Yadda ake Shigowa da Kafa Saiti (Tsarin Linux da Kulawa da Ayyuka)


Monit kyauta ce mai budewa kyauta kuma kayan aiki ne masu matukar amfani wadanda suke lura da kuma gudanar da ayyukan uwar garke ta atomatik, fayiloli, kundayen adireshi, wuraren bincike, izini, tsarin fayiloli da aiyuka kamar Apache, Nginx, MySQL, FTP, SSH, Sendmail da sauransu a cikin tushen UNIX/Linux tsarin kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan aikin kulawa na kulawa ga masu gudanarwa na tsarin.

Gudanarwar tana da ƙirar gidan yanar gizo mai amfani inda za ku iya kallon yanayin tsarin kai tsaye da aiwatar da saiti ta amfani da sabar yanar gizo ta HTTP (S) ko ta hanyar layin layin umarni. Wannan yana nufin dole ne ku sami sabar yanar gizo kamar Apache ko Nginx da aka sanya a kan tsarinku don samun dama da duba tsarin yanar gizo mai kulawa.

Monit yana da ikon fara aiwatarwa idan baya aiki, sake farawa tsari idan ba amsawa ba kuma dakatar da aiwatar idan yayi amfani da manyan albarkatu. Allyari akan haka kuma zaku iya amfani da Monit don saka idanu kan fayiloli, kundayen adireshi da tsarin fayiloli don canje-canje, canje-canje masu dubawa, canje-canjen girman fayil ko canje-canjen timestamp. Tare da Monit zaka iya saka idanu rundunonin nesa TCP/IP, ladabi na sabar da ping. Monit yana riƙe da fayil ɗinsa da faɗakarwa game da duk wani mummunan yanayin yanayi da matsayin dawowa.

An rubuta wannan labarin ne don bayyana jagora mai sauƙi akan sanya Monit da sanyawa akan RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, Linux Mint da Debian Linux Operating Systems, amma yakamata ya zama mai jituwa da Kimiyyar Linux ma.

Mataki 1: girka Monit

Ta hanyar tsoho, ba a samo kayan aikin Monit daga wuraren ajiya na tsarin, kuna buƙatar ƙarawa da kunna wurin ajiyar epel na ɓangare na uku don shigar da kunshin kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tsarinku na RHEL/CentOS. Da zarar ka ƙara wurin ajiyar epel, shigar da fakiti ta hanyar bin umarnin yum mai zuwa. Ga mai amfani da Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint zai iya sanya sauƙi ta amfani da apt-get command kamar yadda aka nuna.

# yum install monit
$ sudo apt-get install monit

Mataki 2: Harhadawa Monit

Monit yana da sauƙin daidaitawa, a zahiri an ƙirƙiri fayilolin sanyi don zama mai sauƙin karantawa kuma yana sauƙaƙa masu amfani don fahimta. An tsara shi don saka idanu kan ayyukan da ke gudana a cikin kowane minti 2 kuma yana riƙe rajistan ayyukan a cikin "/ var/log/monit".

Monit yana da haɗin yanar gizo wanda ke gudana a tashar jiragen ruwa 2812 ta amfani da sabar yanar gizo. Don kunna aikin yanar gizo akwai buƙatar yin canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawar monit. Babban fayil ɗin sanyi na monit wanda yake a /etc/monit.conf ƙarƙashin (RedHat/CentOS/Fedora) da/etc/monit/monitrc fayil na (Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint). Bude wannan fayil din ta amfani da zabi na edita.

# vi /etc/monit.conf
$ sudo vi /etc/monit/monitrc

Na gaba, rashin gamuwa da sashe mai zuwa kuma ƙara adireshin IP ko sunan yanki na sabarku, ƙyale kowa ya haɗu kuma ya canza mai amfani da kalmar wucewa ko za ku iya amfani da tsoffin.

 set httpd port 2812 and
     use address localhost  # only accept connection from localhost
     allow localhost        # allow localhost to connect to the server and
     allow admin:monit      # require user 'admin' with password 'monit'
     allow @monit           # allow users of group 'monit' to connect (rw)
     allow @users readonly  # allow users of group 'users' to connect readonly

Da zarar kun saita shi, kuna buƙatar fara sabis ɗin kuɗi don sake loda sabbin saitunan sanyi.

# /etc/init.d/monit start
$ sudo /etc/init.d/monit start

Yanzu, zaku sami damar samun damar duba yanar gizo ta hanyar kewayawa zuwa "http:// localhost: 2812" ko "http://example.com 2812". Sannan shigar da sunan mai amfani azaman “admin” da kalmar wucewa azaman “monit“. Ya kamata ku sami allo mai kama da na ƙasa.

Mataki na 3: dingara Ayyukan Kulawa

Da zarar ka saita saitin yanar gizon daidai saiti, fara ƙara shirye-shiryen da kake son saka idanu cikin /etc/monit.conf ƙarƙashin (RedHat/CentOS/Fedora) da/etc/monit/monitrc fayil don (Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint) a kasa.

Mai zuwa wasu misalai ne na daidaitaccen tsari don kulawa, wanda zai iya zama da matukar taimako ganin yadda sabis ke gudana, inda yake adana bayanansa da yadda ake farawa da tsaida sabis dss.

check process httpd with pidfile /var/run/httpd.pid
group apache
start program = "/etc/init.d/httpd start"
stop program = "/etc/init.d/httpd stop"
if failed host 127.0.0.1 port 80
protocol http then restart
if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout
check process apache with pidfile /run/apache2.pid
start program = "/etc/init.d/apache2 start" with timeout 60 seconds
stop program  = "/etc/init.d/apache2 stop"
check process nginx with pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid
start program = "/etc/init.d/nginx start"
stop program = "/etc/init.d/nginx stop"
check process mysqld with pidfile /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
group mysql
start program = "/etc/init.d/mysqld start"
stop program = "/etc/init.d/mysqld stop"
if failed host 127.0.0.1 port 3306 then restart
if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout
check process sshd with pidfile /var/run/sshd.pid
start program "/etc/init.d/sshd start"
stop program "/etc/init.d/sshd stop"
if failed host 127.0.0.1 port 22 protocol ssh then restart
if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout

Da zarar kun saita dukkan shirye-shirye don saka idanu, bincika tsarin tsara bayanai don kurakurai. Idan aka sami wani kuskure ya gyara su, ba abu mai wuya ba ne don gano abin da ya faru ba daidai ba. Lokacin da kuka sami saƙo kamar “Gudanar da rubutun fayil daidai OK“, ko kuma idan ba ku ga kurakurai ba, kuna iya ci gaba.

# monit -t
$ sudo monit -t

Bayan gyara duk kurakuran da akeyi, zaku iya rubuta umarni mai zuwa don fara hidimar kuɗin.

# /etc/init.d/monit restart
$ sudo /etc/init.d/monit restart

Kuna iya tabbatar da cewa an fara sabis ɗin biyan kuɗi ta hanyar bincika fayil ɗin log.

# tail -f /var/log/monit
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/monit.log
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] info     : Starting monit HTTP server at [localhost:2812]
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] info     : monit HTTP server started
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] info     : 'linux-console.net' Monit started
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] error    : 'nginx' process is not running
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] info     : 'nginx' trying to restart
[BDT Apr  3 03:06:04] info     : 'nginx' start: /etc/init.d/nginx

Wannan shine yadda ake duba kuɗi bayan ƙara duk tsari don saka idanu.

Tunanin Mahaɗa

  1. Shafin Gida na Kula
  2. Takardun Monit
  3. Misalan Tsarin Kan Sanfi