rpm -q BitTorrent

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch

6. Yadda zaka jera dukkan fayiloli na kunshin RPM da aka girka

Don duba duk fayilolin abubuwan fakitin rpm da aka sanya, yi amfani da -ql (jerin tambayoyin) tare da umarnin rpm.

 rpm -ql BitTorrent

/usr/bin/bittorrent
/usr/bin/bittorrent-console
/usr/bin/bittorrent-curses
/usr/bin/bittorrent-tracker
/usr/bin/changetracker-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-curses
/usr/bin/maketorrent
/usr/bin/maketorrent-console
/usr/bin/torrentinfo-console

7. Yadda ake Lissafin Kunshin RPM Kwanan nan

Yi amfani da umarnin rpm mai zuwa tare da -qa (tambaya duka) zaɓi, zai lissafa duk fakitin rpm ɗin da aka girka kwanan nan.

 rpm -qa --last

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:14:06 PM BDT
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:13:51 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:06 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686             Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:05 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686         Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:04 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:03 PM BDT

8. Yadda Ake Lissafa Duk Fakitin RPM da Aka Shiga

Rubuta umarni mai zuwa don buga duk sunayen abubuwan da aka sanya a kan tsarin Linux ɗinku.

 rpm -qa

initscripts-9.03.31-2.el6.centos.i686
polkit-desktop-policy-0.96-2.el6_0.1.noarch
thunderbird-17.0-1.el6.remi.i686

9. Yadda zaka Inganta Kunshin RPM

Idan muna son haɓaka kowane kunshin RPM “–U” (haɓakawa) za ayi amfani da shi. Ofayan manyan fa'idodin amfani da wannan zaɓin shine cewa ba kawai zai inganta sabon juzu'i na kowane kunshin ba, amma kuma zai kiyaye ajiyayyun tsofaffin kunshin don haka idan sabun kunshin da aka inganta baya tafiyar da kunshin da aka sanya a baya za a iya amfani da sake.

 rpm -Uvh nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:nx                     ########################################### [100%]

10. Yadda zaka Cire Kunshin RPM

Don sake shigar da kunshin RPM, misali muna amfani da sunan kunshin nx, ba asalin kunshin nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm ba. Ana amfani da zaɓi -e (shafe) don cire kunshin.

 rpm -evv nx

11. Yadda zaka Cire Kunshin RPM Ba Tare da Dogara ba

Zaɓuɓɓukan –nodeps (Kada a duba masu dogaro) da ƙarfi cire kunshin rpm daga tsarin. Amma ka tuna cire musamman kunshin na iya karya wasu aikace-aikacen aiki.

 rpm -ev --nodeps vsftpd

12. Yadda zaka tambaya fayil wanda yake na RPM ne

A ce, kuna da jerin fayiloli kuma kuna so ku gano wane kunshin na waɗannan fayilolin. Misali, umarni mai zuwa tare da -qf (fayil din tambaya) zabin zai nuna maka fayil/usr/bin/htpasswd mallaki ne ta hanyar kunshin kayan httpd-kayan aikin-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686.

 rpm -qf /usr/bin/htpasswd

httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686

13. Yadda zaka Nemi Bayani na Kunshin RPM

Bari mu ce kun shigar da kunshin rpm kuma kuna son sanin bayanai game da kunshin. Zaɓi mai zuwa -qi (tambayar tambaya) zai buga samfuran samfuran da aka sanya.

 rpm -qi vsftpd

Name        : vsftpd				   Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 2.2.2				   Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 11.el6				   Build Date: Fri 22 Jun 2012 01:54:24 PM BDT
Install Date: Mon 17 Sep 2012 07:55:28 PM BDT      Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group       : System Environment/Daemons           Source RPM: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 351932                               License: GPLv2 with exceptions
Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Mon 25 Jun 2012 04:07:34 AM BDT, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
URL         : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
Summary     : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Description :
vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.

14. Nemo Bayanin Kunshin RPM Kafin Shiga

Kuna da zazzage fakiti daga intanet kuma kuna son sanin bayanan kunshin kafin girkawa. Misali, zabin mai zuwa -qip (bayanan neman bayani) zai buga bayanan kunshin sqlbuddy.

 rpm -qip sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

Name        : sqlbuddy                     Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 1.3.3                        Vendor: (none)
Release     : 1                            Build Date: Wed 02 Nov 2011 11:01:21 PM BDT
Install Date: (not installed)              Build Host: rpm.bar.baz
Group       : Applications/Internet        Source RPM: sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.src.rpm
Size        : 1155804                      License: MIT
Signature   : (none)
Packager    : Erik M Jacobs
URL         : http://www.sqlbuddy.com/
Summary     : SQL Buddy â Web based MySQL administration
Description :
SQLBuddy is a PHP script that allows for web-based MySQL administration.

15. Yadda ake Neman takardu na Kunshin RPM

Don samun jerin takaddun da aka samo na kunshin da aka sanya, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa tare da zaɓi -qdf (fayil ɗin daftarin aiki na tambaya) zai nuna shafukan shafuka masu alaƙa da kunshin vmstat.

 rpm -qdf /usr/bin/vmstat

/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING.LIB
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/TODO

16. Yadda zaka Tabbatar da Kunshin RPM

Tabbatar da wani kunshin yana kwatanta bayanan fayilolin da aka sanya na kunshin kan rpm ɗin bayanan. Ana amfani da -Vp (tabbatar da kunshin) don tabbatar da kunshin.

 rpm -Vp sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

S.5....T.  c /etc/httpd/conf.d/sqlbuddy.conf

17. Yadda zaka Tabbatar da duk fakitin RPM

Buga umarni mai zuwa don tabbatar da duk fakitin rpm da aka sanya.

 rpm -Va

S.5....T.  c /etc/rc.d/rc.local
.......T.  c /etc/dnsmasq.conf
.......T.    /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-279.5.2.el6.i686.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

18. Yadda zaka Shigo da maɓallin RPM GPG

Don tabbatar da fakitin RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, dole ne a shigo da maɓallin GPG. Don yin haka, aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa. Zai shigo da maɓallin CentOS 6 GPG.

 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

19. Yadda zaka lissafa duk makullan RPM GPG

Don buga duk maɓallan GPG da aka shigo da su a cikin tsarinku, yi amfani da wannan umarnin.

 rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f
gpg-pubkey-0f2672c8-4cd950ee
gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-849c449f-4cb9df30

20. Yadda Ake Sake Gyara Ratattar Bayanai na RPM

Wasu lokuta rpm na bayanai suna lalacewa kuma suna dakatar da duk ayyukan rpm da sauran aikace-aikace akan tsarin. Don haka, a lokacin muna buƙatar sake gina rpm database da mayar da shi tare da taimakon bin umarni.

[ro[email ]# cd /var/lib
 rm __db*
 rpm --rebuilddb
 rpmdb_verify Packages