Kashe Wasu Packaukaka Sabuntawa ta amfani da YUM a cikin RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
YUM (Yellowdog Updater da aka Gyara) tsarin buɗe tushen tsoffin tushen kunshin ne don yawancin dandano na Linux kamar RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), CentOS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci) da Fedora. Ana amfani da YUM utility an girka, haɓakawa, cire abubuwan kunshin rpm daga rumbunan rarrabawa cikin tsarin.
Amma wani lokaci ba ma son yin sabunta wasu abubuwa kamar Apache Server (HTTP), MySQL, PHP da sauran manyan aikace-aikace, saboda idan irin waɗannan abubuwan sabuntawa na iya cutar da aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo a yanzu a kan sabar ko kuma za ku iya dakatar da sabuntawa har sai aikace-aikacen ya samu matsala. tare da sababbin abubuwa.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku yadda za mu iya keɓance (musaki) wasu ɗaukaka ɗaukakawa ta amfani da YUMtool. Zamu iya keɓance ko musaki wasu ƙididdiga na sabuntawa daga kowane wuraren ajiya na ɓangare na uku. Tsarin keɓewar zai zama kamar haka.
exclude=package package1 packages*
Abubuwan da ke sama za su keɓance “kunshin“, “kundi1” da jerin abubuwan “sabuntawa” ko kuma shigarwar da aka yi. Kowace kalmar shiga ya kamata a raba ta da sarari don keɓe fakitoci.
Yadda zaka cire fakitoci a cikin YUM
Don ware (musaki) takamaiman abubuwan kunshin, Buɗe fayil mai suna /etc/yum.conf tare da zaɓin edita.
# vi /etc/yum.conf
Sanya layi mai zuwa a kasan fayil din tare da kewaya maballin kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.
[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release # This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct # information. # It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this). # metadata_expire=90m # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=httpd php mysql
A cikin misali na sama, layin ban da zai dakatar da sabuntawa don fakitin “httpd” “php” da “mysql”. Bari muyi kokarin girkawa ko sabunta ɗayan su ta amfani da umarnin YUM kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# yum update httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.0 kB 00:00 updates | 3.5 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 2.7 MB 00:16 Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update
Yadda zaka cire fakitoci daga EPEL Repo
Don keɓe abubuwan shigarwa ko sabuntawa daga wurin ajiya na EPEL, sannan buɗe fayil ɗin da ake kira /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
Lineara layin keɓaɓɓu ta tantance takaddun abubuwan da za a keɓance daga ɗaukakawa.
[epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=perl php python
Yanzu gwada sabunta fayilolin da aka ambata a sama daga wurin ajiyar EPEL ta amfani da umarnin YUM.
# yum --enablerepo=epel update perl php python
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.hns.net.in * epel: ftp.kddilabs.jp * extras: mirrors.hns.net.in * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da zaɓin layin umarnin yum don keɓe kunshin ba tare da ƙarawa zuwa fayilolin ajiya ba.
# yum --exclude=httpd update
Don cire jerin kunshin, yi amfani da umarnin kamar haka.
# yum --exclude=mysql\* --exclude=httpd\* update
Wannan hanyar zaku iya keɓance ɗaukaka ga kowane fakiti da kuke so. Akwai wasu hanyoyi da yawa da zaku iya yi, misali, kwanan nan mun tattara labari akan hanyoyi 4 masu amfani don toshe/musaki ko kulle wasu fakitoci ta amfani da umarnin yum a cikin Linux, ya kamata ku karanta wannan anan: